案例環境:javascript
系統類型 | IP地址 | 主機名 | 所需軟件 |
Centos 6.5 | 192.168.100.150 | www.linuxfan.cn | nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz |
配置版本號隱藏php
[root@www ~]# curl -I http://www.linuxfan.cn ##選項爲-i HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.6.2 Date: Wed, 11 Jul 2018 16:43:05 GMT Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 612 Last-Modified: Wed, 11 Jul 2018 16:40:55 GMT Connection: keep-alive ETag: "5b463317-264" Accept-Ranges: bytes [root@www ~]# vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf ##在http{}內添加便可 20 server_tokens off; :wq [root@www ~]# nginx -t ##檢查nginx配置文件語法 nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful [root@www ~]# killall -9 nginx [root@www ~]# nginx [root@www ~]# curl -I http://www.linuxfan.cn HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx ##版本已經隱藏 Date: Fri, 08 Dec 2017 22:56:00 GMT Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 612 Last-Modified: Fri, 08 Dec 2017 22:47:50 GMT Connection: keep-alive ETag: "5a2b1696-264" Accept-Ranges: bytes
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install pcre-devel zlib-devel popt-devel openssl-* [root@localhost ~]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx [root@localhost ~]# tar zxf nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz -C /usr/src/ [root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/src/nginx-1.6.2/ [root@localhost nginx-1.6.2]# vim src/core/nginx.h ##修改源代碼實現隱藏版本 13 #define NGINX_VERSION "6.6.6" 14 #define NGINX_VER "linuxfan.cn/" NGINX_VERSION 15 16 #define NGINX_VAR "linuxfan.cn" :wq [root@localhost nginx-1.6.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-file-aio --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-pcre && make && make install [root@localhost nginx-1.6.2]# cd [root@localhost ~]# ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/sbin/ [root@localhost ~]# nginx [root@localhost ~]# curl -I http://www.linuxfan.cn HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: linuxfan.cn/6.6.6 Date: Fri, 08 Dec 2017 23:06:20 GMT Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 612 Last-Modified: Fri, 08 Dec 2017 23:05:45 GMT Connection: keep-alive ETag: "5a2b1ac9-264" Accept-Ranges: bytes
做用:頁面緩存通常針對靜態網頁進行設置,對動態網頁不用設置緩存時間。方便客戶端在往後進行相同內容的請求時直接返回,以免重複請求,加快了訪問速度css
配置nginx緩存:html
[root@www ~]# cat <<END >/usr/local/nginx/html/index.html <html> <head> <title>www.linuxfan.cn</title> </head> <body> www.linuxfan.cn <img src="./linux.jpg"/> </body> </html> END [root@www ~]# ls /usr/local/nginx/html/ index.html linux.jpg [root@www ~]# vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 55 location ~ \.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|ico)$ { 56 expires 1d; 57 } 58 location ~ .*\.(js|css)$ { 59 expires 1h; 60 } :wq [root@www ~]# nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful [root@www ~]# killall -9 nginx [root@www ~]# nginx
客戶端訪問驗證:java
做用:在企業網站中,爲了不同一個客戶長時間佔用鏈接,形成服務器資源浪費,能夠設置相應的鏈接超時參數,實現控制鏈接訪問時間linux
配置項:android
keepalived_timeout | 設置鏈接保持超時時間,通常可只設置該參數,默認爲 65 秒,可根據網站的狀況設置,或者關閉,可在 http 段、 server 段、或者 location 段設置 |
