Java實現SQL格式化
在web項目中有時候會遇到須要將用戶輸入的sql格式化的需求，筆者最近就遇到這樣一個項目，通過查找資料，總結下面的隨手筆記，後續有空會在從新整理。sql語句本質上是字符串，要對其格式化，也就是字符串的查找、解析、替換之類的操做。java
1.若是要求不高，能夠本身寫一個簡單的格式化方法。參考https://www.cnblogs.com/firstdream/p/5651994.htmweb
package aaa;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;
public class SqlFormatterUtils {
private static final Set<String> BEGIN_CLAUSES = new HashSet<String>();
private static final Set<String> END_CLAUSES = new HashSet<String>();
private static final Set<String> LOGICAL = new HashSet<String>();
private static final Set<String> QUANTIFIERS = new HashSet<String>();
private static final Set<String> DML = new HashSet<String>();
private static final Set<String> MISC = new HashSet<String>();
static final String indentString = " ";
static final String initial = "\n ";
public String format(String source) {
return new FormatProcess(source).perform().trim();
}
static {
BEGIN_CLAUSES.add("left");
BEGIN_CLAUSES.add("right");
BEGIN_CLAUSES.add("inner");
BEGIN_CLAUSES.add("outer");
BEGIN_CLAUSES.add("group");
BEGIN_CLAUSES.add("order");
END_CLAUSES.add("where");
END_CLAUSES.add("set");
END_CLAUSES.add("having");
END_CLAUSES.add("join");
END_CLAUSES.add("from");
END_CLAUSES.add("by");
END_CLAUSES.add("join");
END_CLAUSES.add("into");
END_CLAUSES.add("union");
LOGICAL.add("and");
LOGICAL.add("or");
LOGICAL.add("when");
LOGICAL.add("else");
LOGICAL.add("end");
QUANTIFIERS.add("in");
QUANTIFIERS.add("all");
QUANTIFIERS.add("exists");
QUANTIFIERS.add("some");
QUANTIFIERS.add("any");
DML.add("insert");
DML.add("update");
DML.add("delete");
MISC.add("select");
MISC.add("on");
}
private static class FormatProcess {
boolean beginLine = true;
boolean afterBeginBeforeEnd = false;
boolean afterByOrSetOrFromOrSelect = false;
boolean afterValues = false;
boolean afterOn = false;
boolean afterBetween = false;
boolean afterInsert = false;
int inFunction = 0;
int parensSinceSelect = 0;
private LinkedList<Integer> parenCounts = new LinkedList<Integer>();
private LinkedList<Boolean> afterByOrFromOrSelects = new LinkedList<Boolean>();
int indent = 1;
StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer();
StringTokenizer tokens;
String lastToken;
String token;
String lcToken;
public FormatProcess(String sql) {
this.tokens = new StringTokenizer(sql, "()+*/-=<>'`\"[], \n\r\f\t", true);
}
public String perform() {
this.result.append("\n ");
while (this.tokens.hasMoreTokens()) {
this.token = this.tokens.nextToken();
this.lcToken = this.token.toLowerCase();
if ("'".equals(this.token)) {
String t;
do {
t = this.tokens.nextToken();
this.token += t;
} while ((!"'".equals(t)) && (this.tokens.hasMoreTokens()));
} else if ("\"".equals(this.token)) {
String t;
do {
t = this.tokens.nextToken();
this.token += t;
} while (!"\"".equals(t));
}
if ((this.afterByOrSetOrFromOrSelect) && (",".equals(this.token))) {
commaAfterByOrFromOrSelect();
} else if ((this.afterOn) && (",".equals(this.token))) {
commaAfterOn();
} else if ("(".equals(this.token)) {
openParen();
} else if (")".equals(this.token)) {
closeParen();
} else if (BEGIN_CLAUSES.contains(this.lcToken)) {
beginNewClause();
} else if (END_CLAUSES.contains(this.lcToken)) {
endNewClause();
} else if ("select".equals(this.lcToken)) {
select();
} else if (DML.contains(this.lcToken)) {
updateOrInsertOrDelete();
