本身動手一步步安裝Linux系統

LFS簡介html

   LFS──Linux from Scratch,就是一種從網上直接下載源碼,從頭編譯LINUX的安裝方式。它不是發行版,就像是一個菜譜,告訴你到哪裏去買菜(下載源碼),怎麼把這些生東東( raw code) 做成符合本身口味的菜餚──個性化的linux,不僅僅是個性的桌面。
linux

準備工做:
c++

   下載LiveCD的ISO鏡像文件,在寫者的百度雲盤:點此下載LiveCD ,若是使用真機安裝能夠把ISO鏡像記錄到光盤上,固然這裏寫者使用的是VMware來安裝的,這樣能夠直接使用ISO鏡像了。bootstrap

   因爲製做過程比較漫長,特別在比較慢的機器上,因此建議給大點內存512便可;關於在製做過程當中重啓系統後恢復到工做狀態的方法在下面也有介紹。在製做過程當中若是做用的虛擬機建議在作的過程當中建立快照,特別是安裝gcc與glibc的時候。好了廢話很少說了,下面開始動工vim

安裝過程bash

   首先須要建立一個虛擬機,這裏不作介紹了相信各位博友都很熟悉了吧;建立好虛擬機將鏡像掛載到虛擬機;點Resume this virtual machine啓動虛擬機,因爲新建立的虛擬機沒有信息信息,會自動從光盤啓動,啓動過程當中會讓選擇時區信息,默認語言;以下:
網絡

啓動完成後就開始建立本身的Linux系統了,先介紹如下LiveCD下的兩個目錄less

/usr/share/LFS-BOOK-6.3-HTML目錄存放的是LFS手冊ide

/lfs-sources目錄存放的是製做LFS所須要的源碼包工具

磁盤分區:    詳細介紹點擊此處

執行些命令: fdisk /dev/sda 將會出現分區界面,具體分區將不作過多介紹,前面博文有詳細介紹分區;這裏寫者使用一個根分區和一個交換分區爲例;/dev/sda1爲交換分區,/dev/sda2爲根分區;分完區後並格式化磁盤

mkswap /dev/sda1
mkfs.ext3 /dev/sda2

格式化完交換分區使用 swapon激活交換分區    swapoff將激活的交換分區信用


建立LFS的工做目錄

export LFS=/mnt/lfs
mkdir -pv $LFS

註釋:"export LFS=/mnt/lfs"這條命令做用是爲了後面引用"工做目錄"的絕對路徑方便使用而設置的環境變量

######掛載LFS的工做目錄
mount /dev/hda2 $LFS

建立源代碼編譯使用的目錄並設置其屬性

mkdir -v $LFS/sources
chmod -v a+wt $LFS/sources

建立工具鏈目錄

mkdir -v $LFS/tools
ln -sv $LFS/tools /
註釋:-v選項會輸入連接信息

註釋:這樣連接是爲了在建立工具鏈和使用工具鏈建立目標系統的時候對於工具鏈的位置都是/tools,這樣可保證工具鏈的正常使用

建立LFS用戶並設置密碼

groupadd lfs
useradd -s /bin/bash -g lfs -m -k /dev/null lfs
passwd lfs

將tools與sources目錄的屬主改成lfs用戶,以便lfs用戶操做這兩個目錄;而後切換成lfs用戶

chown -v lfs $LFS/tools
chown -v lfs $LFS/sources
su - lfs
註釋:切換用戶後提示符由#變爲了$;其實不使用lfs用戶使用root用戶也能夠完成工具鏈的,不過須要對root的環境變量進行修改;爲防止意外錯誤因此使用lfs用戶來創建工具鏈

創建lfs用戶的環境

cat > ~/.bash_profile << "EOF"
exec env -i HOME=$HOME TERM=$TERM PS1='\u:\w\$ ' /bin/bash
EOF
cat > ~/.bashrc << "EOF"
set +h
umask 022
LFS=/mnt/lfs
LC_ALL=POSIX
PATH=/tools/bin:/bin:/usr/bin
export LFS LC_ALL PATH
EOF
source ~/.bash_profile

註釋:這裏使用bash的環境變量的設置文件將lfs的環境設置爲符合編譯工具鏈要求的最少的環境參數;這裏面最重要的就是PATH這個參數,目的是爲了可以利用工具鏈裏面的工具製做工具鏈查找到要使用的命令集


   下面咱們就能夠製做lfs了,不過製做lfs的過程是一個漫長的過程,須要很長時間才能搞定,因此要一直開機到編譯安裝完成幾乎不可能,特別是在計算機比較慢的狀況下;可以從新啓動到最後工做的狀態是很重要的。在不一樣的階段從新啓動並恢復狀態的步驟不徹底相同,因此本文會在不一樣的階段討論從新啓動恢復到工做狀態的方法和步驟。

一、從新啓動計算機,並從LiveCD啓動;由於在磁盤中已經有了信息,因此會從硬盤啓動,須要調整啓動次序爲第一啓動項爲光驅;

二、從LiveCD啓動過程與第一次啓動相同

######加載分區
  export LFS=/mnt/lfs
  mkdir -pv $LFS
  mount /dev/hda2 $LFS
######加載交換分區(若是不使用交換分區或者沒有交換分區可跳過此步驟)
  swapon /dev/hda1
  5.創建工具鏈的連接
  ln -sv $LFS/tools /
######建立lfs用戶並設置密碼
  groupadd lfs
  useradd -s /bin/bash -g lfs -m -k /dev/null lfs
  passwd lfs
  chown -v lfs $LFS/tools
  chown -v lfs $LFS/sources
  su - lfs
######設置lfs用戶的環境
  cat > ~/.bash_profile << "EOF"
  exec env -i HOME=$HOME TERM=$TERM PS1='\u:\w\$ ' /bin/bash
  EOF
  cat > ~/.bashrc << "EOF"
  set +h
  umask 022
  LFS=/mnt/lfs
  LC_ALL=POSIX
  PATH=/tools/bin:/bin:/usr/bin
  export LFS LC_ALL PATH
  EOF
  source ~/.bash_profile
######檢查環境變量
  export命令查看輸出,應該是
  declare -x HOME="/home/lfs"
  declare -x LC_ALL="POSIX"
  declare -x LFS="/mnt/lfs"
  declare -x OLDPWD
  declare -x PATH="/tools/bin:/bin:/usr/bin"
  declare -x PS1="\\u:\\w\\\$ "
  declare -x PWD="/home/lfs"
  declare -x SHLVL="1"
  declare -x TERM="linux"
######進入編譯目錄
  cd $LFS/sources
######到此基本上就恢復到工做狀態了


開始工具鏈的安裝製做

######進入LFS包編譯目錄
cd $LFS/sources

Binutils-2.17 - Pass 1

tar xvf /lfs-sources/binutils-2.17.tar.bz2
cd binutils-2.17

創建一個目錄,由於binutils建議使用空目錄編譯

mkdir -v ../binutils-build
cd ../binutils-build
CC="gcc -B/usr/bin/" ../binutils-2.17/configure --prefix=/tools --disable-nls --disable-werror
make
make install
make -C ld clean
make -C ld LIB_PATH=/tools/lib
cp -v ld/ld-new /tools/bin
cd ..
rm -rf binutils-build
rm -rf binutils-2.17

GCC-4.1.2 - Pass 1

tar xvf /lfs-sources/gcc-4.1.2.tar.bz2
mkdir -v gcc-build
cd gcc-build
CC="gcc -B/usr/bin/" ../gcc-4.1.2/configure --prefix=/tools \
    --with-local-prefix=/tools --disable-nls \
    --enable-shared --enable-languages=c
make bootstrap
make install
ln -vs gcc /tools/bin/cc
cd ..
rm -rf gcc-build
rm -rf gcc-4.1.2

