asp.net core 系列之用戶認證(authentication)

時間 2019-11-11

標籤 asp.net asp core 系列用戶認證 authentication 欄目 ASP 简体版

原文原文鏈接

ASP.NET Core 的 identity 是一種須要用戶登陸的會員系統，用戶能夠建立一個登陸信息存儲在 Identity 的的帳號，git

或者也可使用第三方登陸，支持的第三方登陸包括：Facebook, Google, Microsoft Account, and Twitter.web

Identity 使用Sql Server 存儲用戶的姓名，密碼等數據，固然你也能夠選擇其餘的存儲工具進行存儲redis

這篇教程，將會講解如何使用Identity進行用戶的註冊，登陸，登出sql

1.建立一個帶認證(authentication)的web應用

文件->新建->項目
選擇ASP.NET Core Web 應用程序，命名WebApp1 ，點擊肯定
而後選擇web 應用程序，而後更改身份驗證
選擇我的用戶帳號，肯定

生成的項目會提供 ASP.NET Core Identity 功能，而且 Identity area 會暴露下面幾個終端（endpoint）:數據庫

/Identity/Account/Login
/Identity/Account/Logout
/Identity/Account/Manage

2.遷移

觀察生成的代碼，發現migration已經生成了，只須要更新到數據庫緩存

在nuget 程序控制臺中，輸入：async

Update-Database

直接在vs中的視圖，打開sql server 對象管理器，查看數據庫效果，確認數據庫更新成功：ide

3.配置 Identity 服務(Identity service)

服務被添加到了StartUp下的 ConfigureServices方法中工具

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    services.Configure<CookiePolicyOptions>(options =>
    {
        options.CheckConsentNeeded = context => true;
        options.MinimumSameSitePolicy = SameSiteMode.None;
    });

    services.AddDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>(options =>
        options.UseSqlServer(
            Configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection")));
    services.AddDefaultIdentity<IdentityUser>()
        .AddDefaultUI(UIFramework.Bootstrap4)
        .AddEntityFrameworkStores<ApplicationDbContext>();

　　//這裏對Identity作一些配置
    services.Configure<IdentityOptions>(options =>
    {
        // Password settings.密碼配置
        options.Password.RequireDigit = true;
        options.Password.RequireLowercase = true;
        options.Password.RequireNonAlphanumeric = true;
        options.Password.RequireUppercase = true;
        options.Password.RequiredLength = 6;
        options.Password.RequiredUniqueChars = 1;

        // Lockout settings.鎖定設置
        options.Lockout.DefaultLockoutTimeSpan = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5);
        options.Lockout.MaxFailedAccessAttempts = 5;
        options.Lockout.AllowedForNewUsers = true;

        // User settings.用戶設置
        options.User.AllowedUserNameCharacters =
        "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789-._@+";
        options.User.RequireUniqueEmail = false;
    });

    services.ConfigureApplicationCookie(options =>
    {
        // Cookie settings 緩存設置
        options.Cookie.HttpOnly = true;
        options.ExpireTimeSpan = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5);

        options.LoginPath = "/Identity/Account/Login";
        options.AccessDeniedPath = "/Identity/Account/AccessDenied";
        options.SlidingExpiration = true;
    });

    services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_2);
}

4.添加註冊，登陸，登陸功能

在解決方案的項目上，右鍵添加->新搭建基架的項目
選擇標識，添加
而後選擇你想添加的項

這裏的數據上下文中須要選中一個數據的，注意post

以後，會生成相應的一些文件，包括註冊，登陸，登出

5.如今再看下，生成的代碼

註冊

public async Task<IActionResult> OnPostAsync(string returnUrl = null)
{
    returnUrl = returnUrl ?? Url.Content("~/");
    if (ModelState.IsValid)
    {
        var user = new IdentityUser { UserName = Input.Email, Email = Input.Email };
        var result = await _userManager.CreateAsync(user, Input.Password); //建立帳戶
　　
　　　　　if (result.Succeeded)
        {
            _logger.LogInformation("User created a new account with password.");

