LFS簡介html
LFS──Linux from Scratch,就是一種從網上直接下載源碼,從頭編譯LINUX的安裝方式。它不是發行版,就像是一個菜譜,告訴你到哪裏去買菜(下載源碼),怎麼把這些生東東( raw code) 做成符合本身口味的菜餚──個性化的linux,不僅僅是個性的桌面。
linux
準備工做:
c++
下載LiveCD的ISO鏡像文件,在寫者的百度雲盤:點此下載LiveCD ,若是使用真機安裝能夠把ISO鏡像記錄到光盤上,固然這裏寫者使用的是VMware來安裝的,這樣能夠直接使用ISO鏡像了。bootstrap
因爲製做過程比較漫長,特別在比較慢的機器上,因此建議給大點內存512便可;關於在製做過程當中重啓系統後恢復到工做狀態的方法在下面也有介紹。在製做過程當中若是做用的虛擬機建議在作的過程當中建立快照,特別是安裝gcc與glibc的時候。好了廢話很少說了,下面開始動工vim
安裝過程bash
首先須要建立一個虛擬機,這裏不作介紹了相信各位博友都很熟悉了吧;建立好虛擬機將鏡像掛載到虛擬機;點Resume this virtual machine啓動虛擬機,因爲新建立的虛擬機沒有信息信息,會自動從光盤啓動,啓動過程當中會讓選擇時區信息,默認語言;以下:
網絡
啓動完成後就開始建立本身的Linux系統了,先介紹如下LiveCD下的兩個目錄less
/usr/share/LFS-BOOK-6.3-HTML目錄存放的是LFS手冊ide
/lfs-sources目錄存放的是製做LFS所須要的源碼包工具
磁盤分區: 詳細介紹點擊此處
執行些命令: fdisk /dev/sda 將會出現分區界面,具體分區將不作過多介紹,前面博文有詳細介紹分區;這裏寫者使用一個根分區和一個交換分區爲例;/dev/sda1爲交換分區,/dev/sda2爲根分區;分完區後並格式化磁盤
mkswap /dev/sda1 mkfs.ext3 /dev/sda2
格式化完交換分區使用 swapon激活交換分區 swapoff將激活的交換分區信用
建立LFS的工做目錄
export LFS=/mnt/lfs mkdir -pv $LFS
註釋:"export LFS=/mnt/lfs"這條命令做用是爲了後面引用"工做目錄"的絕對路徑方便使用而設置的環境變量
######掛載LFS的工做目錄 mount /dev/hda2 $LFS
建立源代碼編譯使用的目錄並設置其屬性
mkdir -v $LFS/sources chmod -v a+wt $LFS/sources
建立工具鏈目錄
mkdir -v $LFS/tools ln -sv $LFS/tools / 註釋:-v選項會輸入連接信息
註釋:這樣連接是爲了在建立工具鏈和使用工具鏈建立目標系統的時候對於工具鏈的位置都是/tools,這樣可保證工具鏈的正常使用
建立LFS用戶並設置密碼
groupadd lfs useradd -s /bin/bash -g lfs -m -k /dev/null lfs passwd lfs
將tools與sources目錄的屬主改成lfs用戶,以便lfs用戶操做這兩個目錄;而後切換成lfs用戶
chown -v lfs $LFS/tools chown -v lfs $LFS/sources su - lfs 註釋:切換用戶後提示符由#變爲了$;其實不使用lfs用戶使用root用戶也能夠完成工具鏈的,不過須要對root的環境變量進行修改;爲防止意外錯誤因此使用lfs用戶來創建工具鏈
創建lfs用戶的環境
cat > ~/.bash_profile << "EOF" exec env -i HOME=$HOME TERM=$TERM PS1='\u:\w\$ ' /bin/bash EOF cat > ~/.bashrc << "EOF" set +h umask 022 LFS=/mnt/lfs LC_ALL=POSIX PATH=/tools/bin:/bin:/usr/bin export LFS LC_ALL PATH EOF source ~/.bash_profile
註釋:這裏使用bash的環境變量的設置文件將lfs的環境設置爲符合編譯工具鏈要求的最少的環境參數;這裏面最重要的就是PATH這個參數,目的是爲了可以利用工具鏈裏面的工具製做工具鏈查找到要使用的命令集
下面咱們就能夠製做lfs了,不過製做lfs的過程是一個漫長的過程,須要很長時間才能搞定,因此要一直開機到編譯安裝完成幾乎不可能,特別是在計算機比較慢的狀況下;可以從新啓動到最後工做的狀態是很重要的。在不一樣的階段從新啓動並恢復狀態的步驟不徹底相同,因此本文會在不一樣的階段討論從新啓動恢復到工做狀態的方法和步驟。
一、從新啓動計算機,並從LiveCD啓動;由於在磁盤中已經有了信息,因此會從硬盤啓動,須要調整啓動次序爲第一啓動項爲光驅;
二、從LiveCD啓動過程與第一次啓動相同
######加載分區 export LFS=/mnt/lfs mkdir -pv $LFS mount /dev/hda2 $LFS ######加載交換分區(若是不使用交換分區或者沒有交換分區可跳過此步驟) swapon /dev/hda1 5.創建工具鏈的連接 ln -sv $LFS/tools / ######建立lfs用戶並設置密碼 groupadd lfs useradd -s /bin/bash -g lfs -m -k /dev/null lfs passwd lfs chown -v lfs $LFS/tools chown -v lfs $LFS/sources su - lfs ######設置lfs用戶的環境 cat > ~/.bash_profile << "EOF" exec env -i HOME=$HOME TERM=$TERM PS1='\u:\w\$ ' /bin/bash EOF cat > ~/.bashrc << "EOF" set +h umask 022 LFS=/mnt/lfs LC_ALL=POSIX PATH=/tools/bin:/bin:/usr/bin export LFS LC_ALL PATH EOF source ~/.bash_profile ######檢查環境變量 export命令查看輸出,應該是 declare -x HOME="/home/lfs" declare -x LC_ALL="POSIX" declare -x LFS="/mnt/lfs" declare -x OLDPWD declare -x PATH="/tools/bin:/bin:/usr/bin" declare -x PS1="\\u:\\w\\\$ " declare -x PWD="/home/lfs" declare -x SHLVL="1" declare -x TERM="linux" ######進入編譯目錄 cd $LFS/sources ######到此基本上就恢復到工做狀態了
開始工具鏈的安裝製做
######進入LFS包編譯目錄 cd $LFS/sources
Binutils-2.17 - Pass 1
tar xvf /lfs-sources/binutils-2.17.tar.bz2 cd binutils-2.17
創建一個目錄,由於binutils建議使用空目錄編譯
mkdir -v ../binutils-build cd ../binutils-build CC="gcc -B/usr/bin/" ../binutils-2.17/configure --prefix=/tools --disable-nls --disable-werror make make install make -C ld clean make -C ld LIB_PATH=/tools/lib cp -v ld/ld-new /tools/bin cd .. rm -rf binutils-build rm -rf binutils-2.17
GCC-4.1.2 - Pass 1
tar xvf /lfs-sources/gcc-4.1.2.tar.bz2 mkdir -v gcc-build cd gcc-build CC="gcc -B/usr/bin/" ../gcc-4.1.2/configure --prefix=/tools \ --with-local-prefix=/tools --disable-nls \ --enable-shared --enable-languages=c make bootstrap make install ln -vs gcc /tools/bin/cc cd .. rm -rf gcc-build rm -rf gcc-4.1.2
註釋:這裏記得刪除gcc,若是不刪除能夠會給後面編譯安裝帶來意外錯誤
Linux-2.6.22.5 API Headers
tar xvf /lfs-sources/glibc-2.5.1.tar.bz2 cd glibc-2.5.1 mkdir -v ../glibc-build cd ../glibc-build ../glibc-2.5.1/configure --prefix=/tools \ --disable-profile --enable-add-ons \ --enable-kernel=2.6.0 --with-binutils=/tools/bin \ --without-gd --with-headers=/tools/include \ --without-selinux make mkdir -v /tools/etc touch /tools/etc/ld.so.conf make install cd .. rm -rf glibc-build rm -rf glibc-2.5.1
註釋:這裏"--enable-kernel=2.6.0",只是爲了說明版本,固然也能夠按照內容版本一字不差的寫
調整工具鏈
mv -v /tools/bin/{ld,ld-old} mv -v /tools/$(gcc -dumpmachine)/bin/{ld,ld-old} mv -v /tools/bin/{ld-new,ld} ln -sv /tools/bin/ld /tools/$(gcc -dumpmachine)/bin/ld gcc -dumpspecs | sed 's@^/lib/ld-linux.so.2@/tools&@g' > `dirname $(gcc -print-libgcc-file-name)`/specs GCC_INCLUDEDIR=`dirname $(gcc -print-libgcc-file-name)`/include && find ${GCC_INCLUDEDIR}/* -maxdepth 0 -xtype d -exec rm -rvf '{}' \; && rm -vf `grep -l "DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE" ${GCC_INCLUDEDIR}/*` && unset GCC_INCLUDEDIR
註釋:工具鏈的調整方法有好幾種,並且不一樣版本GCC的specs可能會有不一樣,但實際上都是把specs文件中的/lib/ld-linux.so.2替換成了/tools/lib/ld-linux.so.2;固然也能夠直接用gcc -dumpspecs導出後手工直接編輯specs文件
測試調整的工具鏈
echo 'main(){}' > dummy.c cc dummy.c readelf -l a.out | grep 'tools' 若是輸出內容大體以下 [Requesting program interpreter: /tools/lib/ld-linux.so.2] 則表示調整成功,由於全部的庫已經鏈接到了/tools/lib下。 rm -rf a.out dummy.c