註釋:這裏記得刪除gcc,若是不刪除能夠會給後面編譯安裝帶來意外錯誤

Linux-2.6.22.5 API Headers

tar xvf /lfs-sources/glibc-2.5.1.tar.bz2
cd glibc-2.5.1
mkdir -v ../glibc-build
cd ../glibc-build
../glibc-2.5.1/configure --prefix=/tools \
--disable-profile --enable-add-ons \
--enable-kernel=2.6.0 --with-binutils=/tools/bin \
--without-gd --with-headers=/tools/include \
--without-selinux
make
mkdir -v /tools/etc
touch /tools/etc/ld.so.conf
make install
cd ..
rm -rf glibc-build
rm -rf glibc-2.5.1

註釋:這裏"--enable-kernel=2.6.0",只是爲了說明版本,固然也能夠按照內容版本一字不差的寫

調整工具鏈

mv -v /tools/bin/{ld,ld-old}
mv -v /tools/$(gcc -dumpmachine)/bin/{ld,ld-old}
mv -v /tools/bin/{ld-new,ld}
ln -sv /tools/bin/ld /tools/$(gcc -dumpmachine)/bin/ld
gcc -dumpspecs | sed 's@^/lib/ld-linux.so.2@/tools&@g' > `dirname $(gcc -print-libgcc-file-name)`/specs
GCC_INCLUDEDIR=`dirname $(gcc -print-libgcc-file-name)`/include &&
find ${GCC_INCLUDEDIR}/* -maxdepth 0 -xtype d -exec rm -rvf '{}' \; &&
rm -vf `grep -l "DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE" ${GCC_INCLUDEDIR}/*` &&
unset GCC_INCLUDEDIR

註釋:工具鏈的調整方法有好幾種,並且不一樣版本GCC的specs可能會有不一樣,但實際上都是把specs文件中的/lib/ld-linux.so.2替換成了/tools/lib/ld-linux.so.2;固然也能夠直接用gcc -dumpspecs導出後手工直接編輯specs文件

測試調整的工具鏈

echo 'main(){}' > dummy.c
cc dummy.c
readelf -l a.out | grep 'tools'
若是輸出內容大體以下
[Requesting program interpreter: /tools/lib/ld-linux.so.2]
則表示調整成功,由於全部的庫已經鏈接到了/tools/lib下。
rm -rf a.out dummy.c

測試工具的安裝

Tcl-8.4.15 Expect-5.43.0 DejaGNU-1.4.4

tar xvf /lfs-sources/tcl8.4.15-src.tar.gz
cd tcl8.4.15/unix
./configure --prefix=/tools
make
make install
make install-private-headers
ln -sv tclsh8.4 /tools/bin/tclsh
cd $LFS/sources
tar xvf /lfs-sources/expect-5.43.0.tar.gz
cd expect-5.43
patch -Np1 -i /lfs-sources/expect-5.43.0-spawn-1.patch
cp configure{,.bak}
sed 's:/usr/local/bin:/bin:' configure.bak > configure
./configure --prefix=/tools --with-tcl=/tools/lib --with-tclinclude=/tools/include --with-x=no
make
make SCRIPTS="" install
cd $LFS/sources
tar xvf /lfs-sources/dejagnu-1.4.4.tar.gz
cd dejagnu-1.4.4
./configure --prefix=/tools
make install
cd ..
rm -rf tcl8.4.15
rm -rf expect-5.43
rm -rf dejagnu-1.4.4

註釋:安裝這三個工具是爲了後面源碼包編譯後作測試使用的,若是不打算作"make check"測試能夠不安裝

GCC-4.1.2 - Pass 2

tar xvf /lfs-sources/gcc-4.1.2.tar.bz2
cd gcc-4.1.2
cp -v gcc/Makefile.in{,.orig}
sed 's@\./fixinc\.sh@-c true@' gcc/Makefile.in.orig > gcc/Makefile.in
cp -v gcc/Makefile.in{,.tmp}
sed 's/^XCFLAGS =$/& -fomit-frame-pointer/' gcc/Makefile.in.tmp \
> gcc/Makefile.in
patch -Np1 -i /lfs-sources/gcc-4.1.2-specs-1.patch
mkdir -v ../gcc-build
cd ../gcc-build
../gcc-4.1.2/configure --prefix=/tools \
--with-local-prefix=/tools \
--enable-clocale=gnu --enable-shared \
--enable-threads=posix --enable-__cxa_atexit \
--enable-languages=c,c++ --disable-libstdcxx-pch
make
make install
cd ..
rm -rf gcc-build
rm -rf gcc-4.1.2

測試工具鏈的調整,肯定剛編譯的gcc能正確工做

echo 'main(){}' > dummy.c
cc dummy.c
readelf -l a.out | grep 'tools'
若是輸出內容大體以下
[Requesting program interpreter: /tools/lib/ld-linux.so.2]
則表示調整成功,由於全部的庫已經鏈接到了/tools/lib下。
rm -rf a.out dummy.c

Binutils-2.17 - Pass 2

tar xvf /lfs-sources/binutils-2.17.tar.bz2
mkdir -v binutils-build
cd binutils-build
../binutils-2.17/configure --prefix=/tools --disable-nls \
 --with-lib-path=/tools/lib
make
make install
make -C ld clean
make -C ld LIB_PATH=/usr/lib:/lib
cp -v ld/ld-new /tools/bin
cd ..
rm -rf binutils-build
rm -rf binutils-2.17

Ncurses-5.6

tar xvf /lfs-sources/ncurses-5.6.tar.gz
cd ncurses-5.6
./configure --prefix=/tools --with-shared --without-debug --without-ada --enable-overwrite
make
make install
cd ..
rm -rf ncurses-5.6

Bash-3.2

tar xvf /lfs-sources/bash-3.2.tar.gz
cd bash-3.2
patch -Np1 -i /lfs-sources/bash-3.2-fixes-5.patch
./configure --prefix=/tools --without-bash-malloc
make
make install
ln -vs bash /tools/bin/sh
cd ..
rm -rf bash-3.2

Bzip2-1.0.4

tar xvf /lfs-sources/bzip2-1.0.4.tar.gz
cd bzip2-1.0.4
make
make PREFIX=/tools install
cd ..
rm -rf bzip2-1.0.4

Coreutils-6.9

tar xvf /lfs-sources/coreutils-6.9.tar.bz2
cd coreutils-6.9
./configure --prefix=/tools
make
make install
cp -v src/su /tools/bin/su-tools
cd ..
rm -rf coreutils-6.9

Diffutils-2.8.1

tar xvf /lfs-sources/diffutils-2.8.1.tar.gz
cd diffutils-2.8.1
./configure --prefix=/tools
make
make install
cd ..
rm -rf diffutils-2.8.1

Findutils-4.2.31

tar xvf /lfs-sources/findutils-4.2.31.tar.gz
cd findutils-4.2.31
./configure --prefix=/tools
make
make install
cd ..
rm -rf findutils-4.2.31

Gawk-3.1.5

tar xvf /lfs-sources/gawk-3.1.5.tar.bz2
cd gawk-3.1.5
./configure --prefix=/tools
cat >> config.h << "EOF"
#define HAVE_LANGINFO_CODESET 1
#define HAVE_LC_MESSAGES 1
EOF
make
make install
cd ..
rm -rf gawk-3.1.5

Gettext-0.16.1

tar xvf /lfs-sources/gettext-0.16.1.tar.gz
cd gettext-0.16.1
cd gettext-tools
./configure --prefix=/tools --disable-shared
make -C gnulib-lib
make -C src msgfmt
cp -v src/msgfmt /tools/bin
cd $LFS/sources
rm -rf gettext-0.16.1

Grep-2.5.1a

tar xvf /lfs-sources/grep-2.5.1a.tar.bz2
cd grep-2.5.1a
./configure --prefix=/tools --disable-perl-regexp
make
make install
cd ..
rm -rf grep-2.5.1a

Gzip-1.3.12

tar xvf /lfs-sources/gzip-1.3.12.tar.gz
cd gzip-1.3.12
./configure --prefix=/tools
make
make install
cd ..
rm -rf gzip-1.3.12

Make-3.81

tar xvf /lfs-sources/make-3.81.tar.bz2
cd make-3.81
./configure --prefix=/tools
make
make install
cd ..
rm -rf make-3.81

