Openstack之用virsh建立帶有OS的image

在用virsh命令建立p_w_picpath以前，要保證你的kvm和libvirt已經安裝且能夠運行，如何安裝kvm和libvirt能夠參考本人的其餘博客

root@u-node4:/var/run/libvirt# kvm-ok 

INFO: /dev/kvm exists

KVM acceleration can be used

root@u-node4:/var/run/libvirt# virsh list

 Id    Name                           State

----------------------------------------------------

root@u-node4:/home/zxl# mkdir /p_w_picpath

root@u-node4:/home/zxl# cd /p_w_picpath/

root@u-node4:/p_w_picpath# ll

total 8

drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096 Aug 22 10:04 ./

drwxr-xr-x 26 root root 4096 Aug 22 10:04 ../

下面是一個虛擬機配置文件的模板，對其進行特定的修改即可（注，此模板中沒有定義cdrom，須要添加，通常狀況下若是你有一個帶有os的raw格式的p_w_picpath,且將此raw文件做文qcow2的backing_file進行大批量虛擬機建立時，則不須要ios鏡像）

下面的爲cdrom的定義，添加進模板中第33行即可

<disk type='file' device='cdrom'>

      <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>

      <source file='/p_w_picpath/ubuntu-12.04.5-alternate-amd64.iso'/>

      <target dev='hdb' bus='ide'/>

      <readonly/>

      <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='1' unit='0'/>

    </disk>

root@u-node4:/p_w_picpath# vim ubuntu-12.04.xml

  1 <domain type='kvm'>

  2   <name>%VM_NAME%</name>

  3   <uuid>%UUID%</uuid>

  4   <memory>1048576</memory>

  5   <currentMemory>1048576</currentMemory>

  6   <vcpu>1</vcpu>

  7   <os>

  8     <type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-0.14'>hvm</type>

  9     <boot dev='hd'/>

 10     <bootmenu enable='yes'/>

 11   </os>

 12   <cpu match='exact'>

 13    <model>core2duo</model>

 14    <feature policy='require' name='vmx'/>

 15   </cpu>

 16   <features>

 17     <acpi/>

 18     <apic/>

 19     <pae/>

 20   </features>

 21   <clock offset='localtime'/>

 22   <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>

 23   <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>

 24   <on_crash>restart</on_crash>

 25   <devices>

 26     <emulator>/usr/bin/kvm</emulator>

 27     <disk type='file' device='disk'>

 28       <driver name='qemu' type='qcow2' cache='none'/>

 29       <source file='%IMAGE_PATH%'/>

 30       <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>

 31       <alias name='virtio-disk0'/>

 32     </disk>

 33 

 34     <disk type='file' device='disk'>

 35       <driver name='qemu' type='raw' cache='none'/>

 36       <source file='%RAW_DISK_PATH%'/>

 37       <target dev='vdb' bus='virtio'/>

 38       <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x08' function='0x0'/>

 39     </disk>

 40 

 41 

 42     <controller type='ide' index='0'>

 43       <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x1'/>

 44     </controller>

 45     <controller type='fdc' index='0'/>

 46 

 47     <interface type='bridge'>

 48       <mac address='%MAC%'/>

 49       <source bridge='br100'/>

 50       <target dev='vnet0'/>

 51       <alias name='net0'/>

 52       <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>

 53     </interface>

 54 

 55     <interface type='network'>

 56       <mac address='%MAC2%'/> <!-- 192.168.222.%IP1% -->

 57       <source network='default'/>

 58       <target dev='vnet1'/>

 59       <alias name='net1'/>

 60       <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x0'/>

 61     </interface>

 62 

 63     <interface type='network'>

 64       <mac address='%MAC3%'/> <!-- 192.168.111.%IP2% -->

 65       <source network='default'/>

 66       <target dev='vnet2'/>

 67       <alias name='net2'/>

 68       <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x09' function='0x0'/>

 69     </interface>

 70 

 71 

 72 

 73     <serial type='pty'>

 74       <target port='0'/>

 75     </serial>

 76     <console type='pty'>

 77       <target type='serial' port='0'/>

 78     </console>

 79     <input type='tablet' bus='usb'/>

 80     <input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/>

 81     <graphics type='vnc' port='5900' autoport='yes' listen='0.0.0.0' keymap='en-us'>