測試工具的安裝
Tcl-8.4.15 Expect-5.43.0 DejaGNU-1.4.4
tar xvf /lfs-sources/tcl8.4.15-src.tar.gz cd tcl8.4.15/unix ./configure --prefix=/tools make make install make install-private-headers ln -sv tclsh8.4 /tools/bin/tclsh cd $LFS/sources tar xvf /lfs-sources/expect-5.43.0.tar.gz cd expect-5.43 patch -Np1 -i /lfs-sources/expect-5.43.0-spawn-1.patch cp configure{,.bak} sed 's:/usr/local/bin:/bin:' configure.bak > configure ./configure --prefix=/tools --with-tcl=/tools/lib --with-tclinclude=/tools/include --with-x=no make make SCRIPTS="" install cd $LFS/sources tar xvf /lfs-sources/dejagnu-1.4.4.tar.gz cd dejagnu-1.4.4 ./configure --prefix=/tools make install cd .. rm -rf tcl8.4.15 rm -rf expect-5.43 rm -rf dejagnu-1.4.4
註釋:安裝這三個工具是爲了後面源碼包編譯後作測試使用的,若是不打算作"make check"測試能夠不安裝
GCC-4.1.2 - Pass 2
tar xvf /lfs-sources/gcc-4.1.2.tar.bz2 cd gcc-4.1.2 cp -v gcc/Makefile.in{,.orig} sed 's@\./fixinc\.sh@-c true@' gcc/Makefile.in.orig > gcc/Makefile.in cp -v gcc/Makefile.in{,.tmp} sed 's/^XCFLAGS =$/& -fomit-frame-pointer/' gcc/Makefile.in.tmp \ > gcc/Makefile.in patch -Np1 -i /lfs-sources/gcc-4.1.2-specs-1.patch mkdir -v ../gcc-build cd ../gcc-build ../gcc-4.1.2/configure --prefix=/tools \ --with-local-prefix=/tools \ --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-shared \ --enable-threads=posix --enable-__cxa_atexit \ --enable-languages=c,c++ --disable-libstdcxx-pch make make install cd .. rm -rf gcc-build rm -rf gcc-4.1.2
測試工具鏈的調整,肯定剛編譯的gcc能正確工做
echo 'main(){}' > dummy.c cc dummy.c readelf -l a.out | grep 'tools' 若是輸出內容大體以下 [Requesting program interpreter: /tools/lib/ld-linux.so.2] 則表示調整成功,由於全部的庫已經鏈接到了/tools/lib下。 rm -rf a.out dummy.c
Binutils-2.17 - Pass 2
tar xvf /lfs-sources/binutils-2.17.tar.bz2 mkdir -v binutils-build cd binutils-build ../binutils-2.17/configure --prefix=/tools --disable-nls \ --with-lib-path=/tools/lib make make install make -C ld clean make -C ld LIB_PATH=/usr/lib:/lib cp -v ld/ld-new /tools/bin cd .. rm -rf binutils-build rm -rf binutils-2.17
Ncurses-5.6
tar xvf /lfs-sources/ncurses-5.6.tar.gz cd ncurses-5.6 ./configure --prefix=/tools --with-shared --without-debug --without-ada --enable-overwrite make make install cd .. rm -rf ncurses-5.6
Bash-3.2
tar xvf /lfs-sources/bash-3.2.tar.gz cd bash-3.2 patch -Np1 -i /lfs-sources/bash-3.2-fixes-5.patch ./configure --prefix=/tools --without-bash-malloc make make install ln -vs bash /tools/bin/sh cd .. rm -rf bash-3.2
Bzip2-1.0.4
tar xvf /lfs-sources/bzip2-1.0.4.tar.gz cd bzip2-1.0.4 make make PREFIX=/tools install cd .. rm -rf bzip2-1.0.4
Coreutils-6.9
tar xvf /lfs-sources/coreutils-6.9.tar.bz2 cd coreutils-6.9 ./configure --prefix=/tools make make install cp -v src/su /tools/bin/su-tools cd .. rm -rf coreutils-6.9
Diffutils-2.8.1
tar xvf /lfs-sources/diffutils-2.8.1.tar.gz cd diffutils-2.8.1 ./configure --prefix=/tools make make install cd .. rm -rf diffutils-2.8.1
Findutils-4.2.31
tar xvf /lfs-sources/findutils-4.2.31.tar.gz cd findutils-4.2.31 ./configure --prefix=/tools make make install cd .. rm -rf findutils-4.2.31
Gawk-3.1.5
tar xvf /lfs-sources/gawk-3.1.5.tar.bz2 cd gawk-3.1.5 ./configure --prefix=/tools cat >> config.h << "EOF" #define HAVE_LANGINFO_CODESET 1 #define HAVE_LC_MESSAGES 1 EOF make make install cd .. rm -rf gawk-3.1.5
Gettext-0.16.1
tar xvf /lfs-sources/gettext-0.16.1.tar.gz cd gettext-0.16.1 cd gettext-tools ./configure --prefix=/tools --disable-shared make -C gnulib-lib make -C src msgfmt cp -v src/msgfmt /tools/bin cd $LFS/sources rm -rf gettext-0.16.1
Grep-2.5.1a
tar xvf /lfs-sources/grep-2.5.1a.tar.bz2 cd grep-2.5.1a ./configure --prefix=/tools --disable-perl-regexp make make install cd .. rm -rf grep-2.5.1a
Gzip-1.3.12
tar xvf /lfs-sources/gzip-1.3.12.tar.gz cd gzip-1.3.12 ./configure --prefix=/tools make make install cd .. rm -rf gzip-1.3.12
Make-3.81
tar xvf /lfs-sources/make-3.81.tar.bz2 cd make-3.81 ./configure --prefix=/tools make make install cd .. rm -rf make-3.81
Patch-2.5.4
tar xvf /lfs-sources/patch-2.5.4.tar.gz cd patch-2.5.4 ./configure --prefix=/tools make make install cd .. rm -rf patch-2.5.4
Perl-5.8.8
tar xvf /lfs-sources/perl-5.8.8.tar.bz2 cd perl-5.8.8 patch -Np1 -i /lfs-sources/perl-5.8.8-libc-2.patch ./configure.gnu --prefix=/tools -Dstatic_ext='Data/Dumper Fcntl IO POSIX' make perl utilities cp -v perl pod/pod2man /tools/bin mkdir -pv /tools/lib/perl5/5.8.8 cp -Rv lib/* /tools/lib/perl5/5.8.8 cd .. rm -rf perl-5.8.8
Sed-4.1.5
tar xvf /lfs-sources/sed-4.1.5.tar.gz cd sed-4.1.5 ./configure --prefix=/tools make make install cd .. rm -rf sed-4.1.5
Tar-1.18
tar xvf /lfs-sources/tar-1.18.tar.bz2 cd tar-1.18 ./configure --prefix=/tools make make install cd .. rm -rf tar-1.18
Texinfo-4.9
tar xvf /lfs-sources/texinfo-4.9.tar.bz2 cd texinfo-4.9 ./configure --prefix=/tools make make install cd .. rm -rf texinfo-4.9
Util-linux-2.12r
tar xvf /lfs-sources/util-linux-2.12r.tar.bz2 cd util-linux-2.12r sed -i 's@/usr/include@/tools/include@g' configure ./configure make -C lib make -C mount mount umount make -C text-utils more cp -v mount/{,u}mount text-utils/more /tools/bin cd .. rm -rf util-linux-2.12r