Patch-2.5.4

tar xvf /lfs-sources/patch-2.5.4.tar.gz
cd patch-2.5.4
./configure --prefix=/tools
make
make install
cd ..
rm -rf patch-2.5.4

Perl-5.8.8

tar xvf /lfs-sources/perl-5.8.8.tar.bz2
cd perl-5.8.8
patch -Np1 -i /lfs-sources/perl-5.8.8-libc-2.patch
./configure.gnu --prefix=/tools -Dstatic_ext='Data/Dumper Fcntl IO POSIX'
make perl utilities
cp -v perl pod/pod2man /tools/bin
mkdir -pv /tools/lib/perl5/5.8.8
cp -Rv lib/* /tools/lib/perl5/5.8.8
cd ..
rm -rf perl-5.8.8

Sed-4.1.5

tar xvf /lfs-sources/sed-4.1.5.tar.gz
cd sed-4.1.5
./configure --prefix=/tools
make
make install
cd ..
rm -rf sed-4.1.5

Tar-1.18

tar xvf /lfs-sources/tar-1.18.tar.bz2
cd tar-1.18
./configure --prefix=/tools
make
make install
cd ..
rm -rf tar-1.18

Texinfo-4.9

tar xvf /lfs-sources/texinfo-4.9.tar.bz2
cd texinfo-4.9
./configure --prefix=/tools
make
make install
cd ..
rm -rf texinfo-4.9

Util-linux-2.12r

tar xvf /lfs-sources/util-linux-2.12r.tar.bz2
cd util-linux-2.12r
sed -i 's@/usr/include@/tools/include@g' configure
./configure
make -C lib
make -C mount mount umount
make -C text-utils more
cp -v mount/{,u}mount text-utils/more /tools/bin
cd ..
rm -rf util-linux-2.12r

Stripping

註釋:這步是無關緊要的,若是你打算從此還要用/tools裏面的東西,那麼能夠strip一下來減小佔用的磁盤空間,但若是作完目標系統後就刪除了,不Strip也能夠,反正最後也是要刪掉的

strip --strip-debug /tools/lib/*
strip --strip-unneeded /tools/{,s}bin/*

info和man手冊裏面的內容在製做過程當中也沒什麼用,也能夠刪除

rm -rf /tools/{info,man}

退出lfs用戶【這步不能少】

exit

註釋:到目前爲止,工具鏈已經制做完成了,接着就要開始製做真正的目標系統了,若是你目前爲止沒出什麼問題,那麼恭喜你成功的經過了一關,不過下面還有很長的路等待着你

如今使用的是root用戶,提示符又回到了"#"


從如今開始就不須要使用lfs用戶來製做系統了,所以咱們須要把工具鏈目錄屬性修改成root用戶

chown -R root:root $LFS/tools

建立三個系統使用的目錄

mkdir -pv $LFS/{dev,proc,sys}

建立兩個目標系統所必須的設備文件

mknod -m 600 $LFS/dev/console c 5 1
mknod -m 666 $LFS/dev/null c 1 3

到如今也許你已經作的很累了,是否是很想休息;從新開機後回到工做狀態的步驟

######從新啓動計算機,並從LiveCD啓動
######加載分區
  export LFS=/mnt/lfs
  mkdir -pv $LFS
  mount /dev/hda2 $LFS
######加載交換分區(若是不使用交換分區或者沒有交換分區可跳過此步驟)
  swapon /dev/hda1
註釋:這時已經制做好了工具鏈,所以能夠不用創建根目錄下的tools連接了

利用主系統加載幾個重要的文件系統,請注意這個步驟對於後面的工做極其重要

mount -v --bind /dev $LFS/dev
mount -vt devpts devpts $LFS/dev/pts
mount -vt tmpfs shm $LFS/dev/shm
mount -vt proc proc $LFS/proc
mount -vt sysfs sysfs $LFS/sys

註釋:mount命令加載的分區在從新啓動後就失效了,因此在這其中從新啓動則須要從新加載;

這裏爲了方便使用源碼包,我將光盤加載到目標系統裏
mkdir $LFS/cdrom
mount /dev/cdrom $LFS/cdrom
這個步驟不是必須的,若是你想使用,那麼在從新啓動後進入工做狀態的步驟中在相應的位置上加入

有一個更爲簡單的方法就是把源碼包複製到系統中;這步對於後面使用源碼安裝比較方便

cp -a /lfs-sources/* $LFS/sources/

Chroot到目標系統的目錄下,以便不受主系統的影響來製做目標系統

chroot "$LFS" /tools/bin/env -i \
HOME=/root TERM="$TERM" PS1='\u:\w\$ ' \
PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/tools/bin \
/tools/bin/bash --login +h

註釋:這個時候你的提示符會是「I have no name!」,沒有關係繼續咱們的工做很快就能夠正常了

若是這時你想關機或重啓,恢復到工做狀態的步驟以下:

######從新啓動計算機,並從LiveCD啓動
######加載分區
  export LFS=/mnt/lfs
  mkdir -pv $LFS
  mount /dev/hda2 $LFS
######加載交換分區(若是不使用交換分區或者沒有交換分區可跳過此步驟)
  swapon /dev/hda1
######加載必要的文件系統
  mount -v --bind /dev $LFS/dev
  mount -vt devpts devpts $LFS/dev/pts
  mount -vt tmpfs shm $LFS/dev/shm
  mount -vt proc proc $LFS/proc
  mount -vt sysfs sysfs $LFS/sys
######Chroot到目標系統下
  chroot "$LFS" /tools/bin/env -i \
  HOME=/root TERM="$TERM" PS1='\u:\w\$ ' \
   PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/tools/bin \
  /tools/bin/bash --login +h

創建目標系統的目錄結構    注意不要寫錯

mkdir -pv /{bin,boot,etc/opt,home,lib,mnt,opt}
mkdir -pv /{media/{floppy,cdrom},sbin,srv,var}
install -dv -m 0750 /root
install -dv -m 1777 /tmp /var/tmp
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}{bin,include,lib,sbin,src}
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{doc,info,locale,man}
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo}
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/man/man{1..8}
for dir in /usr /usr/local; do
ln -sv share/{man,doc,info} $dir
done
mkdir -pv /var/{lock,log,mail,run,spool}
mkdir -pv /var/{opt,cache,lib/{misc,locate},local}

建立幾個必要的連接,由於在目標系統的編譯過程當中,部分編譯程序會用絕對路徑來尋找命令或文件

ln -sv /tools/bin/{bash,cat,echo,grep,pwd,stty} /bin
ln -sv /tools/bin/perl /usr/bin
ln -sv /tools/lib/libgcc_s.so{,.1} /usr/lib
ln -sv /tools/lib/libstdc++.so{,.6} /usr/lib
ln -sv bash /bin/sh
touch /etc/mtab

建立root及nobody用戶和組

cat > /etc/passwd << "EOF"
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
nobody:x:99:99:Unprivileged User:/dev/null:/bin/false
EOF
cat > /etc/group << "EOF"
root:x:0:
bin:x:1:
sys:x:2:
kmem:x:3:
tty:x:4:
tape:x:5:
daemon:x:6:
floppy:x:7:
disk:x:8:
lp:x:9:
dialout:x:10:
audio:x:11:
video:x:12:
utmp:x:13:
usb:x:14:
cdrom:x:15:
mail:x:34:
nogroup:x:99:
EOF

從新加載bash,以使root用戶起效,這樣前面的提示符就不會是「I have no name!」

exec /tools/bin/bash --login +h

建立和設置幾個臨時文件和日誌文件

touch /var/run/utmp /var/log/{btmp,lastlog,wtmp}
chgrp -v utmp /var/run/utmp /var/log/lastlog
chmod -v 664 /var/run/utmp /var/log/lastlog

