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天天進步一點點,距離大腿又近一步!
閱讀本文大概須要6分鐘
繼續挖掘一些有趣的基礎面試題,有錯望指出來哈,請賜教~
簡單一點說,裝箱就是自動將基本數據類型轉換爲包裝器類型
;拆箱就是自動將包裝器類型轉爲基本數據類型
。
那它又是如何實現的?
以Integer爲例,看下代碼:java
public class Box { public static void main(String [] args){ Integer i = 10;//裝箱 int n = i;//拆箱 }}
反編譯class文件以後獲得以下內容:面試
D:\Study\java\jdk8\bin\javap.exe -c upBox.BoxCompiled from "Box.java"public class upBox.Box { public upBox.Box(); Code: 0: aload_0 1: invokespecial #1 // Method java/lang/Object."<init>":()V 4: return public static void main(java.lang.String[]); Code: 0: bipush 10 2: invokestatic #2 // Method java/lang/Integer.valueOf:(I)Ljava/lang/Integer; 5: astore_1 6: aload_1 7: invokevirtual #3 // Method java/lang/Integer.intValue:()I 10: istore_2 11: return}
從反編譯獲得的字節碼內容能夠看出,在裝箱
的時候自動調用的是Integer的valueOf(int)
方法。而在拆箱
的時候自動調用的是Integer的intValue
方法,其餘的包裝類相似。shell
深藏陷阱的面試題:編程
public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { Integer f1 = 100; Integer f2 = 100; Integer f3 = 150; Integer f4 = 150; System.out.println(f1 == f2); //true System.out.println(f3 == f4); //false }}
使用==對比的是引用是否相等,這很容易讓人誤認爲兩個輸出都是true或false。緩存
來分析一波:從上一題中可知道Integer裝箱調用靜態方法valueOf,咱們來看下valueOf的源碼微信
public static Integer valueOf(int i) { if (i >= IntegerCache.low && i <= IntegerCache.high) return IntegerCache.cache[i + (-IntegerCache.low)]; return new Integer(i); }
能夠看出,若int的值IntegerCache的最小值至最大值之間,則返回IntegerCache中的值,不然返回Integer對象;網絡
IntegerCache是Integer緩存。接着看,IntegerCache源碼編程語言
/** * Cache to support the object identity semantics of autoboxing for values between * -128 and 127 (inclusive) as required by JLS. * * The cache is initialized on first usage. The size of the cache * may be controlled by the {@code -XX:AutoBoxCacheMax=<size>} option. * During VM initialization, java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high property * may be set and saved in the private system properties in the * sun.misc.VM class. */ private static class IntegerCache { static final int low = -128; static final int high; static final Integer cache[]; static { // high value may be configured by property int h = 127; String integerCacheHighPropValue = sun.misc.VM.getSavedProperty("java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high"); if (integerCacheHighPropValue != null) { try { int i = parseInt(integerCacheHighPropValue); i = Math.max(i, 127); // Maximum array size is Integer.MAX_VALUE h = Math.min(i, Integer.MAX_VALUE - (-low) -1); } catch( NumberFormatException nfe) { // If the property cannot be parsed into an int, ignore it. } } high = h; cache = new Integer[(high - low) + 1]; int j = low; for(int k = 0; k < cache.length; k++) cache[k] = new Integer(j++); // range [-128, 127] must be interned (JLS7 5.1.7) assert IntegerCache.high >= 127; } private IntegerCache() {} }
IntegerCache 是Integer中的靜態類,虛擬機加載Integer類就會將[-128,127]的值存儲在Integer cache[]中。ide
由以上兩段源碼可得出:將int賦值給Integer時,若int的值在[-128,127]內,則會直接引用Intefer緩存池中的對象;不在,則建立新的Integer對象。
返回去看面試題,是否已一目瞭然?學習
import java.io.*;import java.util.Date;public class ObjectSaver { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { /*其中的 D:\\objectFile.obj 表示存放序列化對象的文件*/ //序列化對象 ObjectOutputStream out = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("D:\\objectFile.obj")); Customer customer = new Customer("張三", 25); out.writeObject("hello!"); //寫入字面值常量 out.writeObject(new Date()); //寫入匿名Date對象 out.writeObject(customer); //寫入customer對象 out.close(); //反序列化對象 ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("D:\\objectFile.obj")); System.out.println("String:" + (String) in.readObject()); //讀取字面值常量 System.out.println("Date:" + (Date) in.readObject()); //讀取匿名Date對象 Customer obj3 = (Customer) in.readObject(); //讀取customer對象 System.out.println("Customer:" + obj3.toString()); in.close(); }}class Customer implements Serializable { private String name; private int age; public Customer(String name, int age) { this.name = name; this.age = age; } public String toString() { return "name=" + name + ", age=" + age; }}
執行結果:
String:hello!
Date:Sun Jul 08 11:38:17 GMT+08:00 2018
Customer:name=張三 age=25
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end~thanks!
一個立志成大腿而天天努力奮鬥的年輕人
期待你的到來!