Stripping
註釋:這步是無關緊要的,若是你打算從此還要用/tools裏面的東西,那麼能夠strip一下來減小佔用的磁盤空間,但若是作完目標系統後就刪除了,不Strip也能夠,反正最後也是要刪掉的
strip --strip-debug /tools/lib/* strip --strip-unneeded /tools/{,s}bin/*
info和man手冊裏面的內容在製做過程當中也沒什麼用,也能夠刪除
rm -rf /tools/{info,man}
退出lfs用戶【這步不能少】
exit
註釋:到目前爲止,工具鏈已經制做完成了,接着就要開始製做真正的目標系統了,若是你目前爲止沒出什麼問題,那麼恭喜你成功的經過了一關,不過下面還有很長的路等待着你
如今使用的是root用戶,提示符又回到了"#"
從如今開始就不須要使用lfs用戶來製做系統了,所以咱們須要把工具鏈目錄屬性修改成root用戶
chown -R root:root $LFS/tools
建立三個系統使用的目錄
mkdir -pv $LFS/{dev,proc,sys}
建立兩個目標系統所必須的設備文件
mknod -m 600 $LFS/dev/console c 5 1 mknod -m 666 $LFS/dev/null c 1 3
到如今也許你已經作的很累了,是否是很想休息;從新開機後回到工做狀態的步驟
######從新啓動計算機,並從LiveCD啓動 ######加載分區 export LFS=/mnt/lfs mkdir -pv $LFS mount /dev/hda2 $LFS ######加載交換分區(若是不使用交換分區或者沒有交換分區可跳過此步驟) swapon /dev/hda1 註釋:這時已經制做好了工具鏈,所以能夠不用創建根目錄下的tools連接了
利用主系統加載幾個重要的文件系統,請注意這個步驟對於後面的工做極其重要
mount -v --bind /dev $LFS/dev mount -vt devpts devpts $LFS/dev/pts mount -vt tmpfs shm $LFS/dev/shm mount -vt proc proc $LFS/proc mount -vt sysfs sysfs $LFS/sys
註釋:mount命令加載的分區在從新啓動後就失效了,因此在這其中從新啓動則須要從新加載;
這裏爲了方便使用源碼包,我將光盤加載到目標系統裏
mkdir $LFS/cdrom
mount /dev/cdrom $LFS/cdrom
這個步驟不是必須的,若是你想使用,那麼在從新啓動後進入工做狀態的步驟中在相應的位置上加入
有一個更爲簡單的方法就是把源碼包複製到系統中;這步對於後面使用源碼安裝比較方便
cp -a /lfs-sources/* $LFS/sources/
Chroot到目標系統的目錄下,以便不受主系統的影響來製做目標系統
chroot "$LFS" /tools/bin/env -i \ HOME=/root TERM="$TERM" PS1='\u:\w\$ ' \ PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/tools/bin \ /tools/bin/bash --login +h
註釋:這個時候你的提示符會是「I have no name!」,沒有關係繼續咱們的工做很快就能夠正常了
若是這時你想關機或重啓,恢復到工做狀態的步驟以下:
######從新啓動計算機,並從LiveCD啓動 ######加載分區 export LFS=/mnt/lfs mkdir -pv $LFS mount /dev/hda2 $LFS ######加載交換分區(若是不使用交換分區或者沒有交換分區可跳過此步驟) swapon /dev/hda1 ######加載必要的文件系統 mount -v --bind /dev $LFS/dev mount -vt devpts devpts $LFS/dev/pts mount -vt tmpfs shm $LFS/dev/shm mount -vt proc proc $LFS/proc mount -vt sysfs sysfs $LFS/sys ######Chroot到目標系統下 chroot "$LFS" /tools/bin/env -i \ HOME=/root TERM="$TERM" PS1='\u:\w\$ ' \ PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/tools/bin \ /tools/bin/bash --login +h
創建目標系統的目錄結構 注意不要寫錯
mkdir -pv /{bin,boot,etc/opt,home,lib,mnt,opt} mkdir -pv /{media/{floppy,cdrom},sbin,srv,var} install -dv -m 0750 /root install -dv -m 1777 /tmp /var/tmp mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}{bin,include,lib,sbin,src} mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{doc,info,locale,man} mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo} mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/man/man{1..8} for dir in /usr /usr/local; do ln -sv share/{man,doc,info} $dir done mkdir -pv /var/{lock,log,mail,run,spool} mkdir -pv /var/{opt,cache,lib/{misc,locate},local}
建立幾個必要的連接,由於在目標系統的編譯過程當中,部分編譯程序會用絕對路徑來尋找命令或文件
ln -sv /tools/bin/{bash,cat,echo,grep,pwd,stty} /bin ln -sv /tools/bin/perl /usr/bin ln -sv /tools/lib/libgcc_s.so{,.1} /usr/lib ln -sv /tools/lib/libstdc++.so{,.6} /usr/lib ln -sv bash /bin/sh touch /etc/mtab
建立root及nobody用戶和組
cat > /etc/passwd << "EOF" root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash nobody:x:99:99:Unprivileged User:/dev/null:/bin/false EOF cat > /etc/group << "EOF" root:x:0: bin:x:1: sys:x:2: kmem:x:3: tty:x:4: tape:x:5: daemon:x:6: floppy:x:7: disk:x:8: lp:x:9: dialout:x:10: audio:x:11: video:x:12: utmp:x:13: usb:x:14: cdrom:x:15: mail:x:34: nogroup:x:99: EOF
從新加載bash,以使root用戶起效,這樣前面的提示符就不會是「I have no name!」
exec /tools/bin/bash --login +h
建立和設置幾個臨時文件和日誌文件
touch /var/run/utmp /var/log/{btmp,lastlog,wtmp} chgrp -v utmp /var/run/utmp /var/log/lastlog chmod -v 664 /var/run/utmp /var/log/lastlog
到目前爲止,建立目標系統的準備工做以基本完成,下面就要開始目標系統的軟件包安裝了
進入到源碼目錄下
cd /sources
(前面已經將LFS須要的源碼包加載到了/cdrom下,所以後面的命令將從/cdrom/lfs-sources目錄下解出,若是你將源碼包直接複製到了sources目錄下或別的什麼目錄下,則要相應的修改下面的命令)
export LFS=/cdrom/lfs-sources
若是以前是將全部源碼包複製到sources下的,則執行
export LFS=/sources
這時你若是想關機或重啓系統,恢復到工做狀態步驟以下:
######從新啓動計算機,並從LiveCD啓動 ######加載分區 export LFS=/mnt/lfs mkdir -pv $LFS mount /dev/hda2 $LFS ######加載交換分區(若是不使用交換分區或者沒有交換分區可跳過此步驟) swapon /dev/hda1 ######加載必要的文件系統 mount -v --bind /dev $LFS/dev mount -vt devpts devpts $LFS/dev/pts mount -vt tmpfs shm $LFS/dev/shm mount -vt proc proc $LFS/proc mount -vt sysfs sysfs $LFS/sys ######Chroot到目標系統下 chroot "$LFS" /tools/bin/env -i \ HOME=/root TERM="$TERM" PS1='\u:\w\$ ' \ PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/tools/bin \ /bin/bash --login +h ######進入編譯目錄 cd /sources export LFS=/sources
Linux-2.6.22.5
tar xvf $LFS/linux-2.6.22.5.tar.bz2 cd linux-2.6.22.5 sed -i '/scsi/d' include/Kbuild make mrproper make headers_check make INSTALL_HDR_PATH=dest headers_install cp -rv dest/include/* /usr/include cd .. rm -rf linux-2.6.22.5
Man-pages-2.63
tar xvf $LFS/man-pages-2.63.tar.bz2 cd man-pages-2.63 make install cd .. rm -rf man-pages-2.63
Glibc-2.5.1
注意:在安裝以前檢查是否glibc-2.5.1和glibc-build這兩個目錄已經被刪除,若是沒有刪除請刪除後在繼續;安裝時請注意不要寫錯
