在平常工做中,Python在辦公自動化領域應用很是普遍,如批量將多個Excel中的數據進行計算並生成圖表,批量將多個Excel按固定格式轉換成Word,或者定時生成文件併發送郵件等場景。本文主要以一個簡單的小例子,簡述Python在Excel和Word方面進行相互轉換的相關知識點,謹供學習分享使用,若有不足之處,還請指正。python
本文主要是將Excel文件經過必定規則轉換成Word文檔,涉及知識點以下所示:數組
插件能夠在pycharm的terminal面板下進行安裝。python-docx安裝命令爲:pip install python-docx併發
xlrd安裝命令爲:pip install xlrd 以下所示:app
數據源是一系列格式相同的Excel文件,共七列,其中第1列要按【/】進行截取拆分,格式以下:ide
本文核心源碼,主要分三部分:學習
導入相關模塊包,以下所示:字體
1 import xlrd 2 from docx import Document 3 from docx.enum.section import WD_ORIENTATION 4 from docx.enum.text import WD_PARAGRAPH_ALIGNMENT 5 from docx.shared import Pt, Cm, RGBColor 6 from docx.oxml.ns import qn 7 from docx.enum.table import WD_CELL_VERTICAL_ALIGNMENT
讀取Excel,以下所示:spa
1 def read_excel(self): 2 """讀取Excel""" 3 book = xlrd.open_workbook(self.excel_file) 4 sheet = book.sheet_by_name(self.sheet_name) 5 nrows = sheet.nrows # 行數 6 ncols = sheet.ncols # 列數 7 datas = [] # 存放數據 8 # 第一列 標題 9 keys = sheet.row_values(0) 10 for row in range(1, nrows): 11 data = {} # 每一行數據 12 for col in range(0, ncols): 13 value = sheet.cell_value(row, col) # 取出每個單元格的數據 14 # 替換到特殊字符 15 value = value.replace('<', '').replace('>', '').replace('$', '') 16 data[keys[col]] = value 17 # 截取第一列元素 18 if col == 0: 19 first = '' # 截取元素 第1 20 second = '' # 截取元素 第2 21 third = '' # 截取元素 第3 22 arrs = value.lstrip('/').split('/') # 去掉第一個/ 而後再以/分組 23 if len(arrs) > 0: 24 if len(arrs) == 1: 25 first = arrs[0] 26 second = first 27 third = second 28 elif len(arrs) == 2: 29 first = arrs[0] 30 second = arrs[1] 31 third = second 32 elif len(arrs) == 3: 33 first = arrs[0] 34 second = arrs[1] 35 third = arrs[2] 36 else: 37 first = arrs[0] 38 second = arrs[1] 39 third = arrs[2] 40 else: 41 first = value.ltrip('/') 42 second = first 43 third = second 44 data['first'] = first 45 data['second'] = second 46 data['third'] = third 47 # 截取第一列結束 48 datas.append(data) 49 return datas
生成Word部分:插件
1 def write_word(self, datas): 2 """生成word文件""" 3 if len(datas) < 1: 4 print('Excel沒有內容') 5 return 6 # 定義word文檔對象 7 doc = Document() 8 # 添加橫向 9 section = doc.sections[0] # doc.add_section(start_type=WD_SECTION_START.CONTINUOUS) # 添加橫向頁的連續節 10 section.orientation = WD_ORIENTATION.LANDSCAPE 11 page_h, page_w = section.page_width, section.page_height 12 section.page_width = page_w # 設置橫向紙的寬度 13 section.page_height = page_h # 設置橫向紙的高度 14 # 設置字體 15 doc.styles['Normal'].font.name = u'宋體' 16 doc.styles['Normal']._element.rPr.rFonts.set(qn('w:eastAsia'), u'宋體') 17 # 獲取第3部分(部門) 並去重 18 data_third = [] 19 for data in datas: 20 third = data['third'] 21 if data_third.count(third) == 0: 22 data_third.append(third) 23 for third in data_third: 24 h2 = doc.add_heading(third, level=2) # 寫入部門,二級標題 25 run = h2.runs[0] # 能夠經過add_run來設置文字,也能夠經過數組來獲取 26 run.