如今RxJava和RxAndroid愈來愈火爆,本身在業餘時間也學習了一下,感受確實很好用,以前 爲了完成頁面刷新,數據請求,組件信息傳遞的時候,要使用handler,真的是邏輯思路很強,稍微不注意,就各類錯誤一大堆。這下有了RxJava和RxAndroid,真的爽。 RxJava 網上有不少給RxJava作定義的,不少人說的比較官方,而我是比較笨的那種人,因此看了好久也沒有看懂,不過最後在一個博客中,看到 RxJava就是異步 我決定這句話歸納的仍是很是好的!!!
不過咱們仍是要來先看一下官方給出的定義 定義 RxJava:a library for composing asynchronous and event-based programs using observable sequences for the Java VM // 翻譯:RxJava 是一個在 Java VM 上使用可觀測的序列來組成異步的、基於事件的程序的庫 因此說,RxJava 是一個 基於事件流、實現異步操做的庫 特色: RxJava的使用方式是:基於事件流的鏈式調用 1. 邏輯簡潔 2. 實現優雅 3. 使用簡單 更重要的是,隨着程序邏輯的複雜性提升,它依然可以保持簡潔 & 優雅 原理 這個地方使用的是別人的例子,我以爲很好 顧客到餐廳吃飯
RxJava是一種基於擴展的觀察者模式 在RxJava中有四種角色: 角色 做用 類比 被觀察者(Observable) 產生事件 顧客 觀察者(Observer) 接收事件,並給出響應動做 廚房 訂閱(Subscribe) 鏈接 被觀察者 & 觀察者 服務員 事件(Event) 被觀察者 & 觀察者 溝通的載體 菜式
即RxJava原理可總結爲:被觀察者 (Observable) 經過 訂閱(Subscribe) 按順序發送事件(Event) 給觀察者 (Observer), 觀察者(Observer) 按順序接收事件 & 做出對應的響應動做。具體以下圖
配置 compile 'io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxjava:2.0.1' compile 'io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxandroid:2.0.1' RxJava的使用 使用方式: 1. 分步驟實現:該方法主要爲了深刻說明Rxjava的原理 & 使用,主要用於演示說明 2. 基於事件流的鏈式調用:主要用於實際使用 分步實現的步驟
建立被觀察者(Obserable)和生產事件 即:顧客-坐下餐桌-點菜 具體實現: // 1. 建立被觀察者 Observable 對象 Observable<Integer> observable = Observable.create(new ObservableOnSubscribe<Integer>() { // create() 是 RxJava 最基本的創造事件序列的方法 // 此處傳入了一個 OnSubscribe 對象參數 // 當 Observable 被訂閱時,OnSubscribe 的 call() 方法會自動被調用,即事件序列就會依照設定依次被觸發 // 即觀察者會依次調用對應事件的複寫方法從而響應事件 // 從而實現被觀察者調用了觀察者的回調方法 & 由被觀察者向觀察者的事件傳遞,即觀察者模式 // 2. 在複寫的subscribe()裏定義須要發送的事件 @Override public void subscribe(ObservableEmitter<Integer> emitter) throws Exception { // 經過 ObservableEmitter類對象產生事件並通知觀察者 // ObservableEmitter類介紹 // a. 定義:事件發射器 // b. 做用:定義須要發送的事件 & 向觀察者發送事件 emitter.onNext(1); emitter.onNext(2); emitter.onNext(3); emitter.onComplete(); } }); <--擴展:RxJava 提供了其餘方法用於 建立被觀察者對象Observable --> // 方法1:just(T...):直接將傳入的參數依次發送出來 Observable observable = Observable.just("A", "B", "C"); // 將會依次調用: // onNext("A"); // onNext("B"); // onNext("C"); // onCompleted(); // 方法2:from(T[]) / from(Iterable<? extends T>) : 將傳入的數組 / Iterable 拆分紅具體對象後,依次發送出來 String[] words = {"A", "B", "C"}; Observable observable = Observable.from(words); // 將會依次調用: // onNext("A"); // onNext("B"); // onNext("C"); // onCompleted(); 關於onComplete和onError惟一而且互斥這一點, 是須要自行在代碼中進行控制, 若是你的代碼邏輯中違背了這個規則, 並不必定會致使程序崩潰. 好比發送多個onComplete是能夠正常運行的, 依然是收到第一個onComplete就再也不接收了, 但如果發送多個onError, 則收到第二個onError事件會致使程序會崩潰. 建立觀察者 (Observer )並 定義響應事件的行爲 即 開廚房 - 肯定對應菜式 發生的事件類型包括:Next事件、Complete事件 & Error事件
具體實現: //方式1:採用Observer 接口 -- > // 1. 建立觀察者 (Observer )對象 Observer<Integer> observer = new Observer<Integer>() { // 2. 建立對象時經過對應複寫對應事件方法 從而 響應對應事件 // 觀察者接收事件前,默認最早調用複寫 onSubscribe() @Override public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) { Log.d(TAG, "開始採用subscribe鏈接"); } // 當被觀察者生產Next事件 & 觀察者接收到時,會調用該複寫方法 進行響應 @Override public void onNext(Integer value) { Log.d(TAG, "對Next事件做出響應" + value); } // 當被觀察者生產Error事件& 觀察者接收到時,會調用該複寫方法 進行響應 @Override public void onError(Throwable e) { Log.d(TAG, "對Error事件做出響應"); } // 當被觀察者生產Complete事件& 觀察者接收到時,會調用該複寫方法 進行響應 @Override public void onComplete() { Log.d(TAG, "對Complete事件做出響應"); } }; //方式2:採用Subscriber 抽象類 -- > // 說明:Subscriber類 = RxJava 內置的一個實現了 Observer 的抽象類,對 Observer 接口進行了擴展 // 1. 建立觀察者 (Observer )對象 Subscriber<String> subscriber = new Subscriber<Integer>() { // 2. 建立對象時經過對應複寫對應事件方法 從而 響應對應事件 // 觀察者接收事件前,默認最早調用複寫 onSubscribe() @Override public void onSubscribe(Subscription s) { Log.d(TAG, "開始採用subscribe鏈接"); } // 當被觀察者生產Next事件 & 觀察者接收到時,會調用該複寫方法 進行響應 @Override public void onNext(Integer value) { Log.d(TAG, "對Next事件做出響應" + value); } // 當被觀察者生產Error事件& 觀察者接收到時,會調用該複寫方法 進行響應 @Override public void onError(Throwable e) { Log.d(TAG, "對Error事件做出響應"); } // 當被觀察者生產Complete事件& 觀察者接收到時,會調用該複寫方法 進行響應 @Override public void onComplete() { Log.d(TAG, "對Complete事件做出響應"); } }; //特別注意:2 種方法的區別,即Subscriber 抽象類與Observer 接口的區別-- > // 相同點:兩者基本使用方式徹底一致(實質上,在RxJava的 subscribe 過程當中,Observer老是會先被轉換成Subscriber再使用) // 不一樣點:Subscriber抽象類對 Observer 接口進行了擴展,新增了兩個方法: // 1. onStart():在還未響應事件前調用,用於作一些初始化工做 // 2. unsubscribe():用於取消訂閱。