tar xvf $LFS/glibc-2.5.1.tar.bz2 cd glibc-2.5.1 tar -xvf $LFS/glibc-libidn-2.5.1.tar.gz mv glibc-libidn-2.5.1 libidn sed -i '/vi_VN.TCVN/d' localedata/SUPPORTED sed -i \ 's|libs -o|libs -L/usr/lib -Wl,-dynamic-linker=/lib/ld-linux.so.2 -o|' \ scripts/test-installation.pl sed -i 's|@BASH@|/bin/bash|' elf/ldd.bash.in mkdir -v ../glibc-build cd ../glibc-build ../glibc-2.5.1/configure --prefix=/usr \ --disable-profile --enable-add-ons \ --enable-kernel=2.6.0 --libexecdir=/usr/lib/glibc make make -k check 2>&1 | tee glibc-check-log grep Error glibc-check-log touch /etc/ld.so.conf make install make localedata/install-locales
註釋:make localedata/install-locales將安裝所有的locale,若是你不想裝這麼多locale的話就用localedef命令來安裝,LFS手冊上有例子,若是僅想加入中文的locale,就用
mkdir -pv /usr/lib/locale localedef -i zh_CN -f GB18030 zh_CN localedef -i zh_CN -f GBK zh_CN localedef -i zh_CN -f UTF-8 zh_CN localedef -i zh_CN -f GB2312 zh_CN localedef -i zh_HK -f UTF-8 zh_CN localedef -i zh_HK -f BIG5-HKSCS zh_CN localedef -i zh_TW -f EUC-TW zh_CN localedef -i zh_TW -f UTF-8 zh_CN localedef -i zh_TW -f BIG5 zh_CN
創建幾個系統重要文件
cat > /etc/nsswitch.conf << "EOF" # Begin /etc/nsswitch.conf passwd: files group: files shadow: files hosts: files dns networks: files protocols: files services: files ethers: files rpc: files # End /etc/nsswitch.conf EOF cp -v --remove-destination /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime cat > /etc/ld.so.conf << "EOF" /usr/local/lib /opt/lib EOF
刪除編譯安裝目錄
cd .. rm -rf glibc-build rm -rf glibc-2.5.1
注意:glibc的測試比較容易出現錯誤,好比機器慢就有可能出現超時的錯誤,還有一些能引發錯誤的LFS手冊上有所說起,像超時這種錯誤有時候很難避免,就跳過去吧
調整工具鏈
mv -v /tools/bin/{ld,ld-old} mv -v /tools/$(gcc -dumpmachine)/bin/{ld,ld-old} mv -v /tools/bin/{ld-new,ld} ln -sv /tools/bin/ld /tools/$(gcc -dumpmachine)/bin/ld
調整specs文件
gcc -dumpspecs | sed \ -e 's@/tools/lib/ld-linux.so.2@/lib/ld-linux.so.2@g' \ -e '/\*startfile_prefix_spec:/{n;s@.*@/usr/lib/ @}' \ -e '/\*cpp:/{n;s@$@ -isystem /usr/include@}' > \ `dirname $(gcc --print-libgcc-file-name)`/specs
測試工具鏈是否被調整成功
echo 'main(){}' > dummy.c cc dummy.c -v -Wl,--verbose &> dummy.log readelf -l a.out | grep '/lib' 若是顯示[Requesting program interpreter: /lib/ld-linux.so.2]表示調整成功,動態庫已經鏈接到了目標系統的/lib下。 grep -o '/usr/lib.*/crt[1in].*succeeded' dummy.log 應該顯示 /usr/lib/crt1.o succeeded /usr/lib/crti.o succeeded /usr/lib/crtn.o succeeded grep -B1 '^ /usr/include' dummy.log 應該顯示 #include <...> search starts here: /usr/include grep 'SEARCH.*/usr/lib' dummy.log |sed 's|; |\n|g' 應該顯示 SEARCH_DIR("/tools/i686-pc-linux-gnu/lib") SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib") SEARCH_DIR("/lib"); grep "/lib/libc.so.6 " dummy.log 應該顯示 attempt to open /lib/libc.so.6 succeeded grep found dummy.log 應該顯示 found ld-linux.so.2 at /lib/ld-linux.so.2 若是上面均顯示正常,那麼代表工具鏈調整成功,能夠刪除測試文件了 rm -v dummy.c a.out dummy.log
Binutils-2.17
tar xvf $LFS/binutils-2.17.tar.bz2 mkdir binutils-build cd binutils-build ../binutils-2.17/configure --prefix=/usr --enable-shared make tooldir=/usr
測試:
make check
注意:這裏測試統計可能會出現個別失敗
make tooldir=/usr install cp -v ../binutils-2.17/include/libiberty.h /usr/include cd .. rm -rf binutils-build rm -rf binutils-2.17
GCC-4.1.2
tar xvf $LFS/gcc-4.1.2.tar.bz2 cd gcc-4.1.2 sed -i 's/install_to_$(INSTALL_DEST) //' libiberty/Makefile.in sed -i 's/^XCFLAGS =$/& -fomit-frame-pointer/' gcc/Makefile.in sed -i 's@\./fixinc\.sh@-c true@' gcc/Makefile.in sed -i 's/@have_mktemp_command@/yes/' gcc/gccbug.in mkdir -v ../gcc-build cd ../gcc-build ../gcc-4.1.2/configure --prefix=/usr \ --libexecdir=/usr/lib --enable-shared \ --enable-threads=posix --enable-__cxa_atexit \ --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-languages=c,c++ make
測試:
make -k check
注意:這裏check時間比較長,可能會發生一些錯誤
make install ln -sv ../usr/bin/cpp /lib ln -sv gcc /usr/bin/cc cd .. rm -rf gcc-build rm -rf gcc-4.1.2
測試工具鏈是否正確,肯定GCC是否安裝正確
echo 'main(){}' > dummy.c cc dummy.c -v -Wl,--verbose &> dummy.log readelf -l a.out | grep 'lib' 若是顯示[Requesting program interpreter: /lib/ld-linux.so.2]表示連接位置正確,動態庫已經鏈接到了目標系統的/lib下。 grep -o '/usr/lib.*/crt[1in].*succeeded' dummy.log 應該顯示 /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.1.2/../../../crt1.o succeeded /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.1.2/../../../crti.o succeeded /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.1.2/../../../crtn.o succeeded grep -B3 '^ /usr/include' dummy.log 應該顯示 #include <...> search starts here: /usr/local/include /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.1.2/include /usr/include grep 'SEARCH.*/usr/lib' dummy.log |sed 's|; |\n|g' 應該顯示 SEARCH_DIR("/usr/i686-pc-linux-gnu/lib") SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib") SEARCH_DIR("/lib") SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib"); grep "/lib/libc.so.6 " dummy.log 應該顯示 attempt to open /lib/libc.so.6 succeeded grep found dummy.log 應該顯示 found ld-linux.so.2 at /lib/ld-linux.so.2 若是上面均顯示正常,那麼代表工具鏈正常,能夠刪除測試文件了 rm -v dummy.c a.out dummy.log
Berkeley DB-4.5.20
tar xvf $LFS/db-4.5.20.tar.gz cd db-4.5.20 patch -Np1 -i $LFS/db-4.5.20-fixes-1.patch cd build_unix ../dist/configure --prefix=/usr --enable-compat185 --enable-cxx make make docdir=/usr/share/doc/db-4.5.20 install chown -Rv root:root /usr/share/doc/db-4.5.20 cd /sources rm -rf db-4.5.20
Sed-4.1.5
tar xvf $LFS/sed-4.1.5.tar.gz cd sed-4.1.5 ./configure --prefix=/usr --bindir=/bin --enable-html make
測試:
make check
這裏check不會出錯
make install cd .. rm -rf sed-4.1.5