client_header_timeout | 指定等待客戶端發送請求頭的超時時間 |
client_body_timeout | 設置請求體讀取超時時間 |
注意: 若出現超時,會返回 408 報錯nginx
[root@www ~]# vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 32 keepalive_timeout 65; 33 client_header_timeout 60; 34 client_body_timeout 60; :wq [root@www ~]# killall -9 nginx [root@www ~]# nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful [root@www ~]# nginx
做用:將服務端傳輸的網頁文件壓縮傳輸,使其更加快速、減小帶寬的佔用web
配置:apache
[root@www ~]# vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 37 gzip on; ##開啓 gzip 壓縮輸出 38 gzip_min_length 1k; ##用於設置容許壓縮的頁面最小字節數 39 gzip_buffers 4 16k; ##表示申請4 個單位爲 16k 的內存做爲壓縮結果流緩存,默認值是申請與原始數據大小相同的內存空間來儲存 gzip 壓縮結果 40 gzip_http_version 1.1; # #設置識別 http 協議版本,默認是 1.1 41 gzip_comp_level 2; ##gzip 壓縮比, 1-9 等級 42 gzip_types text/plain text/javascript application/x-javascript text/css text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss; ##壓縮類型,是就對哪些網頁文檔啓用壓縮功能 [root@www ~]# nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful [root@www ~]# killall nginx [root@www ~]# nginx
做用:限制訪問網站資源
配置項:
auth_basic "Nginx Status"; | 認證提示文字 |
auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/user.conf; | 認證用戶文件,可使用apache提供的htpasswd命令來生成文件 |
allow 192.168.100.1; | 容許客戶端ip地址 |
deny 192.168.100.0/24; | 拒絕的網段 |
配置:
[root@www ~]# yum -y install httpd-tools [root@www ~]# htpasswd -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/user.conf zs [root@www ~]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/user.conf zs:VJVdQdVHEIvZo [root@www ~]# vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 70 location /status { 71 stub_status on; 72 access_log off; 73 auth_basic "Nginx Status"; 74 auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/user.conf; 75 allow 192.168.100.1; 76 deny 192.168.100.0/24; 77 } [root@ www ~]# killall -9 nginx [root@ www ~]# nginx
客戶端訪問驗證:
做用:根據客戶端的訪問網站的返回狀態碼,爲其指定到特定的錯誤頁面
配置:
[root@ www ~]# vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 78 error_page 403 404 /404.html; 79 location = /404.html { 80 root html; 81 } [root@ www ~]# echo "deny" >>/usr/local/nginx/html/404.html [root@ www ~]# killall -9 nginx [root@www ~]# nginx
客戶端訪問驗證:
做用:將網站轉化爲相似ftp的站點,做爲共享文件的工具
配置:
[root@www ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/nginx/html/download/haha/ [root@www ~]# touch /usr/local/nginx/html/download/haha/{1..10}.txt [root@www ~]# vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 82 location /download { 83 autoindex on; 84 } [root@www ~]# killall -9 nginx [root@www ~]# nginx
客戶端訪問測試:
做用:將域名後綴的路徑設置一個別名,經過多種方式訪問
配置:
[root@www ~]# vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 85 location /dw { 86 alias /usr/local/nginx/html/haha/; 87 } [root@www ~]# mkdir /usr/local/nginx/html/haha [root@www ~]# echo "haha" >/usr/local/nginx/html/haha/index.html [root@www ~]# killall -9 nginx [root@www ~]# nginx
客戶端訪問測試:
技術要點:
a.剪切日誌後,使用kill -USR1發送信號從新生成日誌文件,同時還不影響網站請求處理進程。
b.錯誤時經過echo和tee -a命令將錯誤顯示的同時寫入到日誌文件/var/log/messages。