到目前爲止,建立目標系統的準備工做以基本完成,下面就要開始目標系統的軟件包安裝了


進入到源碼目錄下

cd /sources

(前面已經將LFS須要的源碼包加載到了/cdrom下,所以後面的命令將從/cdrom/lfs-sources目錄下解出,若是你將源碼包直接複製到了sources目錄下或別的什麼目錄下,則要相應的修改下面的命令)

export LFS=/cdrom/lfs-sources

若是以前是將全部源碼包複製到sources下的,則執行

export LFS=/sources

這時你若是想關機或重啓系統,恢復到工做狀態步驟以下:

######從新啓動計算機,並從LiveCD啓動
######加載分區
  export LFS=/mnt/lfs
  mkdir -pv $LFS
  mount /dev/hda2 $LFS
######加載交換分區(若是不使用交換分區或者沒有交換分區可跳過此步驟)
  swapon /dev/hda1
######加載必要的文件系統
  mount -v --bind /dev $LFS/dev
  mount -vt devpts devpts $LFS/dev/pts
  mount -vt tmpfs shm $LFS/dev/shm
  mount -vt proc proc $LFS/proc
  mount -vt sysfs sysfs $LFS/sys
######Chroot到目標系統下
  chroot "$LFS" /tools/bin/env -i \
  HOME=/root TERM="$TERM" PS1='\u:\w\$ ' \
   PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/tools/bin \
  /bin/bash --login +h
######進入編譯目錄
  cd /sources
  export LFS=/sources

Linux-2.6.22.5

tar xvf $LFS/linux-2.6.22.5.tar.bz2
cd linux-2.6.22.5
sed -i '/scsi/d' include/Kbuild
make mrproper
make headers_check
make INSTALL_HDR_PATH=dest headers_install
cp -rv dest/include/* /usr/include
cd ..
rm -rf linux-2.6.22.5

Man-pages-2.63

tar xvf $LFS/man-pages-2.63.tar.bz2
cd man-pages-2.63
make install
cd ..
rm -rf man-pages-2.63

Glibc-2.5.1

注意:在安裝以前檢查是否glibc-2.5.1和glibc-build這兩個目錄已經被刪除,若是沒有刪除請刪除後在繼續;安裝時請注意不要寫錯

tar xvf $LFS/glibc-2.5.1.tar.bz2
cd glibc-2.5.1
tar -xvf $LFS/glibc-libidn-2.5.1.tar.gz
mv glibc-libidn-2.5.1 libidn
sed -i '/vi_VN.TCVN/d' localedata/SUPPORTED
sed -i \
's|libs -o|libs -L/usr/lib -Wl,-dynamic-linker=/lib/ld-linux.so.2 -o|' \
   scripts/test-installation.pl
sed -i 's|@BASH@|/bin/bash|' elf/ldd.bash.in
mkdir -v ../glibc-build
cd ../glibc-build
../glibc-2.5.1/configure --prefix=/usr \
--disable-profile --enable-add-ons \
--enable-kernel=2.6.0 --libexecdir=/usr/lib/glibc
make
make -k check 2>&1 | tee glibc-check-log
grep Error glibc-check-log
touch /etc/ld.so.conf
make install
make localedata/install-locales

註釋:make localedata/install-locales將安裝所有的locale,若是你不想裝這麼多locale的話就用localedef命令來安裝,LFS手冊上有例子,若是僅想加入中文的locale,就用

mkdir -pv /usr/lib/locale
localedef -i zh_CN -f GB18030 zh_CN
localedef -i zh_CN -f GBK zh_CN
localedef -i zh_CN -f UTF-8 zh_CN
localedef -i zh_CN -f GB2312 zh_CN
localedef -i zh_HK -f UTF-8 zh_CN
localedef -i zh_HK -f BIG5-HKSCS zh_CN
localedef -i zh_TW -f EUC-TW zh_CN
localedef -i zh_TW -f UTF-8 zh_CN
localedef -i zh_TW -f BIG5 zh_CN

創建幾個系統重要文件

cat > /etc/nsswitch.conf << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/nsswitch.conf
passwd: files
group: files
shadow: files
hosts: files dns
networks: files
protocols: files
services: files
ethers: files
rpc: files
# End /etc/nsswitch.conf
EOF
cp -v --remove-destination /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
cat > /etc/ld.so.conf << "EOF"
/usr/local/lib
/opt/lib
EOF

刪除編譯安裝目錄

cd ..
rm -rf glibc-build
rm -rf glibc-2.5.1

注意:glibc的測試比較容易出現錯誤,好比機器慢就有可能出現超時的錯誤,還有一些能引發錯誤的LFS手冊上有所說起,像超時這種錯誤有時候很難避免,就跳過去吧

調整工具鏈

mv -v /tools/bin/{ld,ld-old}
mv -v /tools/$(gcc -dumpmachine)/bin/{ld,ld-old}
mv -v /tools/bin/{ld-new,ld}
ln -sv /tools/bin/ld /tools/$(gcc -dumpmachine)/bin/ld

調整specs文件

gcc -dumpspecs | sed \
-e 's@/tools/lib/ld-linux.so.2@/lib/ld-linux.so.2@g' \
-e '/\*startfile_prefix_spec:/{n;s@.*@/usr/lib/ @}' \
-e '/\*cpp:/{n;s@$@ -isystem /usr/include@}' > \
`dirname $(gcc --print-libgcc-file-name)`/specs

測試工具鏈是否被調整成功

echo 'main(){}' > dummy.c
cc dummy.c -v -Wl,--verbose &> dummy.log
readelf -l a.out | grep '/lib'
若是顯示[Requesting program interpreter: /lib/ld-linux.so.2]表示調整成功,動態庫已經鏈接到了目標系統的/lib下。
grep -o '/usr/lib.*/crt[1in].*succeeded' dummy.log
應該顯示
  /usr/lib/crt1.o succeeded
  /usr/lib/crti.o succeeded
  /usr/lib/crtn.o succeeded
grep -B1 '^ /usr/include' dummy.log
應該顯示
  #include <...> search starts here:
   /usr/include
grep 'SEARCH.*/usr/lib' dummy.log |sed 's|; |\n|g'
應該顯示
  SEARCH_DIR("/tools/i686-pc-linux-gnu/lib")
  SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib")
  SEARCH_DIR("/lib");
grep "/lib/libc.so.6 " dummy.log
應該顯示
  attempt to open /lib/libc.so.6 succeeded
grep found dummy.log
應該顯示
  found ld-linux.so.2 at /lib/ld-linux.so.2
若是上面均顯示正常,那麼代表工具鏈調整成功,能夠刪除測試文件了
rm -v dummy.c a.out dummy.log

Binutils-2.17

tar xvf $LFS/binutils-2.17.tar.bz2
mkdir binutils-build
cd binutils-build
../binutils-2.17/configure --prefix=/usr --enable-shared
make tooldir=/usr

測試:

make check

注意:這裏測試統計可能會出現個別失敗

make tooldir=/usr install
cp -v ../binutils-2.17/include/libiberty.h /usr/include
cd ..
rm -rf binutils-build
rm -rf binutils-2.17

GCC-4.1.2

tar xvf $LFS/gcc-4.1.2.tar.bz2
cd gcc-4.1.2
sed -i 's/install_to_$(INSTALL_DEST) //' libiberty/Makefile.in
sed -i 's/^XCFLAGS =$/& -fomit-frame-pointer/' gcc/Makefile.in
sed -i 's@\./fixinc\.sh@-c true@' gcc/Makefile.in
sed -i 's/@have_mktemp_command@/yes/' gcc/gccbug.in
mkdir -v ../gcc-build
cd ../gcc-build
../gcc-4.1.2/configure --prefix=/usr \
--libexecdir=/usr/lib --enable-shared \
--enable-threads=posix --enable-__cxa_atexit \
--enable-clocale=gnu --enable-languages=c,c++
make

測試:

make -k check

注意:這裏check時間比較長,可能會發生一些錯誤

make install
ln -sv ../usr/bin/cpp /lib
ln -sv gcc /usr/bin/cc
cd ..
rm -rf gcc-build
rm -rf gcc-4.1.2