E2fsprogs-1.40.2
tar xvf $LFS/e2fsprogs-1.40.2.tar.gz cd e2fsprogs-1.40.2 sed -i -e 's@/bin/rm@/tools&@' lib/blkid/test_probe.in mkdir -v build cd build ../configure --prefix=/usr --with-root-prefix="" \ --enable-elf-shlibs make
測試:
make check
這裏check不會出錯
make install make install-libs cd ../.. rm -rf e2fsprogs-1.40.2
Coreutils-6.9
tar xvf $LFS/coreutils-6.9.tar.bz2 cd coreutils-6.9 patch -Np1 -i $LFS/coreutils-6.9-uname-1.patch patch -Np1 -i $LFS/coreutils-6.9-suppress_uptime_kill_su-1.patch patch -Np1 -i $LFS/coreutils-6.9-i18n-1.patch chmod +x tests/sort/sort-mb-tests ./configure --prefix=/usr make
測試:
make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=nobody check-root echo "dummy:x:1000:nobody" >> /etc/group su-tools nobody -s /bin/bash -c "make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"
這個測試就能正常結束,刪除測試用數據
sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/group make install mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date,dd,df,echo} /bin mv -v /usr/bin/{false,hostname,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,readlink,rm} /bin mv -v /usr/bin/{rmdir,stty,sync,true,uname} /bin mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin mv -v /usr/bin/{head,sleep,nice} /bin cd .. rm -rf coreutils-6.9
Iana-Etc-2.20
tar xvf $LFS/iana-etc-2.20.tar.bz2 cd iana-etc-2.20 make make install cd .. rm -rf iana-etc-2.20
M4-1.4.10
tar xvf $LFS/m4-1.4.10.tar.bz2 cd m4-1.4.10 ./configure --prefix=/usr make
測試:
make check
這裏測試不會出錯
make install cd .. rm -rf m4-1.4.10
Bison-2.3
tar xvf $LFS/bison-2.3.tar.bz2 cd bison-2.3 ./configure --prefix=/usr echo '#define YYENABLE_NLS 1' >> config.h make
測試:
make check
這裏檢測不會出錯
make install cd .. rm -rf bison-2.3
Ncurses-5.6
tar xvf $LFS/ncurses-5.6.tar.gz cd ncurses-5.6 patch -Np1 -i $LFS/ncurses-5.6-coverity_fixes-1.patch ./configure --prefix=/usr --with-shared --without-debug --enable-widec make make install chmod -v 644 /usr/lib/libncurses++w.a mv -v /usr/lib/libncursesw.so.5* /lib ln -sfv ../../lib/libncursesw.so.5 /usr/lib/libncursesw.so for lib in curses ncurses form panel menu ; do \ rm -vf /usr/lib/lib${lib}.so ; \ echo "INPUT(-l${lib}w)" >/usr/lib/lib${lib}.so ; \ ln -sfv lib${lib}w.a /usr/lib/lib${lib}.a ; \ done ln -sfv libncurses++w.a /usr/lib/libncurses++.a rm -vf /usr/lib/libcursesw.so echo "INPUT(-lncursesw)" >/usr/lib/libcursesw.so ln -sfv libncurses.so /usr/lib/libcurses.so ln -sfv libncursesw.a /usr/lib/libcursesw.a ln -sfv libncurses.a /usr/lib/libcurses.a cd .. rm -rf ncurses-5.6
Procps-3.2.7
tar xvf $LFS/procps-3.2.7.tar.gz cd procps-3.2.7 make make install cd .. rm -rf procps-3.2.7
Libtool-1.5.24
tar xvf $LFS/libtool-1.5.24.tar.gz cd libtool-1.5.24 ./configure --prefix=/usr make
測試:
make check
這裏測試不會出錯
make install cd .. rm -rf libtool-1.5.24
Perl-5.8.8
tar xvf $LFS/perl-5.8.8.tar.bz2 cd perl-5.8.8 echo "127.0.0.1 localhost $(hostname)" > /etc/hosts ./configure.gnu --prefix=/usr \ -Dman1dir=/usr/share/man/man1 \ -Dman3dir=/usr/share/man/man3 \ -Dpager="/usr/bin/less -isR" make
測試:
make test
這裏測試不會出錯
make install cd .. rm -rf perl-5.8.8
Readline-5.2
tar xvf $LFS/readline-5.2.tar.gz cd readline-5.2 sed -i '/MV.*old/d' Makefile.in sed -i '/{OLDSUFF}/c:' support/shlib-install patch -Np1 -i $LFS/readline-5.2-fixes-3.patch ./configure --prefix=/usr --libdir=/lib make SHLIB_XLDFLAGS=-lncurses make install mv -v /lib/lib{readline,history}.a /usr/lib rm -v /lib/lib{readline,history}.so ln -sfv ../../lib/libreadline.so.5 /usr/lib/libreadline.so ln -sfv ../../lib/libhistory.so.5 /usr/lib/libhistory.so cd .. rm -rf readline-5.2
Zlib-1.2.3
tar xvf $LFS/zlib-1.2.3.tar.gz cd zlib-1.2.3 ./configure --prefix=/usr --shared --libdir=/lib make
測試動態連接庫
make check
這裏測試不會出錯
make install rm -v /lib/libz.so ln -sfv ../../lib/libz.so.1.2.3 /usr/lib/libz.so make clean ./configure --prefix=/usr make
測試靜態庫
make echeck
這裏測試不會出錯
make install chmod -v 644 /usr/lib/libz.a cd .. rm -rf zlib-1.2.3
Autoconf-2.61
tar xvf $LFS/autoconf-2.61.tar.bz2 cd autoconf-2.61 ./configure --prefix=/usr make
測試:
make check
這裏測試時間比較長,但不會出錯
make install cd .. rm -rf autoconf-2.61
Automake-1.10
tar xvf $LFS/automake-1.10.tar.bz2 cd automake-1.10 ./configure --prefix=/usr make
測試:
make check
這裏測試時間比較長,可能會有3個測試失敗,但能順利結束
make install cd .. rm -rf automake-1.10
Bash-3.2
tar xvf $LFS/bash-3.2.tar.gz cd bash-3.2 tar -xvf $LFS/bash-doc-3.2.tar.gz && sed -i "s|htmldir = @htmldir@|htmldir = /usr/share/doc/bash-3.2|" Makefile.in patch -Np1 -i $LFS/bash-3.2-fixes-5.patch ./configure --prefix=/usr --bindir=/bin --without-bash-malloc --with-installed-readline make
測試:
sed -i 's/LANG/LC_ALL/' tests/intl.tests sed -i 's@tests@& </dev/tty@' tests/run-test chown -Rv nobody ./ su-tools nobody -s /bin/bash -c "make tests"
這裏測試不會出錯,但會有警告信息
make install cd .. rm -rf bash-3.2
應用剛編譯安裝好的"/bin/bash"
exec /bin/bash --login +h
Bzip2-1.0.4
tar xvf $LFS/bzip2-1.0.4.tar.gz cd bzip2-1.0.4 patch -Np1 -i $LFS/bzip2-1.0.4-install_docs-1.patch make -f Makefile-libbz2_so make clean make make PREFIX=/usr install cp -v bzip2-shared /bin/bzip2 cp -av libbz2.so* /lib ln -sv ../../lib/libbz2.so.1.0 /usr/lib/libbz2.so rm -v /usr/bin/{bunzip2,bzcat,bzip2} ln -sv bzip2 /bin/bunzip2 ln -sv bzip2 /bin/bzcat cd .. rm -rf bzip2-1.0.4