 82       <listen type='address' address='0.0.0.0'/>

 83     </graphics>

 84     <sound model='ich6'>

 85       <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0'/>

 86     </sound>

 87     <video>

 88       <model type='vga' vram='9216' heads='1'/>

 89       <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/>

 90     </video>

 91     <memballoon model='virtio'>

 92       <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0'/>

 93     </memballoon>

 94   </devices>

 95 </domain>

指定虛擬機名稱

root@u-node4:/p_w_picpath# sed -i "s,%VM_NAME%,ubuntu-12.04,g" ubuntu-12.04.xml 

指定UUID

root@u-node4:/p_w_picpath# uuidgen 

f43b668f-f13c-4129-bee1-20673dcff5fb

root@u-node4:/p_w_picpath# sed -i "s,%UUID%,f43b668f-f13c-4129-bee1-20673dcff5fb,g" ubuntu-12.04.xml 

 建立一個raw格式的p_w_picpath(注：若是製做的p_w_picpath須要長期使用，儘可能採用raw格式）   

root@u-node4:/p_w_picpath# qemu-img create -f raw ubuntu-12.04.raw 30G

Formatting 'ubuntu-12.04.raw', fmt=raw size=32212254720 

root@u-node4:/p_w_picpath# sed -i "s,%IMAGE_PATH%,/p_w_picpath/ubuntu-12.04.raw,g" ubuntu-12.04.xml 

root@u-node4:/p_w_picpath# 

設置虛擬光盤，用來安裝操做系統  (此鏡像須要你提早下載好）

root@u-node4:/p_w_picpath# sed -i "s,%ISO_PATH%,/p_w_picpath/ubuntu-12.04.5-alternate-amd64.iso" ubuntu-12.04.xml 

root@u-node4:/p_w_picpath# 

root@u-node4:/p_w_picpath# ll

total 779280

drwxr-xr-x  2 root root       4096 Aug 22 10:15 ./

drwxr-xr-x 26 root root      4096 Aug 22 10:04 ../

-rw-r--r--  1 root root       797966336 Aug 13 06:17 ubuntu-12.04.5-alternate-amd64.iso

-rw-r--r--  1 root root       32212254720 Aug 22 10:11 ubuntu-12.04.raw

-rw-r--r--  1 root root       2894 Aug 22 10:12 ubuntu-12.04.xml

設置虛擬網卡，在此以前須要確保br100啓用，用以下命令生成並替換MAC地址

root@u-node4:/p_w_picpath# sed -i "s,%ISO_PATH%,/p_w_picpath/ubuntu-12.04.5-alternate-amd64.iso,g" ubuntu-12.04.xml 

root@u-node4:/p_w_picpath# MAC="fa:95:$(dd if=/dev/urandom count=1 2> /dev/null | md5sum | sed 's/^\(..\)\(..\)\(..\)\(..\).*$/\1:\2:\3:\4/')"

root@u-node4:/p_w_picpath# sed -i "s,%MAC%,$MAC,g" ubuntu-12.04.xml 

root@u-node4:/p_w_picpath# MAC2="52:54:$(dd if=/dev/urandom count=1 2> /dev/null | md5sum | sed 's/^\(..\)\(..\)\(..\)\(..\).*$/\1:\2:\3:\4/')"

root@u-node4:/p_w_picpath# sed -i "s,%MAC2%,$MAC2,g" ubuntu-12.04.xml 

這時ubuntu12.04.xml的文件就已經配置好了，下面就能夠建立而且啓動虛擬機了，在此以前先要進行define操做

root@u-node4:/p_w_picpath# virsh define ubuntu-12.04.xml 

error: Failed to define domain from ubuntu-12.04.xml

error: XML error: unable to parse mac address '%MAC3%'

出現錯誤，刪除ubuntu-12.04.xml中關於MAC3的定義後從新define

修改關於名稱的定義爲ubuntu-12.04

root@u-node4:/p_w_picpath# virsh define ubuntu-12.04.xml 

Domain ubuntu-12.04  defined from ubuntu-12.04.xml

能夠看到此虛擬機已經定義，處於關閉狀態

root@u-node4:/p_w_picpath# virsh list --all

 Id    Name                           State

----------------------------------------------------

 -    ubuntu-12.04                     shut off

root@u-node4:/p_w_picpath# virsh start ubuntu-12.04

error: Failed to start domain %ubuntu-12.04%

error: Cannot access storage file '%RAW_DISK_PATH%' (as uid:0, gid:0): No such file or directory