測試工具鏈是否正確,肯定GCC是否安裝正確

echo 'main(){}' > dummy.c
cc dummy.c -v -Wl,--verbose &> dummy.log
readelf -l a.out | grep 'lib'
若是顯示[Requesting program interpreter: /lib/ld-linux.so.2]表示連接位置正確,動態庫已經鏈接到了目標系統的/lib下。
grep -o '/usr/lib.*/crt[1in].*succeeded' dummy.log
應該顯示
  /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.1.2/../../../crt1.o succeeded
  /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.1.2/../../../crti.o succeeded
  /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.1.2/../../../crtn.o succeeded
grep -B3 '^ /usr/include' dummy.log
應該顯示
  #include <...> search starts here:
   /usr/local/include
   /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.1.2/include
   /usr/include
grep 'SEARCH.*/usr/lib' dummy.log |sed 's|; |\n|g'
應該顯示
  SEARCH_DIR("/usr/i686-pc-linux-gnu/lib")
  SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib")
  SEARCH_DIR("/lib")
  SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib");
grep "/lib/libc.so.6 " dummy.log
應該顯示
  attempt to open /lib/libc.so.6 succeeded
grep found dummy.log
應該顯示
  found ld-linux.so.2 at /lib/ld-linux.so.2
若是上面均顯示正常,那麼代表工具鏈正常,能夠刪除測試文件了
rm -v dummy.c a.out dummy.log

Berkeley DB-4.5.20

tar xvf $LFS/db-4.5.20.tar.gz
cd db-4.5.20
patch -Np1 -i $LFS/db-4.5.20-fixes-1.patch
cd build_unix
../dist/configure --prefix=/usr --enable-compat185 --enable-cxx
make
make docdir=/usr/share/doc/db-4.5.20 install
chown -Rv root:root /usr/share/doc/db-4.5.20
cd /sources
rm -rf db-4.5.20

Sed-4.1.5

tar xvf $LFS/sed-4.1.5.tar.gz
cd sed-4.1.5
./configure --prefix=/usr --bindir=/bin --enable-html
make

測試:

make check

這裏check不會出錯

make install
cd ..
rm -rf sed-4.1.5

E2fsprogs-1.40.2

tar xvf $LFS/e2fsprogs-1.40.2.tar.gz
cd e2fsprogs-1.40.2
sed -i -e 's@/bin/rm@/tools&@' lib/blkid/test_probe.in
mkdir -v build
cd build
../configure --prefix=/usr --with-root-prefix="" \
--enable-elf-shlibs
make

測試:

make check

這裏check不會出錯

make install
make install-libs
cd ../..
rm -rf e2fsprogs-1.40.2

Coreutils-6.9

tar xvf $LFS/coreutils-6.9.tar.bz2
cd coreutils-6.9
patch -Np1 -i $LFS/coreutils-6.9-uname-1.patch
patch -Np1 -i $LFS/coreutils-6.9-suppress_uptime_kill_su-1.patch
patch -Np1 -i $LFS/coreutils-6.9-i18n-1.patch
chmod +x tests/sort/sort-mb-tests
./configure --prefix=/usr
make

測試:

make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=nobody check-root
echo "dummy:x:1000:nobody" >> /etc/group
su-tools nobody -s /bin/bash -c "make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"

這個測試就能正常結束,刪除測試用數據

sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/group
make install
mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date,dd,df,echo} /bin
mv -v /usr/bin/{false,hostname,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,readlink,rm} /bin
mv -v /usr/bin/{rmdir,stty,sync,true,uname} /bin
mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin
mv -v /usr/bin/{head,sleep,nice} /bin
cd ..
rm -rf coreutils-6.9

Iana-Etc-2.20

tar xvf $LFS/iana-etc-2.20.tar.bz2
cd iana-etc-2.20
make
make install
cd ..
rm -rf iana-etc-2.20

M4-1.4.10

tar xvf $LFS/m4-1.4.10.tar.bz2
cd m4-1.4.10
./configure --prefix=/usr
make

測試:

make check

這裏測試不會出錯

make install
cd ..
rm -rf m4-1.4.10

Bison-2.3

tar xvf $LFS/bison-2.3.tar.bz2
cd bison-2.3
./configure --prefix=/usr
echo '#define YYENABLE_NLS 1' >> config.h
make

測試:

make check

這裏檢測不會出錯

make install
cd ..
rm -rf bison-2.3

Ncurses-5.6

tar xvf $LFS/ncurses-5.6.tar.gz
cd ncurses-5.6
patch -Np1 -i $LFS/ncurses-5.6-coverity_fixes-1.patch
./configure --prefix=/usr --with-shared --without-debug --enable-widec
make
make install
chmod -v 644 /usr/lib/libncurses++w.a
mv -v /usr/lib/libncursesw.so.5* /lib
ln -sfv ../../lib/libncursesw.so.5 /usr/lib/libncursesw.so
for lib in curses ncurses form panel menu ; do \
rm -vf /usr/lib/lib${lib}.so ; \
echo "INPUT(-l${lib}w)" >/usr/lib/lib${lib}.so ; \
ln -sfv lib${lib}w.a /usr/lib/lib${lib}.a ; \
done
ln -sfv libncurses++w.a /usr/lib/libncurses++.a
rm -vf /usr/lib/libcursesw.so
echo "INPUT(-lncursesw)" >/usr/lib/libcursesw.so
ln -sfv libncurses.so /usr/lib/libcurses.so
ln -sfv libncursesw.a /usr/lib/libcursesw.a
ln -sfv libncurses.a /usr/lib/libcurses.a
cd ..
rm -rf ncurses-5.6

Procps-3.2.7

tar xvf $LFS/procps-3.2.7.tar.gz
cd procps-3.2.7
make
make install
cd ..
rm -rf procps-3.2.7

Libtool-1.5.24

tar xvf $LFS/libtool-1.5.24.tar.gz
cd libtool-1.5.24
./configure --prefix=/usr
make

測試:

make check

這裏測試不會出錯

make install
cd ..
rm -rf libtool-1.5.24

Perl-5.8.8

tar xvf $LFS/perl-5.8.8.tar.bz2
cd perl-5.8.8
echo "127.0.0.1 localhost $(hostname)" > /etc/hosts
./configure.gnu --prefix=/usr \
   -Dman1dir=/usr/share/man/man1 \
   -Dman3dir=/usr/share/man/man3 \
   -Dpager="/usr/bin/less -isR"
make

測試:

make test

這裏測試不會出錯

make install
cd ..
rm -rf perl-5.8.8

Readline-5.2

tar xvf $LFS/readline-5.2.tar.gz
cd readline-5.2
sed -i '/MV.*old/d' Makefile.in
sed -i '/{OLDSUFF}/c:' support/shlib-install
patch -Np1 -i $LFS/readline-5.2-fixes-3.patch
./configure --prefix=/usr --libdir=/lib
make SHLIB_XLDFLAGS=-lncurses
make install
mv -v /lib/lib{readline,history}.a /usr/lib
rm -v /lib/lib{readline,history}.so
ln -sfv ../../lib/libreadline.so.5 /usr/lib/libreadline.so
ln -sfv ../../lib/libhistory.so.5 /usr/lib/libhistory.so
cd ..
rm -rf readline-5.2

Zlib-1.2.3

tar xvf $LFS/zlib-1.2.3.tar.gz
cd zlib-1.2.3
./configure --prefix=/usr --shared --libdir=/lib
make

測試動態連接庫

make check

這裏測試不會出錯

make install
rm -v /lib/libz.so
ln -sfv ../../lib/libz.so.1.2.3 /usr/lib/libz.so
make clean
./configure --prefix=/usr
make

測試靜態庫

make echeck

這裏測試不會出錯

make install
chmod -v 644 /usr/lib/libz.a
cd ..
rm -rf zlib-1.2.3

Autoconf-2.61

tar xvf $LFS/autoconf-2.61.tar.bz2
cd autoconf-2.61
./configure --prefix=/usr
make

測試:

make check

這裏測試時間比較長,但不會出錯

make install
cd ..
rm -rf autoconf-2.61

Automake-1.10

tar xvf $LFS/automake-1.10.tar.bz2
cd automake-1.10
./configure --prefix=/usr
make