Diffutils-2.8.1
tar xvf $LFS/diffutils-2.8.1.tar.gz cd diffutils-2.8.1 patch -Np1 -i $LFS/diffutils-2.8.1-i18n-1.patch touch man/diff.1 ./configure --prefix=/usr make make install cd .. rm -rf diffutils-2.8.1
File-4.21
tar xvf $LFS/file-4.21.tar.gz cd file-4.21 ./configure --prefix=/usr make make install cd .. rm -rf file-4.21
Findutils-4.2.31
tar xvf $LFS/findutils-4.2.31.tar.gz cd findutils-4.2.31 ./configure --prefix=/usr --libexecdir=/usr/lib/findutils \ --localstatedir=/var/lib/locate make
測試:
make check
這裏測試不會出錯
make install mv -v /usr/bin/find /bin sed -i -e 's/find:=${BINDIR}/find:=\/bin/' /usr/bin/updatedb cd .. rm -rf findutils-4.2.31
Flex-2.5.33
tar xvf $LFS/flex-2.5.33.tar.bz2 cd flex-2.5.33 ./configure --prefix=/usr make
測試:
make check
這裏測試不會出錯
make install ln -sv libfl.a /usr/lib/libl.a
建立一個lex命令
cat > /usr/bin/lex << "EOF" #!/bin/sh # Begin /usr/bin/lex exec /usr/bin/flex -l "$@" # End /usr/bin/lex EOF chmod -v 755 /usr/bin/lex cd .. rm -rf flex-2.5.33
GRUB-0.97
tar xvf $LFS/grub-0.97.tar.gz cd grub-0.97 patch -Np1 -i $LFS/grub-0.97-disk_geometry-1.patch ./configure --prefix=/usr make
測試:
make check
這裏測試不會出錯
make install mkdir -v /boot/grub cp -v /usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/stage{1,2} /boot/grub cd .. rm -rf grub-0.97
Gawk-3.1.5
tar xvf $LFS/gawk-3.1.5.tar.bz2 cd gawk-3.1.5 patch -Np1 -i $LFS/gawk-3.1.5-segfault_fix-1.patch ./configure --prefix=/usr --libexecdir=/usr/lib cat >> config.h << "EOF" #define HAVE_LANGINFO_CODESET 1 #define HAVE_LC_MESSAGES 1 EOF make
測試:
make check
這裏測試不會出錯
make install cd .. rm -rf gawk-3.1.5
Gettext-0.16.1
tar xvf $LFS/gettext-0.16.1.tar.gz cd gettext-0.16.1 ./configure --prefix=/usr make
測試:
make check
這裏檢測的時間比較長,但不會出錯
make install cd .. rm -rf gettext-0.16.1
Grep-2.5.1a
tar xvf $LFS/grep-2.5.1a.tar.bz2 cd grep-2.5.1a patch -Np1 -i $LFS/grep-2.5.1a-redhat_fixes-2.patch chmod +x tests/fmbtest.sh ./configure --prefix=/usr --bindir=/bin make
測試:
make check
這裏測試不會出錯
make install cd .. rm -rf grep-2.5.1a
Groff-1.18.1.4
tar xvf $LFS/groff-1.18.1.4.tar.gz cd groff-1.18.1.4 patch -Np1 -i $LFS/groff-1.18.1.4-debian_fixes-1.patch sed -i -e 's/2010/002D/' -e 's/2212/002D/' \ -e 's/2018/0060/' -e 's/2019/0027/' font/devutf8/R.proto PAGE=A4 ./configure --prefix=/usr --enable-multibyte make make install ln -sv eqn /usr/bin/geqn ln -sv tbl /usr/bin/gtbl cd .. rm -rf groff-1.18.1.4
Gzip-1.3.12
tar xvf $LFS/gzip-1.3.12.tar.gz cd gzip-1.3.12 ./configure --prefix=/usr --bindir=/bin make
測試:
make check
這裏測試不會出錯
make install mv -v /bin/{gzexe,uncompress,zcmp,zdiff,zegrep} /usr/bin mv -v /bin/{zfgrep,zforce,zgrep,zless,zmore,znew} /usr/bin cd .. rm -rf gzip-1.3.12
Inetutils-1.5
tar xvf $LFS/inetutils-1.5.tar.gz cd inetutils-1.5 patch -Np1 -i $LFS/inetutils-1.5-no_server_man_pages-2.patch ./configure --prefix=/usr --libexecdir=/usr/sbin \ --sysconfdir=/etc --localstatedir=/var \ --disable-ifconfig --disable-logger --disable-syslogd \ --disable-whois --disable-servers make make install mv -v /usr/bin/ping /bin cd .. rm -rf inetutils-1.5
IPRoute2-2.6.20-070313
tar xvf $LFS/iproute2-2.6.20-070313.tar.bz2 cd iproute-2.6.20-070313 sed -i -e '/tc-bfifo.8/d' -e '/tc-pfifo.8/s/pbfifo/bfifo/' Makefile make SBINDIR=/sbin make SBINDIR=/sbin install mv -v /sbin/arpd /usr/sbin cd .. rm -rf iproute-2.6.20-070313
Kbd-1.12
tar xvf $LFS/kbd-1.12.tar.bz2 cd kbd-1.12 patch -Np1 -i $LFS/kbd-1.12-backspace-1.patch patch -Np1 -i $LFS/kbd-1.12-gcc4_fixes-1.patch ./configure --datadir=/lib/kbd make make install mv -v /usr/bin/{kbd_mode,openvt,setfont} /bin cd .. rm -rf kbd-1.12
Less-406
tar xvf $LFS/less-406.tar.gz cd less-406 ./configure --prefix=/usr --sysconfdir=/etc make make install cd .. rm -rf less-406
Make-3.81
tar xvf $LFS/make-3.81.tar.bz2 cd make-3.81 ./configure --prefix=/usr make
測試:
make check
這裏測試不會出錯
make install cd .. rm -rf make-3.81
Man-DB-2.4.4
tar xvf $LFS/man-db-2.4.4.tar.gz cd man-db-2.4.4 mv man/de{_DE.88591,} mv man/es{_ES.88591,} mv man/it{_IT.88591,} sed -i 's,\*_\*,??,' man/Makefile.in sed -i -e '\%\t/usr/man%d' -e '\%\t/usr/local/man%d' src/man_db.conf.in cat >> include/manconfig.h.in << "EOF" #define WEB_BROWSER "exec /usr/bin/lynx" #define COL "/usr/bin/col" #define VGRIND "/usr/bin/vgrind" #define GRAP "/usr/bin/grap" EOF patch -Np1 -i $LFS/man-db-2.4.4-fixes-1.patch ./configure --prefix=/usr --enable-mb-groff --disable-setuid make make install
建立一個用於轉換man手冊編碼的腳本
cat >> convert-mans << "EOF" #!/bin/sh -e FROM="$1" TO="$2" shift ; shift while [ $# -gt 0 ] do FILE="$1" shift iconv -f "$FROM" -t "$TO" "$FILE" >.tmp.iconv mv .tmp.iconv "$FILE" done EOF install -m755 convert-mans /usr/bin cd .. rm -rf man-db-2.4.4
Mktemp-1.5
tar xvf $LFS/mktemp-1.5.tar.gz cd mktemp-1.5 patch -Np1 -i $LFS/mktemp-1.5-add_tempfile-3.patch ./configure --prefix=/usr --with-libc make make install make install-tempfile cd .. rm -rf mktemp-1.5
Module-Init-Tools-3.2.2