出現錯誤，刪除ubuntu-12.04.xml中關於vdb raw磁盤的定義後啓動

root@u-node4:~# virsh start ubuntu-12.04 

error: Failed to start domain ubuntu-12.04

error: unsupported configuration: guest and host CPU are not compatible: Host CPU does not provide required features: monitor

出現錯誤刪除下面內容

<cpu match='exact'>

<model>core2duo</model>

<feature policy='require' name='vmx'/>

</cpu>

root@u-node4:~# virsh start ubuntu-12.04 

error: Failed to start domain ubuntu-12.04

error: Cannot get interface MTU on 'br100': No such device

出現錯誤刪除,沒有配置基於網橋的虛擬網卡

root@u-node4:~# vim /etc/network/interfaces

root@u-node4:/p_w_picpath# virsh start ubuntu-12.04

error: Failed to start domain ubuntu-12.04

error: internal error: Process exited while reading console log output: char device redirected to /dev/pts/1

Unsupported cluster size: 2^0kvm: -drive file=/p_w_picpath/ubuntu-12.04.raw,if=none,id=drive-virtio-disk0,format=qcow2,cache=none: could not open disk p_w_picpath /p_w_picpath/ubuntu-12.04.raw: Invalid argument

磁盤格式錯誤將<driver name='qemu' type='qcow2' cache='none'/>中的qcow2該爲raw

root@u-node4:/p_w_picpath# virsh start ubuntu-12.04

Domain ubuntu-12.04 started

root@u-node4:/p_w_picpath# virsh list

 Id    Name                           State

----------------------------------------------------

 11    ubuntu-12.04                   running

已經能夠用virt-manager看到虛擬機正在安裝

可是咱們通常用vnc查看虛擬機

root@u-node4:/p_w_picpath#apt-get install vncviewer

root@u-node4:/p_w_picpath#vncviewer 192.168.139.5:5900 （vncviewer 宿主機IP:xml中配置的端口）

也能夠經過以下命令肯定虛擬機vnc的端口，能夠看到顯示的是：0

這是最終虛擬機配置文件

root@u-node4:/p_w_picpath# vim ubuntu-12.04.xml 

<domain type='kvm'>

  <name>ubuntu-12.04</name>

  <uuid>f43b668f-f13c-4129-bee1-20673dcff5fb</uuid>

  <memory>1048576</memory>

  <currentMemory>1048576</currentMemory>

  <vcpu>1</vcpu>

  <os>

    <type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-0.14'>hvm</type>

    <boot dev='hd'/>

    <bootmenu enable='yes'/>

  </os>

  <features>

    <acpi/>

    <apic/>

    <pae/>

  </features>

  <clock offset='localtime'/>

  <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>

  <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>

  <on_crash>restart</on_crash>

  <devices>

    <emulator>/usr/bin/kvm</emulator>

    <disk type='file' device='disk'>

      <driver name='qemu' type='raw' cache='none'/>

      <source file='/p_w_picpath/ubuntu-12.04.raw'/>

      <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>

      <alias name='virtio-disk0'/>

    </disk>

    <disk type='file' device='cdrom'>

      <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>

      <source file='/p_w_picpath/ubuntu-12.04.5-alternate-amd64.iso'/>

      <target dev='hdb' bus='ide'/>

      <readonly/>

      <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='1' unit='0'/>

    </disk>

    <controller type='ide' index='0'>

      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x1'/>

    </controller>

    <controller type='fdc' index='0'/>

    <interface type='bridge'>

      <mac address='fa:95:d9:d9:9a:ca'/>

      <source bridge='br100'/>

      <target dev='vnet0'/>

      <alias name='net0'/>

      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>

    </interface>

    <interface type='network'>

      <mac address='52:54:d8:c3:69:30'/> <!-- 192.168.222.%IP1% -->

      <source network='default'/>

      <target dev='vnet1'/>

      <alias name='net1'/>

      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x0'/>

    </interface>

  <serial type='pty'>

      <target port='0'/>

    </serial>

    <console type='pty'>

      <target type='serial' port='0'/>

    </console>

    <input type='tablet' bus='usb'/>

    <input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/>

    <graphics type='vnc' port='5900' autoport='yes' listen='0.0.0.0' keymap='en-us'>

      <listen type='address' address='0.0.0.0'/>

    </graphics>

    <sound model='ich6'>

      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0'/>

    </sound>

    <video>

      <model type='vga' vram='9216' heads='1'/>

      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/>

    </video>

    <memballoon model='virtio'>

      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0'/>

    </memballoon>

  </devices>

</domain>