[root@www ~]# vi /root/cut_nginx_log.sh #!/bin/bash # by www.linuxfan.cn cut_nginx_log.sh datetime=$(date -d "-1 day" "+%Y%m%d") log_path="/usr/local/nginx/logs" pid_path="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid" mkdir -p $log_path/backup if [ -f $pid_path ] then mv $log_path/access.log $log_path/backup/access.log-$datetime kill -USR1 $(cat $pid_path) ##USR1一般被用來告知應用程序重載配置文件; find $log_path/backup -mtime +30 | xargs rm -f else echo "Error,Nginx is not working!" >> /var/log/messages fi :wq [root@www ~]# chmod +x /root/cut_nginx_log.sh [root@www ~]# echo "0 0 * * * /root/cut_nginx_log.sh" >>/var/spool/cron/root [root@www ~]# crontab -l 0 0 * * * /root/cut_nginx_log.sh [root@www ~]# sh -x /root/cut_nginx_log.sh [root@www ~]# ls /usr/local/nginx/logs/ access.log backup error.log nginx.pid [root@www ~]# ls /usr/local/nginx/logs/backup/ access.log-20171208
做用:防盜鏈就是防止別人盜用服務器中的圖片、文件、視頻等相關資源。防盜鏈:是經過location + rewrite實現的
應用舉例:
location ~* \.(wma|wmv|asf|mp3|mmf|zip|rar|jpg|gif|png|swf|flv)$ {
valid_referers none blocked *.linuxfan.cn linuxfan.cn;
if ($invalid_referer) {
rewrite ^/ http://www.linuxfan.cn/error.jpg;
第一行: wma|wmv|asf|mp3|mmf|zip|rar|jpg|gif|png|swf|flv 表示對這些後綴的文件進行防盜鏈。
第二行:valid_referers表示被容許的URL,none表示瀏覽器中 referer(Referer 是 header 的一部分,當瀏覽器向 web 服務器發送請求的時候,通常會帶上 Referer,告訴服務器我是從哪一個頁面連接過來的,服務器基此能夠得到一些信息用於處理) 爲空的狀況,就直接在瀏覽器訪問圖片,blocked referer 不爲空的狀況,可是值被代理或防火牆刪除了,這些值不以http://或 https://開頭,*.linuxfan是匹配URL的域名。
第三行:if{}判斷若是是來自於invalid_referer(不被容許的URL)連接,即不是來自第二行指定的URL,就強制跳轉到錯誤頁面,固然直接返回 404 (return 404)也是能夠的,也能夠是圖片。
注意:防盜鏈測試時,不要和expires配置一塊兒使用。
案例環境:
系統類型 | IP地址 | 主機名 | 所需軟件 |
Centos 6.5 | 192.168.100.150 | www.linuxfan.cn | nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz |
Centos 6.5 | 192.168.100.151 | www.linuxren.cn | nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz |
1.搭建並配置www.linuxfan.cn
[root@linuxfan ~]# yum -y install pcre-devel zlib-devel popt-devel openssl-devel openssl [root@linuxfan ~]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx [root@linuxfan ~]# tar zxvf nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz -C /usr/src/ [root@linuxfan ~]# cd /usr/src/nginx-1.6.2/ [root@linuxfan nginx-1.6.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-file-aio --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-pcre && make && make install [root@linuxfan nginx-1.6.2]# cd [root@linuxfan ~]# ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/sbin/ [root@linuxfan ~]# nginx [root@linuxfan ~]# netstat -utlpn |grep 80 tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5618/nginx [root@linuxfan ~]# vi /usr/local/nginx/html/index.html <html> <head> <title>www.linuxfan.cn</title> </head> <body> www.lunuxfan.cn <img src="./linux.jpg"/> </body> </html> [root@linuxfan ~]# ls /usr/local/nginx/html/ index.html linux.jpg
客戶端訪問測試:
2.搭建並配置www.linuxren.cn
