路由軟件quagga和bird日誌配置打印ospf鄰居變化

背景：
　　網絡側反饋偶爾會出現ospf鄰居狀態變化：full-> other status -> full.歷史緣由，線上運行的路由軟件有quagga和bird兩種。兩種路由軟件的日誌級別配置，打印ospf鄰居狀態變化的過程。

quagga：
　　配置選項：
　　日誌文件記錄配置
　　log file /home/work/quagga/logs/ospfd.log
　　日誌打印鄰居關係狀態變化過程
　　debug ospf nsm status

　　配置操做：
　　mkdir /home/work/quagga/logs -pv
　　chown -R quagga.quagga /home/work/quagga/
　　vtysh
　　conf t
　　log file /home/work/quagga/logs/ospfd.log
　　debug ospf nsm status
　　end
　　w
　　exit
　　*提示：Linux命令行下複製粘貼上述命令便可，熱加載生效，無需重啓服務。

　　重啓ospfd服務：
　　service ospfd restart
　　*提示：此步驟是爲了查看效果，若是是線上機器，請勿執行。

日誌以下：
[root@localhost ~]# cat /home/work/quagga/logs/ospfd.log
2017/12/15 13:42:11 OSPF: Terminating on signal
2017/12/15 13:42:11 OSPF: NSM[eth1:10.105.251.26:10.105.252.174]: State change Full -> Deleted (KillNbr)
2017/12/15 13:42:11 OSPF: AdjChg: Nbr 10.105.252.174 on eth1:10.105.251.26: Full -> Deleted (KillNbr)
2017/12/15 13:42:11 OSPF: nsm_change_state(10.105.252.174, Full -> Deleted): scheduling new router-LSA origination
2017/12/15 13:42:11 OSPF: ospfTrapIfStateChange trap sent: 10.105.251.26 now Down
2017/12/15 13:42:11 OSPF: interface 10.105.251.26 [5] leave AllSPFRouters Multicast group.
2017/12/15 13:42:11 OSPF: OSPFd 0.99.15 starting: vty@2604
2017/12/15 13:42:11 OSPF: ospfTrapIfStateChange trap sent: 10.105.251.26 now Point-To-Point
2017/12/15 13:42:11 OSPF: interface 10.105.251.26 [5] join AllSPFRouters Multicast group.
2017/12/15 13:42:11 OSPF: NSM[eth1:10.105.251.26:10.105.252.174]: State change Down -> Init (HelloReceived)
2017/12/15 13:42:11 OSPF: NSM[eth1:10.105.251.26:10.105.252.174]: State change Init -> ExStart (2-WayReceived)
2017/12/15 13:42:11 OSPF: Packet[DD]: Neighbor 10.105.252.174 Negotiation done (Slave).
2017/12/15 13:42:11 OSPF: NSM[eth1:10.105.251.26:10.105.252.174]: State change ExStart -> Exchange (NegotiationDone)
2017/12/15 13:42:11 OSPF: NSM[eth1:10.105.251.26:10.105.252.174]: State change Exchange -> Loading (ExchangeDone)
2017/12/15 13:42:11 OSPF: NSM[eth1:10.105.251.26:10.105.252.174]: State change Loading -> Full (LoadingDone)
2017/12/15 13:42:11 OSPF: AdjChg: Nbr 10.105.252.174 on eth1:10.105.251.26: Loading -> Full (LoadingDone)
2017/12/15 13:42:11 OSPF: nsm_change_state(10.105.252.174, Loading -> Full): scheduling new router-LSA origination

bird：

配置選項：
日誌文件記錄配置
log "/home/work/logs/bird.log" all;
日誌打印鄰居關係狀態變化過程
1. debug protocols { events }; #全局配置
2. debug { events }; #局部配置，在每一個protocol中配置
*提示：在1和2中選擇其中一個，請注意配置位置，建議採用全局配置。

配置操做：
sed -i '3idebug protocols { events };' /etc/bird.conf #bird配置文件

熱加載生效，無需重啓服務。
birdcl config

重啓bird服務：
kill -9 `ps -ef |grep bir[d]|awk '{print $2}'`
/usr/local/bird/sbin/bird -c /usr/local/bird/etc/bird.conf
*提示：此步驟是爲了查看效果，若是是線上機器，請勿執行。