在該方法被調用後,觀察者將再也不接收 & 響應事件 // 調用該方法前,先使用 isUnsubscribed() 判斷狀態,肯定被觀察者Observable是否還持有觀察者Subscriber的引用,若是引用不能及時釋放,就會出現內存泄露 經過訂閱(Subscribe)鏈接觀察者和被觀察者 顧客找到服務員 - 點菜 - 服務員下單到廚房 - 廚房烹調 具體實現: observable.subscribe(observer); // 或者 observable.subscribe(subscriber); ``` 擴展說明: ``` <-- Observable.subscribe(Subscriber) 的內部實現 --> public Subscription subscribe(Subscriber subscriber) { subscriber.onStart(); // 步驟1中 觀察者 subscriber抽象類複寫的方法,用於初始化工做 onSubscribe.call(subscriber); // 經過該調用,從而回調觀察者中的對應方法從而響應被觀察者生產的事件 // 從而實現被觀察者調用了觀察者的回調方法 & 由被觀察者向觀察者的事件傳遞,即觀察者模式 // 同時也看出:Observable只是生產事件,真正的發送事件是在它被訂閱的時候,即當 subscribe() 方法執行時 } 基於事件流的鏈式調用 在實際應用中,會將上述步驟&代碼連在一塊兒,從而更加簡潔、更加優雅,即所謂的 RxJava基於事件流的鏈式調用 // RxJava的鏈式操做 Observable.create(new ObservableOnSubscribe<Integer>() { // 1. 建立被觀察者 & 生產事件 @Override public void subscribe(ObservableEmitter<Integer> emitter) throws Exception { emitter.onNext(1); emitter.onNext(2); emitter.onNext(3); emitter.onComplete(); } }).subscribe(new Observer<Integer>() { // 2. 經過經過訂閱(subscribe)鏈接觀察者和被觀察者 // 3. 建立觀察者 & 定義響應事件的行爲 @Override public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) { Log.d(TAG, "開始採用subscribe鏈接"); } // 默認最早調用複寫的 onSubscribe() @Override public void onNext(Integer value) { Log.d(TAG, "對Next事件"+ value +"做出響應" ); } @Override public void onError(Throwable e) { Log.d(TAG, "對Error事件做出響應"); } @Override public void onComplete() { Log.d(TAG, "對Complete事件做出響應"); } }); } } 注意:總體方法調用順序:觀察者.onSubscribe()> 被觀察者.subscribe()> 觀察者.onNext()>觀察者.onComplete() 隨着程序邏輯的複雜性提升,它依然可以保持簡潔 & 優雅。因此,通常建議使用這種基於事件流的鏈式調用方式實現RxJava RxJava 2.x 提供了多個函數式接口 ,用於實現簡便式的觀察者模式
以consumer爲例,實現觀察者模式 Observable.just("hello").subscribe(new Consumer<String>() { // 每次接收到Observable的事件都會調用Consumer.accept() @Override public void accept(String s) throws Exception { System.out.println(s); } }); 實際使用 使用分步實現 package com.paulniu.rxjavademo; import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.util.Log; import org.reactivestreams.Subscriber; import org.reactivestreams.Subscription; import io.reactivex.Observable; import io.reactivex.ObservableEmitter; import io.reactivex.ObservableOnSubscribe; import io.reactivex.Observer; import io.reactivex.disposables.Disposable; public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { public static final String TAG = "MainActivity"; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); //1.建立觀察者Observable對象 Observable<Integer>observable = Observable.create(new ObservableOnSubscribe<Integer>() { @Override public void subscribe(ObservableEmitter<Integer> e) throws Exception { // 在複寫的subscribe()裏定義須要發送的事件 // 經過 ObservableEmitter類對象產生事件並通知觀察者 // ObservableEmitter類介紹 // a. 定義:事件發射器 // b. 做用:定義須要發送的事件 & 向觀察者發送事件 e.onNext(1); e.onNext(2); e.onNext(3); //完成發送 e.onComplete(); } }); //2:建立觀察者 Observer 並 定義響應事件行爲 Observer<Integer>observer = new Observer<Integer>() { // 經過複寫對應方法來 響應 被觀察者 @Override public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) { // 默認最早調用複寫的 onSubscribe() Log.d(TAG, "開始採用subscribe鏈接"); } @Override public void onNext(Integer value) { Log.d(TAG, "對Next事件"+ value +"做出響應" ); } @Override public void onError(Throwable e) { Log.d(TAG, "對Error事件做出響應"); } @Override public void onComplete() { Log.d(TAG, "對Complete事件做出響應"); } }; //3:經過訂閱(subscribe)鏈接觀察者和被觀察者 observable.subscribe(observer); } } 實驗結果:
基於事件流的鏈式調用方式 // RxJava的流式操做 Observable.create(new ObservableOnSubscribe<Integer>() { // 1. 建立被觀察者 & 生產事件 @Override public void subscribe(ObservableEmitter<Integer> emitter) throws Exception { emitter.onNext(1); emitter.onNext(2); emitter.onNext(3); emitter.onComplete(); } }).subscribe(new Observer<Integer>() { // 2. 經過經過訂閱(subscribe)鏈接觀察者和被觀察者 // 3. 建立觀察者 & 定義響應事件的行爲 @Override public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) { Log.d(TAG, "開始採用subscribe鏈接"); } // 默認最早調用複寫的 onSubscribe() @Override public void onNext(Integer value) { Log.d(TAG, "對Next事件"+ value +"做出響應" ); } @Override public void onError(Throwable e) { Log.d(TAG, "對Error事件做出響應"); } @Override public void onComplete() { Log.d(TAG, "對Complete事件做出響應"); } }); 實現效果和上圖同樣 除了此以外,觀察者Observer的subscribe()具備重載方法 public final Disposable subscribe() {} // 表示觀察者不對被觀察者發送的事件做出任何響應(但被觀察者仍是能夠繼續發送事件) public final Disposable subscribe(Consumer<? super T> onNext) {} // 表示觀察者只對被觀察者發送的Next事件做出響應 public final Disposable subscribe(Consumer<? super T> onNext, Consumer<? super Throwable> onError) {} // 表示觀察者只對被觀察者發送的Next事件 & Error事件做出響應 public final Disposable subscribe(Consumer<? super T> onNext, Consumer<? super Throwable> onError, Action onComplete) {} // 表示觀察者只對被觀察者發送的Next事件、Error事件 & Complete事件做出響應 public final Disposable subscribe(Consumer<? super T> onNext, Consumer<? super Throwable> onError, Action onComplete, Consumer<? super Disposable> onSubscribe) {} // 表示觀察者只對被觀察者發送的Next事件、Error事件 、Complete事件 & onSubscribe事件做出響應 public final void subscribe(Observer<? super T> observer) {} // 表示觀察者對被觀察者發送的任何事件都做出響應 可採用 Disposable.dispose() 切斷觀察者 與 被觀察者 之間的鏈接 即觀察者 沒法繼續 接收 被觀察者的事件,但被觀察者仍是能夠繼續發送事件 // 主要在觀察者 Observer中 實現 Observer<Integer> observer = new Observer<Integer>() { // 1. 定義Disposable類變量 private Disposable mDisposable; @Override public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) { Log.d(TAG, "開始採用subscribe鏈接"); // 2. 對Disposable類變量賦值 mDisposable = d; } @Override public void onNext(Integer value) { Log.d(TAG, "對Next事件"+ value +"做出響應" ); if (value == 2) { // 設置在接收到第二個事件後切斷觀察者和被觀察者的鏈接 mDisposable.dispose(); Log.d(TAG, "已經切斷了鏈接:" + mDisposable.isDisposed()); } } @Override public void onError(Throwable e) { Log.d(TAG, "對Error事件做出響應"); } @Override public void onComplete() { Log.d(TAG, "對Complete事件做出響應"); } }; 運行結果
RxJava的操做符
做用:建立被觀察者對象(Observable)和發送事件
基本建立 完整建立一個被觀察者,同時也是建立被觀察者對象最基本的操做符 create() 具體使用 / ** * 1. 經過creat()建立被觀察者 Observable 對象 */ Observable<Integer> observable = Observable.create(new ObservableOnSubscribe<Integer>() { // 傳入參數: OnSubscribe 對象 // 當 Observable 被訂閱時,OnSubscribe 的 call() 方法會自動被調用,即事件序列就會依照設定依次被觸發 // 即觀察者會依次調用對應事件的複寫方法從而響應事件 // 從而實現由被觀察者向觀察者的事件傳遞 & 被觀察者調用了觀察者的回調方法 ,即觀察者模式 / ** * 2. 在複寫的subscribe()裏定義須要發送的事件 */ @Override public void subscribe(ObservableEmitter<Integer> emitter) throws Exception { // 經過 ObservableEmitter類對象 產生 & 發送事件 // ObservableEmitter類介紹 // a. 定義:事件發射器 // b. 做用:定義須要發送的事件 & 向觀察者發送事件 // 注:建議發送事件前檢查觀察者的isUnsubscribed狀態,以便在沒有觀察者時,讓Observable中止發射數據 if (!observer.isUnsubscribed()) { emitter.onNext(1); emitter.onNext(2); emitter.onNext(3); } emitter.onComplete(); } }); // 至此,一個完整的被觀察者對象(Observable)就建立完畢了。 可是在使用的時候通常採用鏈式方式 // 1. 經過creat()建立被觀察者對象 Observable.create(new ObservableOnSubscribe<Integer>() { // 2. 在複寫的subscribe()裏定義須要發送的事件 @Override public void subscribe(ObservableEmitter<Integer> emitter) throws Exception { emitter.onNext(1); emitter.onNext(2); emitter.onNext(3); emitter.onComplete(); } // 至此,一個被觀察者對象(Observable)就建立完畢 }).subscribe(new Observer<Integer>() { // 如下步驟僅爲展現一個完整demo,能夠忽略 // 3. 經過經過訂閱(subscribe)鏈接觀察者和被觀察者 // 4. 建立觀察者 & 定義響應事件的行爲 @Override public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) { Log.d(TAG, "開始採用subscribe鏈接"); } // 默認最早調用複寫的 onSubscribe() @Override public void onNext(Integer value) { Log.d(TAG, "接收到了事件"+ value ); } @Override public void onError(Throwable e) { Log.d(TAG, "對Error事件做出響應"); } @Override public void onComplete() { Log.d(TAG, "對Complete事件做出響應"); } }); } 結果