tar xvf $LFS/module-init-tools-3.2.2.tar.bz2 cd module-init-tools-3.2.2 patch -Np1 -i $LFS/module-init-tools-3.2.2-modprobe-1.patch ./configure make check make distclean ./configure --prefix=/ --enable-zlib make make INSTALL=install install cd .. rm -rf module-init-tools-3.2.2
Patch-2.5.4
tar xvf $LFS/patch-2.5.4.tar.gz cd patch-2.5.4 ./configure --prefix=/usr make make install cd .. rm -rf patch-2.5.4
Psmisc-22.5
tar xvf $LFS/psmisc-22.5.tar.gz cd psmisc-22.5 ./configure --prefix=/usr --exec-prefix="" make make install mv -v /bin/pstree* /usr/bin ln -sv killall /bin/pidof cd .. rm -rf psmisc-22.5
Shadow-4.0.18.1
tar xvf $LFS/shadow-4.0.18.1.tar.bz2 cd shadow-4.0.18.1 patch -Np1 -i $LFS/shadow-4.0.18.1-useradd_fix-2.patch ./configure --libdir=/lib --sysconfdir=/etc --enable-shared --without-selinux sed -i 's/groups$(EXEEXT) //' src/Makefile find man -name Makefile -exec sed -i 's/groups\.1 / /' {} \; sed -i -e 's@#MD5_CRYPT_ENAB.no@MD5_CRYPT_ENAB yes@' \ -e 's@/var/spool/mail@/var/mail@' etc/login.defs make make install mv -v /usr/bin/passwd /bin mv -v /lib/libshadow.*a /usr/lib rm -v /lib/libshadow.so ln -sfv ../../lib/libshadow.so.0 /usr/lib/libshadow.so
配置增長用戶的默認設置
pwconv grpconv useradd -D -b /home sed -i 's/yes/no/' /etc/default/useradd
設置root用戶密碼;必定要設置root的密碼,不然從新啓動後沒法登錄
passwd root cd .. rm -rf shadow-4.0.18.1
Sysklogd-1.4.1
tar xvf $LFS/sysklogd-1.4.1.tar.gz cd sysklogd-1.4.1 patch -Np1 -i $LFS/sysklogd-1.4.1-fixes-2.patch patch -Np1 -i $LFS/sysklogd-1.4.1-8bit-1.patch make make install
設置syslog的配置文件
cat > /etc/syslog.conf << "EOF" # Begin /etc/syslog.conf auth,authpriv.* -/var/log/auth.log *.*;auth,authpriv.none -/var/log/sys.log daemon.* -/var/log/daemon.log kern.* -/var/log/kern.log mail.* -/var/log/mail.log user.* -/var/log/user.log *.emerg * # End /etc/syslog.conf EOF cd .. rm -rf sysklogd-1.4.1
Sysvinit-2.86
tar xvf $LFS/sysvinit-2.86.tar.gz cd sysvinit-2.86 sed -i 's@Sending processes@& configured via /etc/inittab@g' src/init.c make -C src make -C src install
設置啓動配置文件
cat > /etc/inittab << "EOF" # Begin /etc/inittab id:3:initdefault: si::sysinit:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc sysinit l0:0:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 0 l1:S1:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 1 l2:2:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 2 l3:3:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 3 l4:4:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 4 l5:5:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 5 l6:6:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 6 ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now su:S016:once:/sbin/sulogin 1:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty1 9600 2:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty2 9600 3:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty3 9600 4:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty4 9600 5:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty5 9600 6:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty6 9600 # End /etc/inittab EOF cd .. rm -rf sysvinit-2.86
Tar-1.18
tar xvf $LFS/tar-1.18.tar.bz2 cd tar-1.18 ./configure --prefix=/usr --bindir=/bin --libexecdir=/usr/sbin make
測試:
make check ######這裏測試能經過 make install cd .. rm -rf tar-1.18
Texinfo-4.9
tar xvf $LFS/texinfo-4.9.tar.bz2 cd texinfo-4.9 patch -Np1 -i $LFS/texinfo-4.9-multibyte-1.patch patch -Np1 -i $LFS/texinfo-4.9-tempfile_fix-1.patch ./configure --prefix=/usr make
測試:
make check ######這裏測試錯 make install make TEXMF=/usr/share/texmf install-tex cd /usr/share/info rm dir for f in * do install-info $f dir 2>/dev/null done cd /sources rm -rf texinfo-4.9
Udev-113
tar xvf $LFS/udev-113.tar.bz2 cd udev-113 tar -xvf $LFS/udev-config-6.3.tar.bz2 install -dv /lib/{firmware,udev/devices/{pts,shm}} mknod -m0666 /lib/udev/devices/null c 1 3 ln -sv /proc/self/fd /lib/udev/devices/fd ln -sv /proc/self/fd/0 /lib/udev/devices/stdin ln -sv /proc/self/fd/1 /lib/udev/devices/stdout ln -sv /proc/self/fd/2 /lib/udev/devices/stderr ln -sv /proc/kcore /lib/udev/devices/core make EXTRAS="`echo extras/*/`"
測試:
make test 這裏測試可能有錯誤,沒必要理會。 make DESTDIR=/ EXTRAS="`echo extras/*/`" install cp -v etc/udev/rules.d/[0-9]* /etc/udev/rules.d/ cd udev-config-6.3 make install make install-doc make install-extra-doc cd .. install -m644 -v docs/writing_udev_rules/index.html \ /usr/share/doc/udev-113/index.html cd .. rm -rf udev-113
Util-linux-2.12r
tar xvf $LFS/util-linux-2.12r.tar.bz2 cd util-linux-2.12r sed -e 's@etc/adjtime@var/lib/hwclock/adjtime@g' \ -i $(grep -rl '/etc/adjtime' .) mkdir -pv /var/lib/hwclock patch -Np1 -i $LFS/util-linux-2.12r-cramfs-1.patch patch -Np1 -i $LFS/util-linux-2.12r-lseek-1.patch ./configure make HAVE_KILL=yes HAVE_SLN=yes make HAVE_KILL=yes HAVE_SLN=yes install cd .. rm -rf util-linux-2.12r
Vim-7.1
tar xvf $LFS/vim-7.1.tar.bz2 tar xvf $LFS/vim-7.1-lang.tar.gz cd vim71 patch -Np1 -i $LFS/vim-7.1-fixes-1.patch patch -Np1 -i $LFS/vim-7.1-mandir-1.patch echo '#define SYS_VIMRC_FILE "/etc/vimrc"' >> src/feature.h ./configure --prefix=/usr --enable-multibyte make
測試:
make test 這裏測試可能會有個別錯誤 make install ln -sv vim /usr/bin/vi for L in "" fr it pl ru; do ln -sv vim.1 /usr/share/man/$L/man1/vi.1 done ln -sv ../vim/vim71/doc /usr/share/doc/vim-7.1
