CCNA 配置試驗之一 靜態路由

時間  2020-12-23
靜態路由的應用場合
•           一個小型到中型的網絡，而且沒有或只有較小的擴充計劃時。
•           靜態路由要手工輸入，手工管理；管理開銷對於動態路由來說是一個大大的負擔。
靜態路由優缺點
•           優點：
•             1.對路由器CPU沒有管理性開銷
•             2.在路由器間沒有帶寬佔用
•             3.增加安全性
•           缺點：
•             1.必須真正瞭解網絡
•             2.對於新添網絡配置繁瑣
•             3.對於大型網絡工作量巨大
靜態路由的配置
Router(config)#ip route network  [mask] {address | interface}[distance] [permanent]
即Router（config）#ip route 目標網段 目標網段的網絡掩碼 直連鄰居的接口IP地址
（直連鄰居的接口IP地址=下一跳的IP地址=網關）
 
下面我們通過試驗來驗證靜態路由的配置
CCNA試驗我使用的是模擬器
試驗環境如下：
試驗環境說明：
R1的ip地址爲 192.168.1.1（S0/0） 網絡掩碼爲255.255.255.0
R2的ip地址爲 192.168.1.2(S0/0)  192.168.2.1(S0/1) 網絡掩碼爲255.255.255.0
R3的ip地址爲 192.168.2.2 (S0/1)  192.168.3.1S0/2) 網絡掩碼爲255.255.255.0
R4的ip地址爲 192.168.3.2(S0/2) 網絡掩碼爲255.255.255.0
R1的S0/0端口、R2的S0/1端口、R3的S0/2端口爲DCE端
試驗要求：
要求在路由器間配置靜態路由使路由器間相互ping通。實現全網全通。
好了，開始工作
R1
en
conf  t
host r1                                    定義路由器名稱
enable password cisco                        定義特權口令
line vty 0 4                                 定義telne口令
pass cisco      
login
exit
int s0/0                                     定義接口信息
ip addr 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
clock rate 64000                              設置時鐘頻率
no shut
exit 
ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.2     在R1中配置靜態路由
ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.2
 
 
R2
en
conf  t
host r2                                    定義路由器名稱
enable password cisco                        定義特權口令
line vty 0 4                                 定義telne口令
pass cisco      
login
exit
int s0/0                                     定義接口信息
ip addr 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
no shut
exit
int s0/1
ip addr 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
clock rate 64000                              設置時鐘頻率
no shut
exit 
ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2      在 R2 中配置靜態路由
 
 
R3
en
conf  t
host r3                                     定義路由器名稱
enable password cisco                         定義特權口令
line vty 0 4                                  定義 telne 口令
pass cisco      
login
exit
int s0/1                                      定義接口信息
ip addr 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0
no shut
exit
int s0/2
ip addr 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
clock rate 64000                               設置時鐘頻率
no shut
exit 
ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.1      在 R3 中配置靜態路由
 
R4
 
en
conf  t
host r4                                     定義路由器名稱
enable password cisco                         定義特權口令
line vty 0 4                                  定義 telne 口令
pass cisco      
login
exit
int s0/2                                      定義接口信息
ip addr 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0
no shut
exit
ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1      在 R4 中配置靜態路由
ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1
在 R1 上 ping R2 R3 R4   如下圖所示，全網全通啦
 
如下是在路由器 R1  R2  R3  R4  裏做出的配置   紅色字體爲配置內容
R1
Router>en
Router#conf  t
Enter configuration commands, .e per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#host r1
r1(config)#enable password cisco
r1(config)#line vty 0 4
r1(config-line)#pass cisco
r1(config-line)#login
r1(config-line)#exit
r1(config)#int s0/0
r1(config-if)#ip addr 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
r1(config-if)#clock rate 64000
r1(config-if)#no shut
r1(config-if)#exit
*Mar  1 00:05:14.311: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/0, changed state to up
*Mar  1 00:05:15.311: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol . Interface Serial0/0,
 changed state to up
r1(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.2
r1(config)#
*Mar  1 00:05:43.055: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol . Interface Serial0/0,
 changed state to down
r1(config)#ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.2
 
R2
 
Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, .e per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#host r2
r2(config)#enable password cisco
r2(config)#line vty 0 4
r2(config-line)#pass cisco
r2(config-line)#login
r2(config-line)#exit
r2(config)#int s0/0
r2(config-if)#ip addr 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
r2(config-if)#no shut
r2(config-if)#
*Mar  1 00:05:21.035: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/0, changed state to up
*Mar  1 00:05:22.035: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol . Interface Serial0/0,
 changed state to upexit
r2(config)#int s0/1
r2(config-if)#ip addr 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
r2(config-if)#clock rate 64000
r2(config-if)#no shut
r2(config-if)#exit
r2(config)#
*Mar  1 00:25:35.283: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol . Interface Serial0/1,
 changed state to down%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol . Interface Serial0/1,
*Mar  1 00:25:45.267: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol . Interface Serial0/1,
 changed state to up: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol . Interface Serial0/1,
 changed state to down
r2(config)#ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2
 
 
R3 
 
Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, .e per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#host r3
r3(config)#enable password cisco
r3(config)#line vty 0 4
r3(config-line)#password cisco
r3(config-line)#login
r3(config-line)#exit
r3(config)#int s0/1
r3(config-if)#ip addr 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0
r3(config-if)#no shut
r3(config-if)#exit
r3(config)#
*Mar  1 00:03:39.899: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/1, changed state to upi
*Mar  1 00:03:40.903: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol . Interface Serial0/1,
 changed state to u
r3(config)#int s0/2
r3(config-if)#ip addr 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
r3(config-if)#clock rate 64000
r3(config-if)#no shut
r3(config-if)#
*Mar  1 00:04:24.839: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/2, changed state to up
*Mar  1 00:04:25.839: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol . Interface Serial0/2,
 changed state to up
*Mar  1 00:04:53.839: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol . Interface Serial0/2,
 changed state to down
r3(config-if)#exit
r3(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.1
 
 
.
R4
 
Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, .e per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#host r4
r4(config)#enable pass cisco
r4(config)#line vty 0 4
r4(config-line)#pass cisco
r4(config-line)#login
r4(config-line)#exit
r4(config)#int s0/2
r4(config-if)#ip addr 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0
r4(config-if)#no shut
r4(config-if)#
*Mar  1 00:03:04.871: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/2, changed state to up
*Mar  1 00:03:05.871: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol . Interface Serial0/2,
 changed state to up
r4(config-if)#exit
r4(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1
r4(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1
 
下面是在 R1 上分別 ping R2  R3  R4  的結果，
 
r1>ping 192.168.1.2
 
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 52/298/540 ms
r1>ping 192.168.2.1
 
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.2.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 140/218/376 ms
r1>ping 192.168.2.2
 
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.2.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 304/447/644 ms
r1>ping 192.168.3.1
 
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.3.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 140/460/804 ms
r1>ping 192.168.3.2
 
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.3.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 664/739/936 ms
哈哈   全網全通了！試驗宣告成功！！！！！
 
附：靜態路由的刪除：
(config)#no ip route 目標網段 目標網段的網絡掩碼 直連鄰居的接口IP地址









本文轉自 範琳琳 51CTO博客，原文鏈接：http://blog.51cto.com/fanlinlin/132177，如需轉載請自行聯繫原作者
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