just() 快速建立1個被觀察者對象(Observable),直接發送 傳入的事件 最多隻能傳10個參數 具體使用: // 1. 建立時傳入整型一、二、三、4 // 在建立後就會發送這些對象,至關於執行了onNext(1)、onNext(2)、onNext(3)、onNext(4) Observable.just(1, 2, 3,4) // 至此,一個Observable對象建立完畢,如下步驟僅爲展現一個完整demo,能夠忽略 // 2. 經過經過訂閱(subscribe)鏈接觀察者和被觀察者 // 3. 建立觀察者 & 定義響應事件的行爲 .subscribe(new Observer<Integer>() { @Override public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) { Log.d(TAG, "開始採用subscribe鏈接"); } // 默認最早調用複寫的 onSubscribe() @Override public void onNext(Integer value) { Log.d(TAG, "接收到了事件"+ value ); } @Override public void onError(Throwable e) { Log.d(TAG, "對Error事件做出響應"); } @Override public void onComplete() { Log.d(TAG, "對Complete事件做出響應"); } }); } 結果:
fromArray() 快速建立1個被觀察者對象(Observable),直接發送 傳入的數組數據 會將數組中的數據轉換爲Observable對象 具體使用: // 1. 設置須要傳入的數組 Integer[] items = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 }; // 2. 建立被觀察者對象(Observable)時傳入數組 // 在建立後就會將該數組轉換成Observable & 發送該對象中的全部數據 Observable.fromArray(items) .subscribe(new Observer<Integer>() { @Override public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) { Log.d(TAG, "開始採用subscribe鏈接"); } @Override public void onNext(Integer value) { Log.d(TAG, "接收到了事件"+ value ); } @Override public void onError(Throwable e) { Log.d(TAG, "對Error事件做出響應"); } @Override public void onComplete() { Log.d(TAG, "對Complete事件做出響應"); } }); } // 注: // 可發送10個以上參數 // 若直接傳遞一個list集合進去,不然會直接把list當作一個數據元素髮送 /* * 數組遍歷 **/ // 1. 設置須要傳入的數組 Integer[] items = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 }; // 2. 建立被觀察者對象(Observable)時傳入數組 // 在建立後就會將該數組轉換成Observable & 發送該對象中的全部數據 Observable.fromArray(items) .subscribe(new Observer<Integer>() { @Override public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) { Log.d(TAG, "數組遍歷"); } @Override public void onNext(Integer value) { Log.d(TAG, "數組中的元素 = "+ value ); } @Override public void onError(Throwable e) { Log.d(TAG, "對Error事件做出響應"); } @Override public void onComplete() { Log.d(TAG, "遍歷結束"); } }); 結果:
fromIterable() 快速建立1個被觀察者對象(Observable),直接發送 傳入的集合List數據 會將數組中的數據轉換爲Observable對象 具體實現 /* * 快速發送集合 **/ // 1. 設置一個集合 List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>(); list.add(1); list.add(2); list.add(3); // 2. 經過fromIterable()將集合中的對象 / 數據發送出去 Observable.fromIterable(list) .subscribe(new Observer<Integer>() { @Override public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) { Log.d(TAG, "開始採用subscribe鏈接"); } @Override public void onNext(Integer value) { Log.d(TAG, "接收到了事件"+ value ); } @Override public void onError(Throwable e) { Log.d(TAG, "對Error事件做出響應"); } @Override public void onComplete() { Log.d(TAG, "對Complete事件做出響應"); } }); /* * 集合遍歷 **/ // 1. 設置一個集合 List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>(); list.add(1); list.add(2); list.add(3); // 2. 經過fromIterable()將集合中的對象 / 數據發送出去 Observable.fromIterable(list) .subscribe(new Observer<Integer>() { @Override public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) { Log.d(TAG, "集合遍歷"); } @Override public void onNext(Integer value) { Log.d(TAG, "集合中的數據元素 = "+ value ); } @Override public void onError(Throwable e) { Log.d(TAG, "對Error事件做出響應"); } @Override public void onComplete() { Log.d(TAG, "遍歷結束"); } }); 結果:
其餘 // 下列方法通常用於測試使用 <-- empty() --> // 該方法建立的被觀察者對象發送事件的特色:僅發送Complete事件,直接通知完成 Observable observable1=Observable.empty(); // 即觀察者接收後會直接調用onCompleted() <-- error() --> // 該方法建立的被觀察者對象發送事件的特色:僅發送Error事件,直接通知異常 // 可自定義異常 Observable observable2=Observable.error(new RuntimeException()) // 即觀察者接收後會直接調用onError() <-- never() --> // 該方法建立的被觀察者對象發送事件的特色:不發送任何事件 Observable observable3=Observable.never(); // 即觀察者接收後什麼都不調用 延遲建立 使用場景: 1. 定時操做:在通過了x秒後,須要自動執行y操做 2. 週期性操做:每隔x秒後,須要自動執行y操做 defer() 做用: 直到有觀察者(Observer )訂閱時,才動態建立被觀察者對象(Observable) & 發送事件 經過 Observable工廠方法建立被觀察者對象(Observable) 每次訂閱後,都會獲得一個剛建立的最新的Observable對象,這能夠確保Observable對象裏的數據是最新的 具體使用: <-- 1. 第1次對i賦值 ->> Integer i = 10; // 2. 經過defer 定義被觀察者對象 // 注:此時被觀察者對象還沒建立 Observable<Integer> observable = Observable.defer(new Callable<ObservableSource<? extends Integer>>() { @Override public ObservableSource<? extends Integer> call() throws Exception { return Observable.just(i); } }); <-- 2. 第2次對i賦值 ->> i = 15; <-- 3. 觀察者開始訂閱 ->> // 注:此時,纔會調用defer()建立被觀察者對象(Observable) observable.subscribe(new Observer<Integer>() { @Override public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) { Log.d(TAG, "開始採用subscribe鏈接"); } @Override public void onNext(Integer value) { Log.d(TAG, "接收到的整數是"+ value ); } @Override public void onError(Throwable e) { Log.d(TAG, "對Error事件做出響應"); } @Override public void onComplete() { Log.d(TAG, "對Complete事件做出響應"); } }); 結果: 由於是在訂閱時才建立,因此i值會取第2次的賦值
timer() 快速建立1個被觀察者對象(Observable) 發送事件的特色:延遲指定時間後,發送1個數值0(Long類型) 本質 = 延遲指定時間後,調用一次 onNext(0) 具體使用: // 該例子 = 延遲2s後,發送一個long類型數值 Observable.timer(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS) .subscribe(new Observer<Long>() { @Override public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) { Log.d(TAG, "開始採用subscribe鏈接"); } @Override public void onNext(Long value) { Log.d(TAG, "接收到了事件"+ value ); } @Override public void onError(Throwable e) { Log.d(TAG, "對Error事件做出響應"); } @Override public void onComplete() { Log.d(TAG, "對Complete事件做出響應"); } }); // 注:timer操做符默認運行在一個新線程上 // 也可自定義線程調度器(第3個參數):timer(long,TimeUnit,Scheduler) 結果
interval() 快速建立1個被觀察者對象(Observable) 發送事件的特色:每隔指定時間 就發送 事件 發送的事件序列 = 從0開始、無限遞增1的的整數序列 具體實現 // 參數說明: // 參數1 = 第1次延遲時間; // 參數2 = 間隔時間數字; // 參數3 = 時間單位; Observable.interval(3,1,TimeUnit.SECONDS) // 該例子發送的事件序列特色:延遲3s後發送事件,每隔1秒產生1個數字(從0開始遞增1,無限個) .subscribe(new Observer<Long>() { @Override public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) { Log.d(TAG, "開始採用subscribe鏈接"); } // 默認最早調用複寫的 onSubscribe() @Override public void onNext(Long value) { Log.d(TAG, "接收到了事件"+ value ); } @Override public void onError(Throwable e) { Log.d(TAG, "對Error事件做出響應"); } @Override public void onComplete() { Log.d(TAG, "對Complete事件做出響應"); } }); // 注:interval默認在computation調度器上執行 // 也可自定義指定線程調度器(第3個參數):interval(long,TimeUnit,Scheduler) 結果:
intervalRange() 快速建立1個被觀察者對象(Observable) 發送事件的特色:每隔指定時間 就發送 事件,可指定發送的數據的數量 a. 發送的事件序列 = 從0開始、無限遞增1的的整數序列 b. 做用相似於interval(),但可指定發送的數據的數量 具體實現 // 參數說明: // 參數1 = 事件序列起始點; // 參數2 = 事件數量; // 參數3 = 第1次事件延遲發送時間; // 參數4 = 間隔時間數字; // 參數5 = 時間單位 Observable.intervalRange(3,10,2, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS) // 該例子發送的事件序列特色: // 1. 從3開始,一共發送10個事件; // 2. 第1次延遲2s發送,以後每隔2秒產生1個數字(從0開始遞增1,無限個) .subscribe(new Observer<Long>() { @Override public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) { Log.d(TAG, "開始採用subscribe鏈接"); } // 默認最早調用複寫的 onSubscribe() @Override public void onNext(Long value) { Log.d(TAG, "接收到了事件"+ value ); } @Override public void onError(Throwable e) { Log.d(TAG, "對Error事件做出響應"); } @Override public void onComplete() { Log.d(TAG, "對Complete事件做出響應"); } }); 結果:
range() 快速建立1個被觀察者對象(Observable) 發送事件的特色:連續發送 1個事件序列,可指定範圍 a. 發送的事件序列 = 從0開始、無限遞增1的的整數序列 b. 做用相似於intervalRange(),但區別在於:無延遲發送事件 具體實現: // 參數說明: // 參數1 = 事件序列起始點; // 參數2 = 事件數量; // 注:若設置爲負數,則會拋出異常 Observable.range(3,10) // 該例子發送的事件序列特色:從3開始發送,每次發送事件遞增1,一共發送10個事件 .subscribe(new Observer<Integer>() { @Override public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) { Log.d(TAG, "開始採用subscribe鏈接"); } // 默認最早調用複寫的 onSubscribe() @Override public void onNext(Integer value) { Log.d(TAG, "接收到了事件"+ value ); } @Override public void onError(Throwable e) { Log.d(TAG, "對Error事件做出響應"); } @Override public void onComplete() { Log.d(TAG, "對Complete事件做出響應"); } }); 結果:
rangeLong() 做用:相似於range(),區別在於該方法支持數據類型 = Long 具體使用與range()相似,此處不做過多描述 最後的總結:
一個例子: 1. 添加依賴 // Android 支持 Rxjava // 此處必定要注意使用RxJava2的版本 compile 'io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxjava:2.0.1' compile 'io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxandroid:2.0.1' // Android 支持 Retrofit compile 'com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:2.1.0' // 銜接 Retrofit & RxJava // 此處必定要注意使用RxJava2的版本 compile 'com.jakewharton.retrofit:retrofit2-rxjava2-adapter:1.0.0' // 支持Gson解析 compile 'com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-gson:2.1.0' compile 'com.orhanobut:logger:2.1.1' 建立實體類 package com.paulniu.rxjavademo; import java.util.List; /** * Created by niupule on 2017/12/30. */ public class MovieBean { /** * count : 20 * start : 0 * total : 25 * subjects : 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this.count = count; } public int getStart() { return start; } public void setStart(int start) { this.start = start; } public int getTotal() { return total; } public void setTotal(int total) { this.total = total; } public String getTitle() { return title; } public void setTitle(String title) { this.title = title; } public List<SubjectsBean> getSubjects() { return subjects; } public void setSubjects(List<SubjectsBean> subjects) { this.subjects = subjects; } public static class SubjectsBean { /** * rating : {"max":10,"average":4.9,"stars":"25","min":0} * genres : ["喜劇"] * title : 妖鈴鈴 * casts : 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* collect_count : 10595 * original_title : 妖鈴鈴 * subtype : movie * directors : [{"alt":"https://movie.douban.com/celebrity/1127819/","avatars":{"small":"https://img1.doubanio.com/view/celebrity/s_ratio_celebrity/public/p45539.webp","large":"https://img1.doubanio.com/view/celebrity/s_ratio_celebrity/public/p45539.webp","medium":"https://img1.doubanio.com/view/celebrity/s_ratio_celebrity/public/p45539.webp"},"name":"吳君如","id":"1127819"}] * year : 2017 * images : {"small":"https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2506825662.webp","large":"https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2506825662.webp","medium":"https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2506825662.webp"} * alt : https://movie.douban.com/subject/26966580/ * id : 26966580 */ private RatingBean rating; private String title; private int collect_count; private String original_title; private String subtype; private String year; private ImagesBean images; private String alt; private String id; private List<String> genres; private List<CastsBean> casts; private List<DirectorsBean> directors; public RatingBean getRating() { return rating; } public void setRating(RatingBean rating) { this.rating = rating; } public String getTitle() { return title; } public void setTitle(String title) { this.title = title; } public int getCollect_count() { return collect_count; } public void setCollect_count(int collect_count) { this.collect_count = collect_count; } public String getOriginal_title() { return original_title; } public void setOriginal_title(String original_title) { this.original_title = original_title; } public String getSubtype() { return subtype; } public void setSubtype(String subtype) { this.subtype = subtype; } public String getYear() { return year; } public void setYear(String year) { this.year = year; } public ImagesBean getImages() { return images; } public void setImages(ImagesBean images) { this.images = images; } public