測試:

make check

這裏測試時間比較長,可能會有3個測試失敗,但能順利結束

make install
cd ..
rm -rf automake-1.10

Bash-3.2

tar xvf $LFS/bash-3.2.tar.gz
cd bash-3.2
tar -xvf $LFS/bash-doc-3.2.tar.gz &&
sed -i "s|htmldir = @htmldir@|htmldir = /usr/share/doc/bash-3.2|" Makefile.in
patch -Np1 -i $LFS/bash-3.2-fixes-5.patch
./configure --prefix=/usr --bindir=/bin --without-bash-malloc --with-installed-readline
make

測試:

sed -i 's/LANG/LC_ALL/' tests/intl.tests
sed -i 's@tests@& </dev/tty@' tests/run-test
chown -Rv nobody ./
su-tools nobody -s /bin/bash -c "make tests"

這裏測試不會出錯,但會有警告信息

make install
cd ..
rm -rf bash-3.2

應用剛編譯安裝好的"/bin/bash"

exec /bin/bash --login +h

Bzip2-1.0.4

tar xvf $LFS/bzip2-1.0.4.tar.gz
cd bzip2-1.0.4
patch -Np1 -i $LFS/bzip2-1.0.4-install_docs-1.patch
make -f Makefile-libbz2_so
make clean
make
make PREFIX=/usr install
cp -v bzip2-shared /bin/bzip2
cp -av libbz2.so* /lib
ln -sv ../../lib/libbz2.so.1.0 /usr/lib/libbz2.so
rm -v /usr/bin/{bunzip2,bzcat,bzip2}
ln -sv bzip2 /bin/bunzip2
ln -sv bzip2 /bin/bzcat
cd ..
rm -rf bzip2-1.0.4

Diffutils-2.8.1

tar xvf $LFS/diffutils-2.8.1.tar.gz
cd diffutils-2.8.1
patch -Np1 -i $LFS/diffutils-2.8.1-i18n-1.patch
touch man/diff.1
./configure --prefix=/usr
make
make install
cd ..
rm -rf diffutils-2.8.1

File-4.21

tar xvf $LFS/file-4.21.tar.gz
cd file-4.21
./configure --prefix=/usr
make
make install
cd ..
rm -rf file-4.21

Findutils-4.2.31

tar xvf $LFS/findutils-4.2.31.tar.gz
cd findutils-4.2.31
./configure --prefix=/usr --libexecdir=/usr/lib/findutils \
--localstatedir=/var/lib/locate
make

測試:

make check

這裏測試不會出錯

make install
mv -v /usr/bin/find /bin
sed -i -e 's/find:=${BINDIR}/find:=\/bin/' /usr/bin/updatedb
cd ..
rm -rf findutils-4.2.31

Flex-2.5.33

tar xvf $LFS/flex-2.5.33.tar.bz2
cd flex-2.5.33
./configure --prefix=/usr
make

測試:

make check

這裏測試不會出錯

make install
ln -sv libfl.a /usr/lib/libl.a

建立一個lex命令

cat > /usr/bin/lex << "EOF"
#!/bin/sh
# Begin /usr/bin/lex
exec /usr/bin/flex -l "$@"
# End /usr/bin/lex
EOF
chmod -v 755 /usr/bin/lex
cd ..
rm -rf flex-2.5.33

GRUB-0.97

tar xvf $LFS/grub-0.97.tar.gz
cd grub-0.97
patch -Np1 -i $LFS/grub-0.97-disk_geometry-1.patch
./configure --prefix=/usr
make

測試:

make check

這裏測試不會出錯

make install
mkdir -v /boot/grub
cp -v /usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/stage{1,2} /boot/grub
cd ..
rm -rf grub-0.97

Gawk-3.1.5

tar xvf $LFS/gawk-3.1.5.tar.bz2
cd gawk-3.1.5
patch -Np1 -i $LFS/gawk-3.1.5-segfault_fix-1.patch
./configure --prefix=/usr --libexecdir=/usr/lib
cat >> config.h << "EOF"
#define HAVE_LANGINFO_CODESET 1
#define HAVE_LC_MESSAGES 1
EOF
make

測試:

make check

這裏測試不會出錯

make install
cd ..
rm -rf gawk-3.1.5

Gettext-0.16.1

tar xvf $LFS/gettext-0.16.1.tar.gz
cd gettext-0.16.1
./configure --prefix=/usr
make

測試:

make check

這裏檢測的時間比較長,但不會出錯

make install
cd ..
rm -rf gettext-0.16.1

Grep-2.5.1a

tar xvf $LFS/grep-2.5.1a.tar.bz2
cd grep-2.5.1a
patch -Np1 -i $LFS/grep-2.5.1a-redhat_fixes-2.patch
chmod +x tests/fmbtest.sh
./configure --prefix=/usr --bindir=/bin
make

測試:

make check

這裏測試不會出錯

make install
cd ..
rm -rf grep-2.5.1a

Groff-1.18.1.4

tar xvf $LFS/groff-1.18.1.4.tar.gz
cd groff-1.18.1.4
patch -Np1 -i $LFS/groff-1.18.1.4-debian_fixes-1.patch
sed -i -e 's/2010/002D/' -e 's/2212/002D/' \
-e 's/2018/0060/' -e 's/2019/0027/' font/devutf8/R.proto
PAGE=A4 ./configure --prefix=/usr --enable-multibyte
make
make install
ln -sv eqn /usr/bin/geqn
ln -sv tbl /usr/bin/gtbl
cd ..
rm -rf groff-1.18.1.4

Gzip-1.3.12

tar xvf $LFS/gzip-1.3.12.tar.gz
cd gzip-1.3.12
./configure --prefix=/usr --bindir=/bin
make

測試:

make check

這裏測試不會出錯

make install
mv -v /bin/{gzexe,uncompress,zcmp,zdiff,zegrep} /usr/bin
mv -v /bin/{zfgrep,zforce,zgrep,zless,zmore,znew} /usr/bin
cd ..
rm -rf gzip-1.3.12

Inetutils-1.5

tar xvf $LFS/inetutils-1.5.tar.gz
cd inetutils-1.5
patch -Np1 -i $LFS/inetutils-1.5-no_server_man_pages-2.patch
./configure --prefix=/usr --libexecdir=/usr/sbin \
--sysconfdir=/etc --localstatedir=/var \
--disable-ifconfig --disable-logger --disable-syslogd \
--disable-whois --disable-servers
make
make install
mv -v /usr/bin/ping /bin
cd ..
rm -rf inetutils-1.5

IPRoute2-2.6.20-070313

tar xvf $LFS/iproute2-2.6.20-070313.tar.bz2
cd iproute-2.6.20-070313
sed -i -e '/tc-bfifo.8/d' -e '/tc-pfifo.8/s/pbfifo/bfifo/' Makefile
make SBINDIR=/sbin
make SBINDIR=/sbin install
mv -v /sbin/arpd /usr/sbin
cd ..
rm -rf iproute-2.6.20-070313

Kbd-1.12

tar xvf $LFS/kbd-1.12.tar.bz2
cd kbd-1.12
patch -Np1 -i $LFS/kbd-1.12-backspace-1.patch
patch -Np1 -i $LFS/kbd-1.12-gcc4_fixes-1.patch
./configure --datadir=/lib/kbd
make
make install
mv -v /usr/bin/{kbd_mode,openvt,setfont} /bin
cd ..
rm -rf kbd-1.12

Less-406

tar xvf $LFS/less-406.tar.gz
cd less-406
./configure --prefix=/usr --sysconfdir=/etc
make
make install
cd ..
rm -rf less-406