} else if ("values".equals(this.lcToken)) {
values();
} else if ("on".equals(this.lcToken)) {
on();
} else if ((this.afterBetween) && (this.lcToken.equals("and"))) {
misc();
this.afterBetween = false;
} else if (LOGICAL.contains(this.lcToken)) {
logical();
} else if (isWhitespace(this.token)) {
white();
} else {
misc();
}
if (!isWhitespace(this.token)) {
this.lastToken = this.lcToken;
}
}
return this.result.toString();
}
private void commaAfterOn() {
out();
this.indent -= 1;
newline();
this.afterOn = false;
this.afterByOrSetOrFromOrSelect = true;
}
private void commaAfterByOrFromOrSelect() {
out();
newline();
}
private void logical() {
if ("end".equals(this.lcToken)) {
this.indent -= 1;
}
newline();
out();
this.beginLine = false;
}
private void on() {
this.indent += 1;
this.afterOn = true;
newline();
out();
this.beginLine = false;
}
private void misc() {
out();
if ("between".equals(this.lcToken)) {
this.afterBetween = true;
}
if (this.afterInsert) {
newline();
this.afterInsert = false;
} else {
this.beginLine = false;
if ("case".equals(this.lcToken))
this.indent += 1;
}
}
private void white() {
if (!this.beginLine)
this.result.append(" ");
}
private void updateOrInsertOrDelete() {
out();
this.indent += 1;
this.beginLine = false;
if ("update".equals(this.lcToken)) {
newline();
}
if ("insert".equals(this.lcToken))
this.afterInsert = true;
}
private void select() {
out();
this.indent += 1;
newline();
this.parenCounts.addLast(new Integer(this.parensSinceSelect));
this.afterByOrFromOrSelects.addLast(Boolean.valueOf(this.afterByOrSetOrFromOrSelect));
this.parensSinceSelect = 0;
this.afterByOrSetOrFromOrSelect = true;
}
private void out() {
this.result.append(this.token);
}
private void endNewClause() {
if (!this.afterBeginBeforeEnd) {
this.indent -= 1;
if (this.afterOn) {
this.indent -= 1;
this.afterOn = false;
}
newline();
}
out();
if (!"union".equals(this.lcToken)) {
this.indent += 1;
}
newline();
this.afterBeginBeforeEnd = false;
this.afterByOrSetOrFromOrSelect = (("by".equals(this.lcToken)) || ("set".equals(this.lcToken))
|| ("from".equals(this.lcToken)));
}
private void beginNewClause() {
if (!this.afterBeginBeforeEnd) {
if (this.afterOn) {
this.indent -= 1;
this.afterOn = false;
}
this.indent -= 1;
newline();
}
out();
this.beginLine = false;
this.afterBeginBeforeEnd = true;
}
private void values() {
this.indent -= 1;
newline();
out();
this.indent += 1;
newline();
this.afterValues = true;
}
private void closeParen() {
this.parensSinceSelect -= 1;
if (this.parensSinceSelect < 0) {
this.indent -= 1;
this.parensSinceSelect = ((Integer) this.parenCounts.removeLast()).intValue();
this.afterByOrSetOrFromOrSelect = ((Boolean) this.afterByOrFromOrSelects.removeLast()).booleanValue();
}
if (this.inFunction > 0) {
this.inFunction -= 1;
out();
} else {
if (!this.afterByOrSetOrFromOrSelect) {
this.indent -= 1;
newline();
}
out();
}
this.beginLine = false;
}
private void openParen() {
if ((isFunctionName(this.lastToken)) || (this.inFunction > 0)) {
this.inFunction += 1;
}
this.beginLine = false;
if (this.inFunction > 0) {
out();
} else {
out();
if (!this.afterByOrSetOrFromOrSelect) {
this.indent += 1;
newline();
this.beginLine = true;
}
}
this.parensSinceSelect += 1;
}
private static boolean isFunctionName(String tok) {
char begin = tok.charAt(0);