[root@linuxren ~]# yum -y install pcre-devel zlib-devel popt-devel openssl-devel openssl [root@linuxren ~]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx [root@linuxren ~]# tar zxvf nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz -C /usr/src/ [root@linuxren ~]# cd /usr/src/nginx-1.6.2/ [root@linuxren nginx-1.6.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-file-aio --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-pcre && make && make install [root@linuxren nginx-1.6.2]# cd [root@linuxren ~]# ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/sbin/ [root@linuxren ~]# nginx [root@linuxren ~]# netstat -utlpn |grep 80 tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5618/nginx [root@linuxren ~]# vi /usr/local/nginx/html/index.html <html> <head> <title>www.linuxren.cn</title> </head> <body> www.linuxren.cn <img src="http://www.linuxfan.cn/linux.jpg"/> </body> </html>
客戶端訪問測試:
3.爲linuxfan主機設置防盜鏈
[root@linuxfan ~]# vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf location ~* \.(wma|wmv|asf|mp3|mmf|zip|rar|jpg|gif|png|swf|flv|jpeg) { valid_referers nonde blocked *.linuxfan.cn linuxfan.cn; if ($invalid_referer){ rewrite ^/ http://www.linuxfan.cn/error.jpg; } } ##注意:不得存在如下配置: 55 location ~ \.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|ico)$ { 56 expires 1d; 57 } [root@linuxfan ~]# killall -9 nginx [root@ linuxfan ~]# nginx
4.清空瀏覽器的緩存,再次訪問網站測試
做用:在同一臺服務器上部署多個網站,減免資源的佔用
實現方式:
1.不一樣IP,不一樣域名,相同端口
2.相同IP,相同域名,不一樣端口
3.相同IP,相同端口,不一樣域名
案例環境:
系統類型 | IP地址 | 主機名 | 所需軟件 |
Centos 6.5 | 192.168.100.151 | www.linuxren.cn | nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz |
[root@linuxren ~]# ip a |grep 192.168.100 inet 192.168.100.151/24 brd 192.168.100.255 scope global eth0 inet 192.168.100.200/24 brd 192.168.100.255 scope global secondary eth0:0 [root@linuxren ~]# vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf worker_processes 1; events { use epoll; worker_connections 4096; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; log_format main '$remote_addr -$remote_user [$time_local] "$request"' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for" '; access_log logs/access.log main; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 65; server { listen 192.168.100.151:80; server_name www.linuxfan.cn; charset utf-8; access_log logs/linuxfan.access.log main; location / { root /var/www/linuxfan/; index index.html index.php; } } server { listen 192.168.100.200:80; server_name www.linuxren.cn; charset utf-8; access_log logs/linuxren.access.log main; location / { root /var/www/linuxren/; index index.html index.php; } } } [root@linuxren ~]# mkdir -p /var/www/linuxfan [root@linuxren ~]# mkdir -p /var/www/linuxren [root@linuxren ~]# echo "www.linuxfan.cn" >/var/www/linuxfan/index.html [root@linuxren ~]# echo "www.linuxren.cn" >/var/www/linuxren/index.html [root@linuxren ~]# killall -9 nginx [root@linuxren ~]# nginx
客戶端訪問測試:
[root@linuxren ~]# vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf worker_processes 1; events { use epoll; worker_connections 4096; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; log_format main '$remote_addr -$remote_user [$time_local] "$request"' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for" '; access_log logs/access.log main; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 65; server { listen 192.168.100.151:80; server_name www.linuxfan.cn; charset utf-8; access_log logs/linuxfan.access.log main; location / { root /var/www/linuxfan/; index index.html index.php; } } server { listen 192.168.100.151:80; server_name www.linuxren.cn; charset utf-8; access_log logs/linuxren.access.log main; location / { root /var/www/linuxren/; index index.html index.php; } } } [root@linuxren ~]# killall -9 nginx [root@linuxren ~]# nginx
