本文基於Spring Cloud Finchley SR4mysql
本文經過幾個問題,解析下Spring WebFlux用法最佳實踐,並與另外一框架Vertx做對比web
是能夠的,這樣的依賴是可行的(容器用tomcat和undertow或者其餘均可以,這裏使用undertow):spring
這個問題,除此運用像WebFlux和Vertx的框架的人,都會對這個有誤解。認爲僅僅簡單的把webFlux的依賴添加進來,以後接口返回Mono就實現了異步背壓的Reactor模型。實際上並非這樣的。 咱們來舉幾個例子,分步驟深刻了解下。 首先爲了測試方便,咱們將web容器的處理http請求線程池的大小改爲惟一一個,對於Tomcat,配置:sql
server.thread.max-thread=1
對於UnderTow(咱們這裏用的是underTow):數據庫
# 設置IO線程數, 它主要執行非阻塞的任務,它們會負責多個鏈接, 默認設置每一個CPU核心一個線程 server.undertow.io-threads=1 # 阻塞任務線程池, 當執行相似servlet請求阻塞IO操做, undertow會從這個線程池中取得線程 # 它的值設置取決於系統線程執行任務的阻塞係數,默認值是IO線程數*8 server.undertow.worker-threads=1
以後,配置Log4J2日誌格式爲:api
<Property name="springAppName">test</Property> <Property name="LOG_ROOT">log</Property> <Property name="LOG_DATEFORMAT_PATTERN">yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS</Property> <Property name="LOG_EXCEPTION_CONVERSION_WORD">%xwEx</Property> <Property name="LOG_LEVEL_PATTERN">%5p</Property> <Property name="logFormat"> %d{${LOG_DATEFORMAT_PATTERN}} ${LOG_LEVEL_PATTERN} [${springAppName},%X{X-B3-TraceId},%X{X-B3-SpanId}] [${sys:PID}] [%t][%C:%L]: %m%n${sys:LOG_EXCEPTION_CONVERSION_WORD} </Property>
這樣的格式可使咱們看到線程號,還有sleuth的traceId和spanId(咱們的項目依賴了sleuth)。 首先編寫測試代碼,看看直接簡單調用並just是否實現了異步背壓:緩存
@Log4j2 @RestController public class TestController { @Autowired private TestService testService; @RequestMapping("/test") public Mono<String> test() { log.info("test started"); return Mono.just(testService.simulateIOTest()); } @Service public static class TestService { public String simulateIOTest() { try { //simulate io log.info("simulate start"); TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5); log.info("simulate end"); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return "hello"; } } }
併發調用接口,查看日誌,發現:tomcat
2019-11-12 09:05:41.595 INFO [test,26bf995af305ad34,26bf995af305ad34] [26208] [XNIO-2 task-1][com.hopegaming.syringe.api.frontend.order.TestController:26]:test started 2019-11-12 09:05:41.596 INFO [test,26bf995af305ad34,26bf995af305ad34] [26208] [XNIO-2 task-1][com.hopegaming.syringe.api.frontend.order.TestController$TestService:38]:simulate start 2019-11-12 09:05:46.598 INFO [test,26bf995af305ad34,26bf995af305ad34] [26208] [XNIO-2 task-1][com.hopegaming.syringe.api.frontend.order.TestController$TestService:40]:simulate end 2019-11-12 09:05:46.635 INFO [test,620bd553b1e55dcd,620bd553b1e55dcd] [26208] [XNIO-2 task-1][com.hopegaming.syringe.api.frontend.order.TestController:26]:test started 2019-11-12 09:05:46.635 INFO [test,620bd553b1e55dcd,620bd553b1e55dcd] [26208] [XNIO-2 task-1][com.hopegaming.syringe.api.frontend.order.TestController$TestService:38]:simulate start 2019-11-12 09:05:51.636 INFO [test,620bd553b1e55dcd,620bd553b1e55dcd] [26208] [XNIO-2 task-1][com.hopegaming.syringe.api.frontend.order.TestController$TestService:40]:simulate end 2019-11-12 09:05:51.643 INFO [test,bc17d60861ba1a2a,bc17d60861ba1a2a] [26208] [XNIO-2 task-1][com.hopegaming.syringe.api.frontend.order.TestController:26]:test started 2019-11-12 09:05:51.643 INFO [test,bc17d60861ba1a2a,bc17d60861ba1a2a] [26208] [XNIO-2 task-1][com.hopegaming.syringe.api.frontend.order.TestController$TestService:38]:simulate start 2019-11-12 09:05:56.644 INFO [test,bc17d60861ba1a2a,bc17d60861ba1a2a] [26208] [XNIO-2 task-1][com.hopegaming.syringe.api.frontend.order.TestController$TestService:40]:simulate end