boolean isIdentifier = (Character.isJavaIdentifierStart(begin)) || ('"' == begin);
return (isIdentifier) && (!LOGICAL.contains(tok))
&& (!END_CLAUSES.contains(tok))
&& (!QUANTIFIERS.contains(tok)) && (!DML.contains(tok))
&& (!MISC.contains(tok));
}
private static boolean isWhitespace(String token) {
return " \n\r\f\t".indexOf(token) >= 0;
}
private void newline() {
this.result.append("\n");
for (int i = 0; i < this.indent; i++) {
this.result.append(" ");
}
this.beginLine = true;
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(new SqlFormatterUtils().format(
"select aa,bb,cc,dd from ta1,(select ee,ff,gg from ta2 where ee=ff) ta3 where aa=bb and cc=dd group by dd order by createtime desc limit 3 "));
}
}
2.藉助第三方工具SQLinForm，這個是一個收費的東西，具體能夠去官網上了解。pl/sql中用的就是這個東西。能夠直接把jar包放到項目中，筆者使用了pl/sql 9.0下的SQLinForm.jar，個性化的設置項比較多，所有摘錄以下：sql
package aaa;
import SQLinForm_200.SQLForm;
public class PlSqlFormat {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String sql = "select id, name as '姓名', age as '年齡', sex '性別', birthday from student s left join classroom c on s.classroom_id = c.id left join teacher t on s.chinese_id = t.id where s.name = 'a' ";
SQLForm form = new SQLForm();
form.setAlignmentAs(false);
form.setAlignmentComma(false);
form.setAlignmentComment(false);
form.setAlignmentConcat(false);
form.setAlignmentDeclaration(false);
form.setAlignmentEqual(false);
form.setAlignmentKeyword(false);
form.setAlignmentOperator(false);
form.setAndOrIndention(false);
form.setBracketSpaces("noSpacesAroundBracket");
form.setCase(false, false);
form.setColor(false);
form.setCommaSpaces("oneSpaceAfterComma");
form.setDisplayOfWarningMsg(false);
form.setdoubleIndentionMasterKeyword(false);
form.setEqualSpaces("oneSpaceAroundEqual");
form.setFormatLanguage("SQL");
form.setGraphLevel(false);
form.setIndention(8, false);
form.setIndentJoin(false);
form.setInitialIndentation(8);
form.setLineBreak(false, false, false, false, false, false);
form.setLinebreakAfterConcat(false);
form.setLinebreakBeforeConcat(false);
form.setLinebreakBeforeLineComment(false);
form.setLinebreakCase(false);
form.setLinebreakCaseAndOr(false);
form.setLinebreakCaseElse(false);
form.setLinebreakCaseThen(false);
form.setLinebreakCaseWhen(false);
form.setLinebreakJoin(false);
form.setLinebreakJoinJoin(false);
form.setLinebreakJoinOn(false);
form.setLinebreakKeyword(false);
form.setLineNumber(false);
form.setLowerCase(false);
form.setLowerCaseKeyword(false);
form.setNumCommas(80);
form.setOneLineSQL(false);
form.setPageWidth(80);
//form.setQuoteCharacter("");
form.setReplaceComment(false);
form.setSmallSQLWidth(80);
//form.setSourceSQL(boolean, String);
//form.setSourceSQLLanguage(String);
form.setSuppressComment(false);
form.setSuppressEmptyLine(false);
form.setSuppressLinebreak(false);
form.setSuppressSpace(false);
//form.setSuppressSpace(boolean, String);
//form.setti(String);
//form.setUserKeywords(String);
//form.setVariableName(String);
System.out.println(form.formatSQLAsString(sql));
}
}
輸出結果app
select id, name as '姓名', age as '年齡', sex '性別', birthday
from student s
left join classroom c on s.classroom_id = c.id
left join teacher t on s.chinese_id = t.id
where s.name = 'a'
由於不開源，源碼反編譯後也很難理解。因此最終筆者放棄這種方案。工具
3.阿里巴巴的druid聽說很好用，筆者接下來要研究一下。ui
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