客戶端訪問測試:
[root@linuxren ~]# vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf worker_processes 1; events { use epoll; worker_connections 4096; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; log_format main '$remote_addr -$remote_user [$time_local] "$request"' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for" '; access_log logs/access.log main; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 65; server { listen 192.168.100.151:80; server_name www.linuxfan.cn; charset utf-8; access_log logs/linuxfan.access.log main; location / { root /var/www/linuxfan/; index index.html index.php; } } server { listen 192.168.100.151:8080; server_name www.linuxfan.cn; charset utf-8; access_log logs/linuxren.access.log main; location / { root /var/www/linuxren/; index index.html index.php; } } } [root@linuxren ~]# killall -9 nginx [root@linuxren ~]# nginx
客戶端訪問測試:
原理:
1.Nginx 的主進程( master process)啓動後完成配置加載和端口綁定等動做, fork 出指定數量的工做進程( worker process),這些子進程會持有監聽端口的文件描述符( fd),並經過在該描述符上添加監聽事件來接受鏈接( accept)
2.Nginx 主進程在啓動完成後會進入等待狀態,負責響應各種系統消息,如 SIGCHLD、 SIGHUP、SIGUSR2 等
3.主進程支持的信號:
TERM, INT: 馬上退出; QUIT: 等待工做進程結束後再退出
KILL: 強制終止進程; HUP: 從新加載配置文件,使用新的配置啓動工做進程,並逐步關閉舊進程。
USR1: 從新打開日誌文件; USR2: 啓動新的主進程,實現熱升級
WINCH: 逐步關閉工做進程及工做進程支持的信號;
過程:
1.查看舊版 nginx 的編譯參數;
2.編譯新版本 Nginx 源碼包,安裝路徑需與舊版一致,注意:不要執行 make install;
3.備份二進制文件,用新版本的替換;
4.確保配置文件無報錯;
5.發送 USR2 信號:向主進程( master)發送 USR2 信號, Nginx 會啓動一個新版本的 master 進程和對應工做進程,和舊版一塊兒處理請求;
6.發送 WINCH 信號:向舊的 Nginx 主進程( master)發送 WINCH 信號,它會逐步關閉本身的工做進程(主進程不退出),這時全部請求都會由新版 Nginx 處理;
7.發送 QUIT 信號:升級完畢,可向舊的 Nginx 主進程( master)發送( QUIT、 TERM、或者 KILL)信號,使舊的主進程退出;
8.驗證 nginx 版本號,並訪問測試;
配置:
準備軟件包並查看舊版安裝選項
[root@linuxren ~]# ls nginx-1.* nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz [root@linuxren ~]# nginx -V nginx version: nginx/1.6.2 built by gcc 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-4) (GCC) TLS SNI support enabled configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-file-aio --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-pcre
安裝新版本Nginx
[root@linuxren ~]# tar zxvf nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz -C /usr/src/ [root@linuxren ~]# cd /usr/src/nginx-1.12.0/ [root@linuxren nginx-1.12.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-file-aio --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-pcre && make ##不能加make install,如若添加,則覆蓋了 [root@linuxren nginx-1.12.0]# mv /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx.old [root@linuxren nginx-1.12.0]# cp objs/nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin/ [root@linuxren nginx-1.12.0]# nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
使用信號實現熱升級