能夠明顯看出,請求是串行處理的,由於只有一個線程,而且這個線程還在等待請求處理完。這就不符合Reactor模型,處理http請求的線程XNIO-2 task-1應該不等待請求處理完而直接處理下一個請求才對。 把Mono.just(testService.simulateIOTest())
替換成Mono.fromCallable(() -> testService.simulateIOTest())
等等相似的是同樣的效果,這裏必須本身用其餘的線程池,去處理實際請求,處理結束的時候,將結果填寫到最外層的Mono裏面。這樣的話,考慮到代碼整潔性不採用純回調寫法,要求每個調用方法返回的都是Future類型的。這裏咱們返回CompletableFuture。併發
@Log4j2 @RestController public class TestController { @Autowired private TestService testService; @RequestMapping("/test") public Mono<String> test() { log.info("test started"); return Mono.create(stringMonoSink -> testService.simulateIOTest().thenApply(s -> { log.info("apply"); //填寫成功結果 stringMonoSink.success(s); return s; })); } @Service public static class TestService { public CompletableFuture<String> simulateIOTest() { return CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> { try { //simulate io log.info("simulate start"); TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5); log.info("simulate end"); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return "hello"; }); } } }
結果是:app
2019-11-12 09:18:03.457 INFO [test,8d6eddc9cc80612f,8d6eddc9cc80612f] [22892] [XNIO-2 task-1][com.hopegaming.syringe.api.frontend.order.TestController:26]:test started 2019-11-12 09:18:03.458 INFO [test,,] [22892] [ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-3][com.hopegaming.syringe.api.frontend.order.TestController$TestService:44]:simulate start 2019-11-12 09:18:04.155 INFO [test,c654462e159fd43e,c654462e159fd43e] [22892] [XNIO-2 task-1][com.hopegaming.syringe.api.frontend.order.TestController:26]:test started 2019-11-12 09:18:04.156 INFO [test,,] [22892] [ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-5][com.hopegaming.syringe.api.frontend.order.TestController$TestService:44]:simulate start 2019-11-12 09:18:04.962 INFO [test,8366a95d002ca25a,8366a95d002ca25a] [22892] [XNIO-2 task-1][com.hopegaming.syringe.api.frontend.order.TestController:26]:test started 2019-11-12 09:18:04.963 INFO [test,,] [22892] [ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-7][com.hopegaming.syringe.api.frontend.order.TestController$TestService:44]:simulate start 2019-11-12 09:18:05.756 INFO [test,5f851d9e2ef49f14,5f851d9e2ef49f14] [22892] [XNIO-2 task-1][com.hopegaming.syringe.api.frontend.order.TestController:26]:test started 2019-11-12 09:18:05.757 INFO [test,,] [22892] [ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-9][com.hopegaming.syringe.api.frontend.order.TestController$TestService:44]:simulate start 2019-11-12 09:18:08.459 INFO [test,,] [22892] [ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-3][com.hopegaming.syringe.api.frontend.order.TestController$TestService:46]:simulate end 2019-11-12 09:18:08.459 INFO [test,,] [22892] [ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-3][com.hopegaming.syringe.api.frontend.order.TestController:28]:apply 2019-11-12 09:18:09.156 INFO [test,,] [22892] [ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-5][com.hopegaming.syringe.api.frontend.order.TestController$TestService:46]:simulate end 2019-11-12 09:18:09.156 INFO [test,,] [22892] [ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-5][com.hopegaming.syringe.api.frontend.order.TestController:28]:apply 