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(0, 0, 0) 27 run.font.name = u'宋體' 28 doc.add_paragraph(text='', style=None) # 增長空白行 換行 29 # 開始獲取模板 30 data_template = [] 31 for data in datas: 32 if data['third'] == third: 33 template = {'first': data['first'], '模板名稱': data['模板名稱']} 34 if data_template.count(template) == 0: 35 data_template.append(template) 36 # 獲取模板完成 37 # 遍歷模板 38 for template in data_template: 39 h3 = doc.add_heading(template['模板名稱'], level=3) # 插入模板名稱,三級標題 40 run = h3.runs[0] # 能夠經過add_run來設置文字,也能夠經過數組來獲取 41 run.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(0, 0, 0) 42 run.font.name = u'宋體' 43 doc.add_paragraph(text='', style=None) # 換行 44 data_table = filter( 45 lambda data: data['third'] == third and data['模板名稱'] == template['模板名稱'] and data['first'] == 46 template['first'], datas) 47 data_table = list(data_table) 48 # 新增表格 4行5列 49 doc_table = doc.add_table(rows=4, cols=5) 50 doc_table.style = "Table Grid" 51 doc_table.style.font.size = Pt(9) 52 doc_table.style.font.name = '宋體' 53 54 # 合併單元格 賦值 55 doc_table.rows[0].cells[1].merge(doc_table.rows[0].cells[4]) 56 doc_table.rows[1].cells[1].merge(doc_table.rows[1].cells[4]) 57 doc_table.rows[2].cells[1].merge(doc_table.rows[2].cells[4]) 58 doc_table.rows[0].cells[0].text = '流程名稱:' 59 doc_table.rows[0].cells[1].text = data_table[0]['模板名稱'] 60 doc_table.rows[1].cells[0].text = '使用人:' 61 doc_table.rows[1].cells[1].text = data_table[0]['first'] 62 doc_table.rows[2].cells[0].text = '流程說明:' 63 doc_table.rows[2].cells[1].text = data_table[0]['流程說明'] 64 65 # 設置標題 66 head_cells = doc_table.rows[3].cells # 前面還有三行,特殊處理 67 head_cells[0].text = '節點' 68 head_cells[1].text = '節點名' 69 head_cells[2].text = '處理人員' 70 head_cells[3].text = '處理方式' 71 head_cells[4].text = '跳轉信息' 72 # 設置列寬 73 head_cells[0].width = Cm(1.9) 74 head_cells[1].width = Cm(4.83) 75 head_cells[2].width = Cm(8.25) 76 head_cells[3].width = Cm(2.54) 77 head_cells[4].width = Cm(5.64) 78 # 第1 列水平居中,並設置行高,全部單元格內容垂直居中 79 for i in range(0, 4): 80 # 水平居中 81 p = doc_table.rows[i].cells[0].paragraphs[0] 82 p.alignment = WD_PARAGRAPH_ALIGNMENT.CENTER 83 doc_table.rows[i].height = Cm(0.6) # 行高 84 # 垂直居中 85 for j in range(0, 5): 86 doc_table.rows[i].cells[j].vertical_alignment = WD_CELL_VERTICAL_ALIGNMENT.CENTER 87 88 # 生成表格並填充內容 89 row_num = 0 90 for data in data_table: 91 row = doc_table.add_row() 92 row_cells = row.cells 93 row_cells[0].text = str(row_num + 1) # 序號,須要轉換成字符串 94 row_cells[1].text = data['節點名稱'] 95 row_cells[2].text = data['審批人員'] 96 row_cells[3].text = data['審批方式'] 97 row_cells[4].text = '' 98 # 水平居中 99 p = row_cells[0].paragraphs[0] 100 p.alignment = WD_PARAGRAPH_ALIGNMENT.CENTER 101 row.height = Cm(0.6) # 行高 102 # 垂直居中 103 for j in range(0, 5): 104 row_cells[j].vertical_alignment = WD_CELL_VERTICAL_ALIGNMENT.CENTER 105 row_num = row_num + 1 106 107 doc.add_paragraph(text='', style=None) # 換行 108 doc.save(self.word_file)
子曰:「不患無位,患因此立。不患莫己知,求爲可知也。excel