[root@linuxren ~]# ps aux |grep nginx |grep -v grep root 6059(老版本主進程) 0.0 0.2 45000 1032 ? Ss 13:03 0:00 nginx: master process nginx nginx 6060 0.0 0.3 45432 1624 ? S 13:03 0:00 nginx: worker process [root@linuxren ~]# kill -USR2 6059 ##發送 USR2 信號:向主進程( master)發送 USR2 信號, Nginx 會啓動一個新版本的 master 進程和對應工做進程,和舊版一塊兒處理請求。 [root@linuxren ~]# kill -WINCH $(cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid) ##關閉老版本的worker進程 [root@linuxren ~]# kill -QUIT $(cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid) ##關閉老版本的master進程 [root@linuxren ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx ##從新加載新版本的命令 [root@linuxren ~]# ps aux |grep nginx |grep -v grep root 3864 0.0 0.2 45192 1188 ? Ss 03:24 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx nginx 3865 0.0 0.6 46904 3052 ? S 03:24 0:00 nginx: worker process [root@linuxren ~]# nginx -V nginx version: nginx/1.12.0 built by gcc 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-4) (GCC) built with OpenSSL 1.0.1e-fips 11 Feb 2013 TLS SNI support enabled configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-file-aio --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-pcre
做用:網站適配PC和手機設備,首先要能作出準確的判斷。HTTP請求的Header中的User-Agent能夠區分客戶端的瀏覽器類型,能夠經過User-Agent來判斷客戶端的設備
配置:
[root@linuxfan ~]# mkdir -p /var/www/shouji [root@linuxfan ~]# mkdir -p /var/www/diannao [root@linuxfan ~]# cat <<END >>/var/www/shouji/index.html my name is iphone!!! END [root@linuxfan ~]# cat <<END >>/var/www/diannao/index.html my name is computer!!! END [root@linuxfan ~]# vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf worker_processes 1; events { use epoll; worker_connections 4096; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; log_format main '$remote_addr -$remote_user [$time_local] "$request"' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for" '; access_log logs/access.log main; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 65; server { listen 192.168.100.150:80; server_name www.linuxfan.cn; charset utf-8; access_log logs/linuxfan.access.log main; #禁止Scrapy等工具的抓取 if ($http_user_agent ~* (Scrapy|Curl|HttpClient)) { return 403; } #禁止指定UA及UA爲空的訪問 if ($http_user_agent ~ "FeedDemon|JikeSpider|Indy Library|Alexa Toolbar|AskTbFXTV|AhrefsBot|CrawlDaddy|CoolpadWebkit|Java|Feedly|UniversalFeedParser|ApacheBench|Microsoft URL Control|Swiftbot|ZmEu|oBot|jaunty|Python-urllib|lightDeckReports Bot|YYSpider|DigExt|YisouSpider|HttpClient|MJ12bot|heritrix|EasouSpider|LinkpadBot|Ezooms|^$" ) { return 403; } #禁止非GET|HEAD|POST方式的抓取 if ($request_method !~ ^(GET|HEAD|POST)$) { return 403; } ##配置UA頁面移動端和PC端頁面分離; set $mobile_rewrite do_not_perform; if ($http_user_agent ~* "(android|bb\d+|meego).+mobile|avantgo|bada\/|blackberry|blazer|compal|elaine|fennec|hiptop|iemobile|ip(hone|od)|iris|kindle|lge|maemo|midp|mmp|mobile.+firefox|netfront|operam(ob|in)i|palm(os)?|phone|p(ixi|re)\/|plucker|pocket|psp|series(4|6)0|symbian|treo|up\.