日誌以下：
[root@localhost ~]# grep state /home/work/logs/bird.log
2017-12-12 19:03:03 <TRACE> C3_CNC: Changing state of iface veth1.306 from down to ptp
2017-12-12 19:03:03 <TRACE> C3_CTC: Changing state of iface veth1.305 from down to ptp
2017-12-12 19:03:03 <TRACE> C3_BGP: Changing state of iface veth1.308 from down to ptp
2017-12-12 19:03:04 <TRACE> C3_CMN: Changing state of iface veth1.307 from down to ptp
2017-12-12 19:03:06 <TRACE> C3_CTC: Changing state of iface lo from down to ptp
2017-12-12 19:03:15 <TRACE> C3_CTC: Changing state of iface lo from ptp to down
2017-12-12 19:03:15 <TRACE> C3_CTC: Changing state of iface lo from down to ptp
2017-12-12 19:03:15 <TRACE> C3_CTC: Changing state of iface lo from down to ptp
2017-12-12 19:03:35 <TRACE> C3_CMN: Neighbor 10.115.254.49 changes state from " down" to " init".
2017-12-12 19:03:35 <TRACE> C3_CMN: Neighbor 10.115.254.49 changes state from " init" to " 2way".
2017-12-12 19:03:35 <TRACE> C3_CMN: Neighbor 10.115.254.49 changes state from " 2way" to " exstart".
2017-12-12 19:03:35 <TRACE> C3_CNC: Neighbor 10.115.254.45 changes state from " down" to " init".
2017-12-12 19:03:35 <TRACE> C3_CNC: Neighbor 10.115.254.45 changes state from " init" to " 2way".
2017-12-12 19:03:35 <TRACE> C3_CNC: Neighbor 10.115.254.45 changes state from " 2way" to " exstart".
2017-12-12 19:03:35 <TRACE> C3_CTC: Neighbor 10.115.254.41 changes state from " down" to " init".
2017-12-12 19:03:35 <TRACE> C3_CTC: Neighbor 10.115.254.41 changes state from " init" to " 2way".
2017-12-12 19:03:35 <TRACE> C3_CTC: Neighbor 10.115.254.41 changes state from " 2way" to " exstart".
2017-12-12 19:03:35 <TRACE> C3_BGP: Neighbor 10.115.254.53 changes state from " down" to " init".
2017-12-12 19:03:35 <TRACE> C3_BGP: Neighbor 10.115.254.53 changes state from " init" to " 2way".
2017-12-12 19:03:35 <TRACE> C3_BGP: Neighbor 10.115.254.53 changes state from " 2way" to " exstart".
2017-12-12 19:03:36 <TRACE> C3_CMN: Neighbor 10.115.254.49 changes state from " exstart" to "exchange".
2017-12-12 19:03:36 <TRACE> C3_CNC: Neighbor 10.115.254.45 changes state from " exstart" to "exchange".
2017-12-12 19:03:36 <TRACE> C3_CTC: Neighbor 10.115.254.41 changes state from " exstart" to "exchange".
2017-12-12 19:03:36 <TRACE> C3_BGP: Neighbor 10.115.254.53 changes state from " exstart" to "exchange".
2017-12-12 19:03:36 <TRACE> C3_CNC: Neighbor 10.115.254.45 changes state from "exchange" to " loading".
2017-12-12 19:03:36 <TRACE> C3_CMN: Neighbor 10.115.254.49 changes state from "exchange" to " loading".
2017-12-12 19:03:36 <TRACE> C3_CTC: Neighbor 10.115.254.41 changes state from "exchange" to " loading".
2017-12-12 19:03:36 <TRACE> C3_BGP: Neighbor 10.115.254.53 changes state from "exchange" to " loading".
2017-12-12 19:03:37 <TRACE> C3_CTC: Neighbor 10.115.254.41 changes state from " loading" to " full".
2017-12-12 19:03:37 <TRACE> C3_CNC: Neighbor 10.115.254.45 changes state from " loading" to " full".
2017-12-12 19:03:37 <TRACE> C3_CMN: Neighbor 10.115.254.49 changes state from " loading" to " full".
2017-12-12 19:03:37 <TRACE> C3_BGP: Neighbor 10.115.254.53 changes state from " loading" to " full".

參考文檔：

quagga官方文檔：http://www.nongnu.org/quagga/bird官方文檔：http://bird.network.cz/