            var code = await _userManager.GenerateEmailConfirmationTokenAsync(user); //生成郵箱驗證碼 var callbackUrl = Url.Page(　　//生成驗證的回調地址 "/Account/ConfirmEmail",
                pageHandler: null,
                values: new { userId = user.Id, code = code },
                protocol: Request.Scheme);

            await _emailSender.SendEmailAsync(Input.Email, "Confirm your email",　　//發送郵箱驗證郵件
                $"Please confirm your account by <a href='{HtmlEncoder.Default.Encode(callbackUrl)}'>clicking here</a>.");

            await _signInManager.SignInAsync(user, isPersistent: false);　　//登陸 return LocalRedirect(returnUrl);
        }
        foreach (var error in result.Errors)
        {
            ModelState.AddModelError(string.Empty, error.Description);
        }
    }

    // If we got this far, something failed, redisplay form
    return Page();
}

建立成功後，會直接顯示登陸狀態

登陸

public async Task<IActionResult> OnPostAsync(string returnUrl = null)
{
    returnUrl = returnUrl ?? Url.Content("~/");

    if (ModelState.IsValid)
    {
        // This doesn't count login failures towards account lockout
        // To enable password failures to trigger account lockout, 
        // set lockoutOnFailure: true
        var result = await _signInManager.PasswordSignInAsync(Input.Email,  //密碼登陸
            Input.Password, Input.RememberMe, lockoutOnFailure: true);
        if (result.Succeeded)　　//登陸成功
        {
            _logger.LogInformation("User logged in.");
            return LocalRedirect(returnUrl);
        }
        if (result.RequiresTwoFactor)　　//兩步驗證
        {
            return RedirectToPage("./LoginWith2fa", new { ReturnUrl = returnUrl, RememberMe = Input.RememberMe });
        }
        if (result.IsLockedOut)　　//鎖定
        {
            _logger.LogWarning("User account locked out.");
            return RedirectToPage("./Lockout");
        }
        else
        {
            ModelState.AddModelError(string.Empty, "Invalid login attempt.");
            return Page();
        }
    }

    // If we got this far, something failed, redisplay form
    return Page();
}

登出

public async Task<IActionResult> OnPost(string returnUrl = null)
        {
            await _signInManager.SignOutAsync();  //登出
            _logger.LogInformation("User logged out.");
            if (returnUrl != null)
            {
                return LocalRedirect(returnUrl);
            }
            else
            {
                return Page();
            }
        }

登陸頁面

@using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity
@inject SignInManager<IdentityUser> SignInManager
@inject UserManager<IdentityUser> UserManager

<ul class="navbar-nav">
    @if (SignInManager.IsSignedIn(User))
    {
        <li class="nav-item">
            <a class="nav-link text-dark" asp-area="Identity"
               asp-page="/Account/Manage/Index"
               title="Manage">Hello@User.Identity.Name!</a>
        </li>
        <li class="nav-item">
            <form class="form-inline" asp-area="Identity" asp-page="/Account/Logout" 
                   asp-route-returnUrl="@Url.Page("/", new { area = "" })" 
                   method="post">
                <button type="submit" class="nav-link btn btn-link text-dark">Logout</button>
            </form>
        </li>
    }
    else
    {
        <li class="nav-item">
            <a class="nav-link text-dark" asp-area="Identity" asp-page="/Account/Register">Register</a>
        </li>
        <li class="nav-item">
            <a class="nav-link text-dark" asp-area="Identity" asp-page="/Account/Login">Login</a>
        </li>
    }
</ul>

6.驗證Identity

默認的web項目模板容許匿名訪問到主頁的，爲了驗證Identity，給Privacy 頁面增長 [Authorize]

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.RazorPages;

namespace WebApp1.Pages
{
　　[Authorize]
    public class PrivacyModel : PageModel
    {
        public void OnGet()
        {
        }
    }
}