(browser|link)|vodafone|wap|windows ce|xda|xiino") { set $mobile_rewrite perform; } if ($http_user_agent ~* "^(1207|6310|6590|3gso|4thp|50[1-6]i|770s|802s|a wa|abac|ac(er|oo|s\-)|ai(ko|rn)|al(av|ca|co)|amoi|an(ex|ny|yw)|aptu|ar(ch|go)|as(te|us)|attw|au(di|\-m|r|s )|avan|be(ck|ll|nq)|bi(lb|rd)|bl(ac|az)|br(e|v)w|bumb|bw\-(n|u)|c55\/|capi|ccwa|cdm\-|cell|chtm|cldc|cmd\-|co(mp|nd)|craw|da(it|ll|ng)|dbte|dc\-s|devi|dica|dmob|do(c|p)o|ds(12|\-d)|el(49|ai)|em(l2|ul)|er(ic|k0)|esl8|ez([4-7]0|os|wa|ze)|fetc|fly(\-|_)|g1 u|g560|gene|gf\-5|g\-mo|go(\.w|od)|gr(ad|un)|haie|hcit|hd\-(m|p|t)|hei\-|hi(pt|ta)|hp( i|ip)|hs\-c|ht(c(\-||_|a|g|p|s|t)|tp)|hu(aw|tc)|i\-(20|go|ma)|i230|iac( |\-|\/)|ibro|idea|ig01|ikom|im1k|inno|ipaq|iris|ja(t|v)a|jbro|jemu|jigs|kddi|keji|kgt(|\/)|klon|kpt|kwc\-|kyo(c|k)|le(no|xi)|lg( g|\/(k|l|u)|50|54|\-[a-w])|libw|lynx|m1\-w|m3ga|m50\/|ma(te|ui|xo)|mc(01|21|ca)|m\-cr|me(rc|ri)|mi(o8|oa|ts)|mmef|mo(01|02|bi|de|do|t(\-||o|v)|zz)|mt(50|p1|v )|mwbp|mywa|n10[0-2]|n20[2-3]|n30(0|2)|n50(0|2|5)|n7(0(0|1)|10)|ne((c|m)\-|on|tf|wf|wg|wt)|nok(6|i)|nzph|o2im|op(ti|wv)|oran|owg1|p800|pan(a|d|t)|pdxg|pg(13|\-([1-8]|c))|phil|pire|pl(ay|uc)|pn\-2|po(ck|rt|se)|prox|psio|pt\-g|qa\-a|qc(07|12|21|32|60|\-[2-7]|i\-)|qtek|r380|r600|raks|rim9|ro(ve|zo)|s55\/|sa(ge|ma|mm|ms|ny|va)|sc(01|h\-|oo|p\-)|sdk\/|se(c(\-|0|1)|47|mc|nd|ri)|sgh\-|shar|sie(\-|m)|sk\-0|sl(45|id)|sm(al|ar|b3|it|t5)|so(ft|ny)|sp(01|h\-|v\-|v )|sy(01|mb)|t2(18|50)|t6(00|10|18)|ta(gt|lk)|tcl\-|tdg\-|tel(i|m)|tim\-|t\-mo|to(pl|sh)|ts(70|m\-|m3|m5)|tx\-9|up(\.b|g1|si)|utst|v400|v750|veri|vi(rg|te)|vk(40|5[0-3]|\-v)|vm40|voda|vulc|vx(52|53|60|61|70|80|81|83|85|98)|w3c(\-|)|webc|whit|wi(g|nc|nw)|wmlb|wonu|x700|yas\-|your|zeto|zte\-)") { set $mobile_rewrite perform; } location / { root /var/www/diannao/; index index.html index.php; if ($mobile_rewrite = perform) { root /var/www/shouji/; } } } } [root@linuxfan ~]# killall -9 nginx [root@linuxfan ~]# nginx
客戶端訪問測試:
第三方模塊下載地址:https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/modules/
[root@linuxfan ~]# ls echo-nginx-module-0.60.tar.gz nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz [root@linuxfan ~]# tar zxvf echo-nginx-module-0.60.tar.gz -C /usr/src/ [root@linuxfan ~]# tar zxvf nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz -C /usr/src/ [root@linuxfan ~]# cd /usr/src/nginx-1.6.2/ [root@linuxfan nginx-1.6.2# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-file-aio --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-pcre --add-module=/usr/src/echo-nginx-module-0.60/ &&make &&make install [root@linuxfan nginx-1.6.2# cd [root@linuxfan ~]# ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/* /usr/local/sbin/ [root@linuxfan ~] # vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf worker_processes 1; events { use epoll; worker_connections 4096; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; log_format main '$remote_addr -$remote_user [$time_local] "$request"' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for" '; access_log logs/access.log main; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 65; server { listen 192.168.100.150:80; server_name www.linuxfan.cn; charset utf-8; access_log logs/linuxfan.access.log main; location / { echo "nginx"; } } } [root@linuxfan ~]# killall -9 nginx [root@linuxfan ~]# nginx [root@linuxfan ~]# curl 192.168.100.150 nginx [root@linuxfan ~]# curl -I 192.168.100.150 HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.6.2 Date: Fri, 13 Jul 2018 18:06:42 GMT Content-Type: application/octet-stream Connection: keep-alive