創建vim的默認配置文件
cat > /etc/vimrc << "EOF" " Begin /etc/vimrc set nocompatible set backspace=2 syntax on if (&term == "iterm") || (&term == "putty") set background=dark endif " End /etc/vimrc EOF cd .. rm -rf vim71
退出chroot環境
logout
爲Strip而進入chroot環境
chroot $LFS /tools/bin/env -i \ HOME=/root TERM=$TERM PS1='\u:\w\$ ' \ PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin \ /tools/bin/bash --login
此時若是想關機或重啓系統,恢復到工做狀態步驟
######從新啓動計算機,並從LiveCD啓動 ######加載分區 export LFS=/mnt/lfs mkdir -pv $LFS mount /dev/hda2 $LFS ######加載交換分區(若是不想用交換分區或者沒有交換分區可跳過此步驟) swapon /dev/hda1 ######加載必要的文件系統 mount -v --bind /dev $LFS/dev mount -vt devpts devpts $LFS/dev/pts mount -vt tmpfs shm $LFS/dev/shm mount -vt proc proc $LFS/proc mount -vt sysfs sysfs $LFS/sys ######Chroot到目標系統下 chroot "$LFS" /tools/bin/env -i \ HOME=/root TERM="$TERM" PS1='\u:\w\$ ' \ PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin \ /tools/bin/bash --login
Strip
/tools/bin/find /{,usr/}{bin,lib,sbin} -type f \ -exec /tools/bin/strip --strip-debug '{}' ';'
退出chroot環境
logout
爲最後的設置進入chroot環境
chroot "$LFS" /usr/bin/env -i \ HOME=/root TERM="$TERM" PS1='\u:\w\$ ' \ PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin \ /bin/bash --login cd /sources export LFS=/sources
今後時到一直製做結束,從新開機回到工做狀態步驟
######從新啓動計算機,並從LiveCD啓動 ######加載分區 export LFS=/mnt/lfs mkdir -pv $LFS mount /dev/hda2 $LFS ######加載交換分區(若是不用交換分區或者沒有交換分區可跳過此步驟) swapon /dev/hda1 ######加載必要的文件系統 mount -v --bind /dev $LFS/dev mount -vt devpts devpts $LFS/dev/pts mount -vt tmpfs shm $LFS/dev/shm mount -vt proc proc $LFS/proc mount -vt sysfs sysfs $LFS/sys ######Chroot到目標系統下 chroot "$LFS" /usr/bin/env -i \ HOME=/root TERM="$TERM" PS1='\u:\w\$ ' \ PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin \ /bin/bash --login ######進入編譯目錄 cd /sources export LFS=/sources
LFS-Bootscripts-6.3
tar xvf $LFS/lfs-bootscripts-6.3.tar.bz2 cd lfs-bootscripts-6.3 make install cd .. rm -rf lfs-bootscripts-6.3
時間設置(Configuring the setclock Script)
cat > /etc/sysconfig/clock << "EOF" # Begin /etc/sysconfig/clock UTC=1 # End /etc/sysconfig/clock EOF
設置bash下的鍵盤功能鍵設置
cat > /etc/inputrc << "EOF" set horizontal-scroll-mode Off set meta-flag On set input-meta On set convert-meta Off set output-meta On set bell-style none "\eOd": backward-word "\eOc": forward-word "\e[1~": beginning-of-line "\e[4~": end-of-line "\e[5~": beginning-of-history "\e[6~": end-of-history "\e[3~": delete-char "\e[2~": quoted-insert "\eOH": beginning-of-line "\eOF": end-of-line "\e[H": beginning-of-line "\e[F": end-of-line EOF
設置Bash Shell啓動文件(The Bash Shell Startup Files)
cat > /etc/profile << "EOF" # Begin /etc/profile export LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8 export INPUTRC=/etc/inputrc alias ls="ls --color" export PS1='\u:\w\$ ' # End /etc/profile EOF
設置本地網絡名
echo "HOSTNAME=mylinux" > /etc/sysconfig/network
設置hosts文件
cat > /etc/hosts << "EOF" # Begin /etc/hosts (no network card version) 127.0.0.1 mylinux localhost # End /etc/hosts (no network card version) EOF
設置網絡的靜態地址
cd /etc/sysconfig/network-devices && mkdir -v ifconfig.eth0 && cat > ifconfig.eth0/ipv4 << "EOF" ONBOOT=yes SERVICE=ipv4-static IP=192.168.1.1 GATEWAY=192.168.1.2 PREFIX=24 BROADCAST=192.168.1.255 EOF
設置DNS
cat > /etc/resolv.conf << "EOF" # Begin /etc/resolv.conf nameserver 你的首個DNS的地址 nameserver 你的第二DNS的地址 # End /etc/resolv.conf EOF
創建fstab文件
cat > /etc/fstab << "EOF" # Begin /etc/fstab # file system mount-point type options dump fsck # order /dev/sda2 / ext3 defaults 1 1 /dev/sda1 swap swap pri=1 0 0 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=4,mode=620 0 0 shm /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 # End /etc/fstab EOF
安裝內核Linux-2.6.22.5
cd /sources tar xvf $LFS/linux-2.6.22.5.tar.bz2 cd linux-2.6.22.5
make mrproper make menuconfig
編譯支持SCSI磁盤驅動Device Drivers->SCSI device support->SCSI low-level drivers下加入BusLogic SCSI support的支持,能夠採用編譯到內核來避免未用initrd腳原本加載模塊而致使啓動失敗
若是想支持網絡則應該在Device Drivers->Networking support->Ethernet (10 or 100Mbit)加入AMD PCnet32 PCI support的支持,能夠採用編譯到內核也能夠編譯成模塊的方式
文件系統的支持,須要根據以前將目標系統分區格式化的狀況而定,使用了什麼文件系統就須要加入該文件系統的支持,因以前採用的是ext3文件系統,所以在File Systems->Ext3 journalling file system support加入ext3的支持,能夠採用編譯到內核來避免未用initrd腳原本加載模塊而致使啓動失敗
保存並退出;安裝內核
make make modules_install cp -v arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/lfskernel-2.6.22.5 cp -v System.map /boot/System.map-2.6.22.5 cp -v .config /boot/config-2.6.22.5 install -d /usr/share/doc/linux-2.6.22.5 cp -r Documentation/* /usr/share/doc/linux-2.6.22.5
安裝Grub,使系統能啓動,這裏設置須要根據狀況而修改,這裏以以前介紹的分區設置爲例
grub 輸入root (hd0,0) 輸入setup (hd0) quit
設置grub啓動菜單
cat > /boot/grub/menu.lst << "EOF" # Begin /boot/grub/menu.lst # By default boot the first menu entry. default 0 timeout 5 color green/black light-green/black title ALLEN_LFS 6.3 root (hd0,0) kernel /boot/lfskernel-2.6.22.5 root=/dev/sda1 EOF 注意:這裏root後面磁盤根據實際狀況進行調整
將menu.lst鏈接到/etc目錄下
mkdir -v /etc/grub ln -sv /boot/grub/menu.lst /etc/grub
退出製做環境
logout
已經成功安裝完成LFS系統,能夠從新啓動運行系統了!!!
能夠正常登陸到系統,到此已經徹底安裝成功,想必博友們也喜歡挑戰吧,那就趕快動手吧!!!