Git基本操做

• git init--初始化倉庫

$ mkdir git-tutorial
    $ cd git-tutorial
    $ git init
    Initialzed empty Git repository in /User/hirocaster/github-book/git-tutorial/.git

若是初始化成功，執行了git init命令的目錄下就會生成.git目錄。這個.git目錄裏存儲着管理當前目錄內容所需的倉庫數據

• git status --查看倉庫的狀態

git status 命令用於顯示Git倉庫的狀態。

$ git status
    # On branch master
    #
    # Initial commit
    #
    # nothing to commit (creat/copy files and use "git add" to track)

結果顯示了咱們正處於master分支下

• git add--向暫存區添加文件

$ git add readme.txt
     $ git status
     # On branch master
     #Initial commit
     #Change to be committed:
     #     (use "git rm --cached <file>..." to unstage)
     #
     #        new file:   readme.txt

• git commit--保存倉庫的歷史記錄

git commit 命令能夠將當前暫存區中的文件實際保存到倉庫的歷史記錄中。

git commit  -m "simple print program";
    [master (root-commit) 52d60d7] my first commit ;
    1 file changed,1 insertion(+)
    creat mode 100644 readme.txt;

-m my first commmit 是提交的說明，若是忽略，git會打開一個編輯器並要求你輸入說明。

• git log--產看提交日誌

git log 命令能夠查看以往倉庫提交的日誌。包括能夠查看什麼人在何時進行了提交或合併，以及操做先後有怎樣的差異

git log
    commit 9f129bae19b2c82
    Author: hirocaster <wan@gmail.com>
    Date: Sun May 5 24 21:18:20 2018 +0900

First commit
    git log --pretty=short 只顯示提交信息的一行
    git log readme.txt  只顯示指定目錄、文件的日誌
    git log -p 顯示文件的改動
    git log -p readme.txt 顯示readme.txt提交日誌先後的差異

• git diff--查看更改先後的差異 git diff命令能夠查看工做樹、暫存區、最新提交之間的差異。

--查看工做樹和暫存區的差異

git diff
     diff --git a/readme.txt b/readme.txt
     index e69de29..cb5dc9f 100644
     ---a/readme.txt
     +++b/readme.txt
     @@ -0,0,+1 @@

--查看工做樹和最新提交的差異

git diff HEAD
 diff --git a/readme.txt b/readme.txt
 index e69de29..cb5dc9f 100644
 ---a/readme.txt
 +++b/readme.txt
 @@ -0,0,+1 @@

• git clone--獲取遠程倉庫

git clone git@github.com:github-book/git-tutorial.git
    Cloning into 'git-tutorial'...
    remote :Counting objects:20,done.
    remote:Compressing objects:100% (7/7), done.
    remote:Total 20 (delta 3),refused 20 (delta 3)
    Receiving objects:100% (20/20), done.
    Receiving objects:100% (3/3), done.

• git push--推送至遠程倉庫

git push -u origin master
    Couting objects:20,done
    Delta compression using up to 8 thrads.
    Compressing objects:100% (10/10), done.
    Writing objects: 100% (20/20), 1.0 kiB, done.
    Total 20 (delta 3), reused 0 (delta 0)
    To git@github.com:github-book/git-yutorial.git
    * [new branch]   master->master
    Branch master set up to track remote barnch master from origin.