2019-11-12 09:18:09.964 INFO [test,,] [22892] [ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-7][com.hopegaming.syringe.api.frontend.order.TestController$TestService:46]:simulate end 2019-11-12 09:18:09.964 INFO [test,,] [22892] [ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-7][com.hopegaming.syringe.api.frontend.order.TestController:28]:apply 2019-11-12 09:18:10.757 INFO [test,,] [22892] [ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-9][com.hopegaming.syringe.api.frontend.order.TestController$TestService:46]:simulate end 2019-11-12 09:18:10.757 INFO [test,,] [22892] [ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-9][com.hopegaming.syringe.api.frontend.order.TestController:28]:apply
這樣,才真正實現了Reactor模型。
CompletableFuture能夠指定線程池,亦能夠不指定。若是像上面不指定的話,那麼使用的線程池就是Java8以後會默認啓動一個大小爲CPU核數減一的CommonForkJoinPool去執行。須要指定的話,基本上每一個方法均可以額外傳入一個線程池做爲參數。
最佳實踐是,只要涉及到IO的,就交給不一樣的線程池去作,不一樣種類的IO的線程池不一樣。例如,用於數據庫IO的線程池,用於RPC的線程池,用於緩存訪問的線程池等等。
這裏還有一個問題存在,就是異步調用,致使spanId和traceId丟失了,例如上面的例子:
2019-11-12 09:18:03.457 INFO [test,8d6eddc9cc80612f,8d6eddc9cc80612f] [22892] [XNIO-2 task-1][com.hopegaming.syringe.api.frontend.order.TestController:26]:test started 2019-11-12 09:18:03.458 INFO [test,,] [22892] [ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-3][com.hopegaming.syringe.api.frontend.order.TestController$TestService:44]:simulate start
8d6eddc9cc80612f
這個丟失了,致使微服務調用鏈日誌追蹤變得不可行,因此,這裏咱們對於異步的代碼,也須要在異步調用前強制設置下spanId和traceId。
綜上以後,修改的代碼是:
@Log4j2 @RestController public class TestController { @Autowired private TestService testService; @RequestMapping("/test") public Mono<String> test() { log.info("test started"); return Mono.fromFuture(testService.simulateIOTest()); } @Service public static class TestService { @Autowired private Tracer tracer; ThreadFactory build = (new ThreadFactoryBuilder()).setNameFormat("test_service_executor-%d").build(); private ExecutorService executorService = new ThreadPoolExecutor(50, 50, 0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS, new LinkedBlockingQueue(131072), build, new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy()); public CompletableFuture<String> simulateIOTest() { Span span = tracer.currentSpan(); return CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> { try (Tracer.SpanInScope cleared = tracer.withSpanInScope(span)) { //simulate io log.info("simulate start"); TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5); log.info("simulate end"); return "hello"; } catch (Exception e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } }, executorService); } } }
結果是:
2019-11-12 09:44:30.953 INFO [test,bc1ba4169e037577,bc1ba4169e037577] [2796] [XNIO-2 task-1][com.hopegaming.syringe.api.frontend.order.TestController:28]:test started 2019-11-12 09:44:30.991 INFO [test,bc1ba4169e037577,bc1ba4169e037577] [2796] [test_service_executor-0][com.hopegaming.syringe.api.frontend.order.TestController$TestService:44]:simulate start 2019-11-12 09:44:35.991 INFO [test,bc1ba4169e037577,bc1ba4169e037577] [2796] [test_service_executor-0][com.hopegaming.syringe.api.frontend.order.TestController$TestService:46]:simulate end
實際上,從設計上看,基本思路是同樣的。對於任意一個IO操做,若是有原生的異步客戶端(返回是一個Future),則運用Future封裝交給其餘線程池處理,不影響http請求線程接受其餘請求。
主要區別在於:
WorkerExecutor
類。