【BZOJ 3456】城市規劃

http://www.lydsy.com/JudgeOnline/problem.php?id=3456
設\(f(n)\)表示n個點有標號無向連通圖的數目。
dp：\(f(n)=2^{n\choose 2}-\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n-1}f(i){n-1\choose i-1}2^{n-i\choose 2}\)
這是一個能夠用分治FFT\(O(n\log^2n)\)作的式子。
移項，分配階乘使之變爲卷積的形式：\[\sum_{i=0}^n\frac{f(i)}{(i-1)!}\times\frac{2^{n-i\choose 2}}{(n-i)!}=\frac{2^{n\choose 2}}{(n-1)!}\]
（當\(i=0\)時默認\(\frac{f(0)}{(0-1)!}=0\)）
而後能夠多項式求逆一波。
設多項式\(A(x)\)在模\(x^n\)意義下的逆多項式爲\(B_n(x)\)，能夠在任意一篇博客上找到推導過程，這裏直接寫結論：
\[B_n(x)\equiv B_{\left\lceil\frac n2\right\rceil}(x)\left(2-A(x)B_{\left\lceil\frac n2\right\rceil}(x)\right)\pmod {x^n}\]
時間複雜度\(O(n\log n)\)。

#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;

const int p = 1004535809;
const int N = 131072 << 1;

int ipow(int a, int b) {
    int r = 1, w = a;
    while (b) {
        if (b & 1) r = 1ll * r * w % p;
        w = 1ll * w * w % p;
        b >>= 1;
    }
    return r;
}

int n, rev[N];
ll G[33], nG[33], f[N], ni[N], nifrac[N], t[N];

void DFT(ll *a, int n, int flag) {
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) if (i < rev[i]) swap(a[i], a[rev[i]]);
    int now = -1;
    for (int m = 2; m <= n; m <<= 1) {
        int mid = m >> 1; ++now;
        ll wn = flag == 1 ? G[now] : nG[now];
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i += m) {
            ll w = 1;
            for (int j = 0; j < mid; ++j) {
                ll u = a[i + j], v = a[i + j + mid] * w % p;
                a[i + j] = (u + v) % p;
                a[i + j + mid] = (u - v + p) % p;
                w = w * wn % p;
            }
        }
    }
    
    if (flag == -1) {
        ll nii = ipow(n, p - 2);
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
            (a[i] *= nii) %= p;
    }
}

void INV(ll *A, ll *B, int n) {
    if (n == 1) {B[0] = ipow(A[0], p - 2); return;}
    
    INV(A, B, (n + 1) >> 1);
    int len = 1, bl = -1, nn = (n << 1) - 1;
    for (; len < nn; len <<= 1, ++bl);
    for (int i = 1; i < len; ++i) rev[i] = (rev[i >> 1] >> 1) | ((i & 1) << bl);
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) t[i] = A[i];
    for (int i = n; i < len; ++i) t[i] = 0;
    
    DFT(t, len, 1); DFT(B, len, 1);
    for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i) B[i] = B[i] * ((2 - t[i] * B[i] % p + p) % p) % p;
    DFT(B, len, -1);
    for (int i = n; i < len; ++i) B[i] = 0;
}

ll A[N], B[N], C[N], nA[N];

int main() {
    scanf("%d", &n);
    if (n <= 2) {puts("1"); return 0;}
    
    int len = 1, bl = -1, nn = ((n + 1) << 1) - 1;
    for (; len < nn; len <<= 1, ++bl);
    G[bl] = ipow(3, (p - 1) / len); nG[bl] = ipow(G[bl], p - 2);
    for (int i = bl - 1; i >= 0; --i) G[i] = G[i + 1] * G[i + 1] % p, nG[i] = nG[i + 1] * nG[i + 1] % p;
    
    ni[1] = 1; nifrac[0] = nifrac[1] = 1;
    for (int i = 2; i <= n; ++i) {
        ni[i] = (p - p / i) * ni[p % i] % p;
        nifrac[i] = nifrac[i - 1] * ni[i] % p;
    }
    
    A[0] = 1;
    ll last = 1, C = 1;
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
        A[i] = last * nifrac[i] % p;
        B[i] = last * nifrac[i - 1] % p;
        last = last * ((C <<= 1) %= p) % p;
    }
    
    INV(A, nA, n + 1);
    
    for (int i = 1; i < len; ++i) rev[i] = (rev[i >> 1] >> 1) | ((i & 1) << bl);
    DFT(nA, len, 1); DFT(B, len, 1);
    for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i) (B[i] *= nA[i]) %= p;
    DFT(B, len, -1);
    
    ll noww = 1;
    for (int i = 2; i <= n; ++i) {
        (noww *= (i - 1)) %= p;
        (B[i] *= noww) %= p;
    }
    
    printf("%lld\n", B[n]);
    return 0;
}