String getAlt() { return alt; } public void setAlt(String alt) { this.alt = alt; } public String getId() { return id; } public void setId(String id) { this.id = id; } public List<String> getGenres() { return genres; } public void setGenres(List<String> genres) { this.genres = genres; } public List<CastsBean> getCasts() { return casts; } public void setCasts(List<CastsBean> casts) { this.casts = casts; } public List<DirectorsBean> getDirectors() { return directors; } public void setDirectors(List<DirectorsBean> directors) { this.directors = directors; } public static class RatingBean { /** * max : 10 * average : 4.9 * stars : 25 * min : 0 */ private int max; private double average; private String stars; private int min; public int getMax() { return max; } public void setMax(int max) { this.max = max; } public double getAverage() { return average; } public void setAverage(double average) { this.average = average; } public String getStars() { return stars; } public void setStars(String stars) { this.stars = stars; } public int getMin() { return min; } public void setMin(int min) { this.min = min; } } public static class ImagesBean { /** * small : https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2506825662.webp * large : https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2506825662.webp * medium : https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2506825662.webp */ private String small; private String large; private String medium; public String getSmall() { return small; } public void setSmall(String small) { this.small = small; } public String getLarge() { return large; } public void setLarge(String large) { this.large = large; } public String getMedium() { return medium; } public void setMedium(String medium) { this.medium = medium; } } public static class CastsBean { /** * alt : https://movie.douban.com/celebrity/1127819/ * avatars : {"small":"https://img1.doubanio.com/view/celebrity/s_ratio_celebrity/public/p45539.webp","large":"https://img1.doubanio.com/view/celebrity/s_ratio_celebrity/public/p45539.webp","medium":"https://img1.doubanio.com/view/celebrity/s_ratio_celebrity/public/p45539.webp"} * name : 吳君如 * id : 1127819 */ private String alt; private AvatarsBean avatars; private String name; private String id; public String getAlt() { return alt; } public void setAlt(String alt) { this.alt = alt; } public AvatarsBean getAvatars() { return avatars; } public void setAvatars(AvatarsBean avatars) { this.avatars = avatars; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getId() { return id; } public void setId(String id) { this.id = id; } public static class AvatarsBean { /** * small : https://img1.doubanio.com/view/celebrity/s_ratio_celebrity/public/p45539.webp * large : https://img1.doubanio.com/view/celebrity/s_ratio_celebrity/public/p45539.webp * medium : https://img1.doubanio.com/view/celebrity/s_ratio_celebrity/public/p45539.webp */ private String small; private String large; private String medium; public String getSmall() { return small; } public void setSmall(String small) { this.small = small; } public String getLarge() { return large; } public void setLarge(String large) { this.large = large; } public String getMedium() { return medium; } public void setMedium(String medium) { this.medium = medium; } } } public static class DirectorsBean { /** * alt : https://movie.douban.com/celebrity/1127819/ * avatars : {"small":"https://img1.doubanio.com/view/celebrity/s_ratio_celebrity/public/p45539.webp","large":"https://img1.doubanio.com/view/celebrity/s_ratio_celebrity/public/p45539.webp","medium":"https://img1.doubanio.com/view/celebrity/s_ratio_celebrity/public/p45539.webp"} * name : 吳君如 * id : 1127819 */ private String alt; private AvatarsBeanX avatars; private String name; private String id; public String getAlt() { return alt; } public void setAlt(String alt) { this.alt = alt; } public AvatarsBeanX getAvatars() { return avatars; } public void setAvatars(AvatarsBeanX avatars) { this.avatars = avatars; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getId() { return id; } public void setId(String id) { this.id = id; } public static class AvatarsBeanX { /** * small : https://img1.doubanio.com/view/celebrity/s_ratio_celebrity/public/p45539.webp * large : https://img1.doubanio.com/view/celebrity/s_ratio_celebrity/public/p45539.webp * medium : https://img1.doubanio.com/view/celebrity/s_ratio_celebrity/public/p45539.webp */ private String small; private String large; private String medium; public String getSmall() { return small; } public void setSmall(String small) { this.small = small; } public String getLarge() { return large; } public void setLarge(String large) { this.large = large; } public String getMedium() { return medium; } public void setMedium(String medium) { this.medium = medium; } } } } } 使用的是豆瓣電影API,直接用Gsonformat,內容比較多 3. 建立描述網絡請求的接口 package com.paulniu.rxjavademo; import io.reactivex.Observable; import retrofit2.http.GET; /** * Created by niupule on 2017/12/30. */ public interface GerRequest_Interface { @GET("v2/movie/in_theaters") Observable<MovieBean> getCall(); // 註解裏傳入 網絡請求 的部分URL地址 // Retrofit把網絡請求的URL分紅了兩部分:一部分放在Retrofit對象裏,另外一部分放在網絡請求接口裏 // 若是接口裏的url是一個完整的網址,那麼放在Retrofit對象裏的URL能夠忽略 // 採用Observable<...>接口 // getCall()是接受網絡請求數據的方法 } 在Activity中實現 package com.paulniu.rxjavademo; import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.support.annotation.Nullable; import android.util.Log; import android.widget.ListView; import com.jakewharton.retrofit2.adapter.rxjava2.RxJava2CallAdapterFactory; import com.orhanobut.logger.AndroidLogAdapter; import com.orhanobut.logger.Logger; import io.reactivex.Observable; import io.reactivex.ObservableEmitter; import io.reactivex.ObservableOnSubscribe; import io.reactivex.Observer; import io.reactivex.Scheduler; import io.reactivex.android.schedulers.AndroidSchedulers; import io.reactivex.disposables.Disposable; import io.reactivex.functions.Consumer; import io.reactivex.schedulers.Schedulers; import retrofit2.Retrofit; import retrofit2.converter.gson.GsonConverterFactory; /** * Created by niupule on 2017/12/30. */ public class RxJava_Douban extends Activity { private ListView listview; public static final String TAG = "RxJava_Douban"; @Override protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.rxjava_douban); listview = findViewById(R.id.listview); Logger.addLogAdapter(new AndroidLogAdapter()); getData(); } private void getData() { /** * 經過RxJava發送網絡請求 */ Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder() .baseUrl("https://api.douban.com/") .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create()) .addCallAdapterFactory(RxJava2CallAdapterFactory.create()) .build(); GerRequest_Interface request = retrofit.create(GerRequest_Interface.class); Observable<MovieBean> call = request.getCall(); call.subscribeOn(Schedulers.io()) .observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread()) .subscribe(new Observer<MovieBean>() { @Override public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) { } @Override public void onNext(MovieBean value) { //獲取服務器返回數據 Logger.d("hello"); Logger.d(value.getSubjects().size()); } @Override public void onError(Throwable e) { } @Override public void onComplete() { } }); } } 暫時先寫這麼多,後面關於別的內容,之後再補充 代碼實例 參考資料 輕易&易懂的RxJava入門 RxJava基礎操做符-建立操做符 給初學者的RxJava教程 功能強大的Logger [RxJava中文文檔] (https://mcxiaoke.gitbooks.io/rxdocs/content/)