Make-3.81

tar xvf $LFS/make-3.81.tar.bz2
cd make-3.81
./configure --prefix=/usr
make

測試:

make check

這裏測試不會出錯

make install
cd ..
rm -rf make-3.81

Man-DB-2.4.4

tar xvf $LFS/man-db-2.4.4.tar.gz
cd man-db-2.4.4
mv man/de{_DE.88591,}
mv man/es{_ES.88591,}
mv man/it{_IT.88591,}
sed -i 's,\*_\*,??,' man/Makefile.in
sed -i -e '\%\t/usr/man%d' -e '\%\t/usr/local/man%d' src/man_db.conf.in
cat >> include/manconfig.h.in << "EOF"
#define WEB_BROWSER "exec /usr/bin/lynx"
#define COL "/usr/bin/col"
#define VGRIND "/usr/bin/vgrind"
#define GRAP "/usr/bin/grap"
EOF
patch -Np1 -i $LFS/man-db-2.4.4-fixes-1.patch
./configure --prefix=/usr --enable-mb-groff --disable-setuid
make
make install

建立一個用於轉換man手冊編碼的腳本

cat >> convert-mans << "EOF"
#!/bin/sh -e
FROM="$1"
TO="$2"
shift ; shift
while [ $# -gt 0 ]
do
   FILE="$1"
   shift
   iconv -f "$FROM" -t "$TO" "$FILE" >.tmp.iconv
   mv .tmp.iconv "$FILE"
done
EOF
install -m755 convert-mans  /usr/bin
cd ..
rm -rf man-db-2.4.4

Mktemp-1.5

tar xvf $LFS/mktemp-1.5.tar.gz
cd mktemp-1.5
patch -Np1 -i $LFS/mktemp-1.5-add_tempfile-3.patch
./configure --prefix=/usr --with-libc
make
make install
make install-tempfile
cd ..
rm -rf mktemp-1.5

Module-Init-Tools-3.2.2

tar xvf $LFS/module-init-tools-3.2.2.tar.bz2
cd module-init-tools-3.2.2
patch -Np1 -i $LFS/module-init-tools-3.2.2-modprobe-1.patch
./configure
make check
make distclean
./configure --prefix=/ --enable-zlib
make
make INSTALL=install install
cd ..
rm -rf module-init-tools-3.2.2

Patch-2.5.4

tar xvf $LFS/patch-2.5.4.tar.gz
cd patch-2.5.4
./configure --prefix=/usr
make
make install
cd ..
rm -rf patch-2.5.4

Psmisc-22.5

tar xvf $LFS/psmisc-22.5.tar.gz
cd psmisc-22.5
./configure --prefix=/usr --exec-prefix=""
make
make install
mv -v /bin/pstree* /usr/bin
ln -sv killall /bin/pidof
cd ..
rm -rf psmisc-22.5

Shadow-4.0.18.1

tar xvf $LFS/shadow-4.0.18.1.tar.bz2
cd shadow-4.0.18.1
patch -Np1 -i $LFS/shadow-4.0.18.1-useradd_fix-2.patch
./configure --libdir=/lib --sysconfdir=/etc --enable-shared --without-selinux
sed -i 's/groups$(EXEEXT) //' src/Makefile
find man -name Makefile -exec sed -i 's/groups\.1 / /' {} \;
sed -i -e 's@#MD5_CRYPT_ENAB.no@MD5_CRYPT_ENAB yes@' \
-e 's@/var/spool/mail@/var/mail@' etc/login.defs
make
make install
mv -v /usr/bin/passwd /bin
mv -v /lib/libshadow.*a /usr/lib
rm -v /lib/libshadow.so
ln -sfv ../../lib/libshadow.so.0 /usr/lib/libshadow.so

配置增長用戶的默認設置

pwconv
grpconv
useradd -D -b /home
sed -i 's/yes/no/' /etc/default/useradd

設置root用戶密碼;必定要設置root的密碼,不然從新啓動後沒法登錄

passwd root
cd ..
rm -rf shadow-4.0.18.1

Sysklogd-1.4.1

tar xvf $LFS/sysklogd-1.4.1.tar.gz
cd sysklogd-1.4.1
patch -Np1 -i $LFS/sysklogd-1.4.1-fixes-2.patch
patch -Np1 -i $LFS/sysklogd-1.4.1-8bit-1.patch
make
make install

設置syslog的配置文件

cat > /etc/syslog.conf << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/syslog.conf
auth,authpriv.* -/var/log/auth.log
*.*;auth,authpriv.none -/var/log/sys.log
daemon.* -/var/log/daemon.log
kern.* -/var/log/kern.log
mail.* -/var/log/mail.log
user.* -/var/log/user.log
*.emerg *
# End /etc/syslog.conf
EOF
cd ..
rm -rf sysklogd-1.4.1

Sysvinit-2.86

tar xvf $LFS/sysvinit-2.86.tar.gz
cd sysvinit-2.86
sed -i 's@Sending processes@& configured via /etc/inittab@g' src/init.c
make -C src
make -C src install

設置啓動配置文件

cat > /etc/inittab << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/inittab
id:3:initdefault:
si::sysinit:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc sysinit
l0:0:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 0
l1:S1:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 1
l2:2:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 2
l3:3:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 3
l4:4:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 4
l5:5:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 5
l6:6:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 6
ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now
su:S016:once:/sbin/sulogin
1:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty1 9600
2:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty2 9600
3:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty3 9600
4:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty4 9600
5:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty5 9600
6:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty6 9600
# End /etc/inittab
EOF
cd ..
rm -rf sysvinit-2.86

Tar-1.18

tar xvf $LFS/tar-1.18.tar.bz2
cd tar-1.18
./configure --prefix=/usr --bindir=/bin --libexecdir=/usr/sbin
make

測試:

make check
######這裏測試能經過
make install
cd ..
rm -rf tar-1.18

Texinfo-4.9

tar xvf $LFS/texinfo-4.9.tar.bz2
cd texinfo-4.9
patch -Np1 -i $LFS/texinfo-4.9-multibyte-1.patch
patch -Np1 -i $LFS/texinfo-4.9-tempfile_fix-1.patch
./configure --prefix=/usr
make

測試:

make check
######這裏測試錯
make install
make TEXMF=/usr/share/texmf install-tex
cd /usr/share/info
rm dir
for f in *
do install-info $f dir 2>/dev/null
done
cd /sources
rm -rf texinfo-4.9

Udev-113

tar xvf $LFS/udev-113.tar.bz2
cd udev-113
tar -xvf $LFS/udev-config-6.3.tar.bz2
install -dv /lib/{firmware,udev/devices/{pts,shm}}
mknod -m0666 /lib/udev/devices/null c 1 3
ln -sv /proc/self/fd /lib/udev/devices/fd
ln -sv /proc/self/fd/0 /lib/udev/devices/stdin
ln -sv /proc/self/fd/1 /lib/udev/devices/stdout
ln -sv /proc/self/fd/2 /lib/udev/devices/stderr
ln -sv /proc/kcore /lib/udev/devices/core
make EXTRAS="`echo extras/*/`"

測試:

make test
這裏測試可能有錯誤,沒必要理會。
make DESTDIR=/ EXTRAS="`echo extras/*/`" install
cp -v etc/udev/rules.d/[0-9]* /etc/udev/rules.d/
cd udev-config-6.3
make install
make install-doc
make install-extra-doc
cd ..
install -m644 -v docs/writing_udev_rules/index.html \
/usr/share/doc/udev-113/index.html
cd ..
rm -rf udev-113

Util-linux-2.12r

tar xvf $LFS/util-linux-2.12r.tar.bz2
cd util-linux-2.12r
sed -e 's@etc/adjtime@var/lib/hwclock/adjtime@g' \
-i $(grep -rl '/etc/adjtime' .)
mkdir -pv /var/lib/hwclock
patch -Np1 -i $LFS/util-linux-2.12r-cramfs-1.patch
patch -Np1 -i $LFS/util-linux-2.12r-lseek-1.patch
./configure
make HAVE_KILL=yes HAVE_SLN=yes
make HAVE_KILL=yes HAVE_SLN=yes install
cd ..
rm -rf util-linux-2.12r

Vim-7.1

tar xvf $LFS/vim-7.1.tar.bz2
tar xvf $LFS/vim-7.1-lang.tar.gz
cd vim71
patch -Np1 -i $LFS/vim-7.1-fixes-1.patch
patch -Np1 -i $LFS/vim-7.1-mandir-1.patch
echo '#define SYS_VIMRC_FILE "/etc/vimrc"' >> src/feature.h
./configure --prefix=/usr --enable-multibyte
make

