在Django中有至關多的操做是經過雙下劃線與動做鏈接起來使用,爲了之後更加方便的查找和使用,如今總結如下Django中基本的雙下劃線操做python
比較符:大於--gt 小於--lt 等於--eq 大於等於--gte 小於等於--ltedjango
models.Example.objects.filter(id__gt=1) # 獲取id大於1的值 models.Example.objects.filter(id__gte=1) # 獲取id大於等於1的值 models.Example.objects.filter(id__lt=10) # 獲取id小於10的值 models.Example.objects.filter(id__lte=10) # 獲取id小於10的值 models.Example.objects.filter(id__lt=10, id__gt=1) # 獲取id大於1 且 小於10的值
範圍操做符:app
包含-- in 在範圍內--range函數
models.Example.objects.filter(id__in=[11, 22, 33]) # 獲取id等於十一、2二、33的數據 models.Example.objects.exclude(id__in=[11, 22, 33]) # not in 其實是exclude的函數生效
包括--containspa
models.Example.objects.filter(name__contains="ven") models.Example.objects.filter(name__icontains="ven") # icontains大小寫不敏感 models.Example.objects.exclude(name__icontains="ven")
在範圍內--rangeblog
models.Example.objects.filter(id__range=[1, 2]) # 範圍bettwen 1 and 2
匹配操做符排序
爲空--isnullget
Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__isnull=True)
字符匹配:startswith,istartswith, endswith, iendswith, ‘i表明大小寫不敏感’it
類操做符:class
對某一類進行排序--order by
models.Example.objects.filter(name='seven').order_by('id') # asc 升序 models.Example.objects.filter(name='seven').order_by('-id') # desc降序
對某一類進行歸類--group by
from django.db.models import Count, Min, Max, Sum models.Example.objects.filter(c1=1).values('id').annotate(c=Count('num')) SELECT "app01_Example"."id", COUNT("app01_Example"."num") AS "c" FROM "app01_Example" WHERE "app01_Example"."c1" = 1 GROUP BY "app01_Example"."id"
正則匹配 regex iregex(不區分大小寫)
Entry.objects.get(title__regex=r'^(An?|The) +') Entry.objects.get(title__iregex=r'^(an?|the) +')
日期相關 date year month day week_day hour minute second
Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__date=datetime.date(2017, 1, 1)) Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__date__gt=datetime.date(2017, 1, 1)) Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__year=2017) Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__year__gte=2017) Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__month=12) Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__month__gte=6) Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__day=3) Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__day__gte=3) Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__week_day=2) Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__week_day__gte=2) Event.objects.filter(timestamp__hour=23) Event.objects.filter(time__hour=5) Event.objects.filter(timestamp__hour__gte=12) Event.objects.filter(timestamp__minute=29) Event.objects.filter(time__minute=46) Event.objects.filter(timestamp__minute__gte=29) Event.objects.filter(timestamp__second=31) Event.objects.filter(time__second=2) Event.objects.filter(timestamp__second__gte=31)