測試:

make test
這裏測試可能會有個別錯誤
make install
ln -sv vim /usr/bin/vi
for L in "" fr it pl ru; do
ln -sv vim.1 /usr/share/man/$L/man1/vi.1
done
ln -sv ../vim/vim71/doc /usr/share/doc/vim-7.1

創建vim的默認配置文件

cat > /etc/vimrc << "EOF"
" Begin /etc/vimrc
set nocompatible
set backspace=2
syntax on
if (&term == "iterm") || (&term == "putty")
set background=dark
endif
" End /etc/vimrc
EOF
cd ..
rm -rf vim71

退出chroot環境

logout

爲Strip而進入chroot環境

chroot $LFS /tools/bin/env -i \
HOME=/root TERM=$TERM PS1='\u:\w\$ ' \
PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin \
/tools/bin/bash --login

此時若是想關機或重啓系統,恢復到工做狀態步驟

######從新啓動計算機,並從LiveCD啓動
######加載分區
  export LFS=/mnt/lfs
  mkdir -pv $LFS
  mount /dev/hda2 $LFS
######加載交換分區(若是不想用交換分區或者沒有交換分區可跳過此步驟)
  swapon /dev/hda1
######加載必要的文件系統
  mount -v --bind /dev $LFS/dev
  mount -vt devpts devpts $LFS/dev/pts
  mount -vt tmpfs shm $LFS/dev/shm
  mount -vt proc proc $LFS/proc
  mount -vt sysfs sysfs $LFS/sys
######Chroot到目標系統下
  chroot "$LFS" /tools/bin/env -i \
  HOME=/root TERM="$TERM" PS1='\u:\w\$ ' \
   PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin \
  /tools/bin/bash --login

Strip

/tools/bin/find /{,usr/}{bin,lib,sbin} -type f \
-exec /tools/bin/strip --strip-debug '{}' ';'

退出chroot環境

logout

爲最後的設置進入chroot環境

chroot "$LFS" /usr/bin/env -i \
HOME=/root TERM="$TERM" PS1='\u:\w\$ ' \
PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin \
/bin/bash --login
cd /sources
export LFS=/sources

今後時到一直製做結束,從新開機回到工做狀態步驟

######從新啓動計算機,並從LiveCD啓動
######加載分區
  export LFS=/mnt/lfs
  mkdir -pv $LFS
  mount /dev/hda2 $LFS
######加載交換分區(若是不用交換分區或者沒有交換分區可跳過此步驟)
  swapon /dev/hda1
######加載必要的文件系統
  mount -v --bind /dev $LFS/dev
  mount -vt devpts devpts $LFS/dev/pts
  mount -vt tmpfs shm $LFS/dev/shm
  mount -vt proc proc $LFS/proc
  mount -vt sysfs sysfs $LFS/sys
######Chroot到目標系統下
  chroot "$LFS" /usr/bin/env -i \
  HOME=/root TERM="$TERM" PS1='\u:\w\$ ' \
   PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin \
  /bin/bash --login
######進入編譯目錄
  cd /sources
  export LFS=/sources

LFS-Bootscripts-6.3

tar xvf $LFS/lfs-bootscripts-6.3.tar.bz2
cd lfs-bootscripts-6.3
make install
cd ..
rm -rf lfs-bootscripts-6.3

時間設置(Configuring the setclock Script)

cat > /etc/sysconfig/clock << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/sysconfig/clock
UTC=1
# End /etc/sysconfig/clock
EOF

設置bash下的鍵盤功能鍵設置

cat > /etc/inputrc << "EOF"
set horizontal-scroll-mode Off
set meta-flag On
set input-meta On
set convert-meta Off
set output-meta On
set bell-style none
"\eOd": backward-word
"\eOc": forward-word
"\e[1~": beginning-of-line
"\e[4~": end-of-line
"\e[5~": beginning-of-history
"\e[6~": end-of-history
"\e[3~": delete-char
"\e[2~": quoted-insert
"\eOH": beginning-of-line
"\eOF": end-of-line
"\e[H": beginning-of-line
"\e[F": end-of-line
EOF

設置Bash Shell啓動文件(The Bash Shell Startup Files)

cat > /etc/profile << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/profile
export LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8
export INPUTRC=/etc/inputrc
alias ls="ls --color"
export PS1='\u:\w\$ '
# End /etc/profile
EOF

設置本地網絡名

echo "HOSTNAME=mylinux" > /etc/sysconfig/network

設置hosts文件

cat > /etc/hosts << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/hosts (no network card version)
127.0.0.1 mylinux localhost
# End /etc/hosts (no network card version)
EOF

設置網絡的靜態地址

cd /etc/sysconfig/network-devices &&
mkdir -v ifconfig.eth0 &&
cat > ifconfig.eth0/ipv4 << "EOF"
ONBOOT=yes
SERVICE=ipv4-static
IP=192.168.1.1
GATEWAY=192.168.1.2
PREFIX=24
BROADCAST=192.168.1.255
EOF

設置DNS

cat > /etc/resolv.conf << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 你的首個DNS的地址
nameserver 你的第二DNS的地址
# End /etc/resolv.conf
EOF

創建fstab文件

cat > /etc/fstab << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/fstab
# file system  mount-point  type   options         dump  fsck
#                                                        order
/dev/sda2       /            ext3  defaults        1     1
/dev/sda1       swap         swap   pri=1           0     0
proc              /proc        proc   defaults        0     0
sysfs             /sys         sysfs  defaults        0     0
devpts          /dev/pts     devpts gid=4,mode=620  0     0
shm              /dev/shm     tmpfs  defaults        0     0
# End /etc/fstab
EOF

安裝內核Linux-2.6.22.5

cd /sources
tar xvf $LFS/linux-2.6.22.5.tar.bz2
cd linux-2.6.22.5
make mrproper
make menuconfig

編譯支持SCSI磁盤驅動Device Drivers->SCSI device support->SCSI low-level drivers下加入BusLogic SCSI support的支持,能夠採用編譯到內核來避免未用initrd腳原本加載模塊而致使啓動失敗

若是想支持網絡則應該在Device Drivers->Networking support->Ethernet (10 or 100Mbit)加入AMD PCnet32 PCI support的支持,能夠採用編譯到內核也能夠編譯成模塊的方式

文件系統的支持,須要根據以前將目標系統分區格式化的狀況而定,使用了什麼文件系統就須要加入該文件系統的支持,因以前採用的是ext3文件系統,所以在File Systems->Ext3 journalling file system support加入ext3的支持,能夠採用編譯到內核來避免未用initrd腳原本加載模塊而致使啓動失敗

保存並退出;安裝內核

make
make modules_install
cp -v arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/lfskernel-2.6.22.5
cp -v System.map /boot/System.map-2.6.22.5
cp -v .config /boot/config-2.6.22.5
install -d /usr/share/doc/linux-2.6.22.5
cp -r Documentation/* /usr/share/doc/linux-2.6.22.5

安裝Grub,使系統能啓動,這裏設置須要根據狀況而修改,這裏以以前介紹的分區設置爲例

grub
輸入root (hd0,0)
輸入setup (hd0)
quit

設置grub啓動菜單

cat > /boot/grub/menu.lst << "EOF"
# Begin /boot/grub/menu.lst
# By default boot the first menu entry.
default 0
timeout 5
color green/black light-green/black
title ALLEN_LFS 6.3
root (hd0,0)
kernel /boot/lfskernel-2.6.22.5 root=/dev/sda1
EOF
注意:這裏root後面磁盤根據實際狀況進行調整

將menu.lst鏈接到/etc目錄下

mkdir -v /etc/grub
ln -sv /boot/grub/menu.lst /etc/grub

退出製做環境

logout

已經成功安裝完成LFS系統,能夠從新啓動運行系統了!!!

能夠正常登陸到系統,到此已經徹底安裝成功,想必博友們也喜歡挑戰吧,那就趕快動手吧!!!

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