ajax 解決csrf的3種方法,input標籤的文件上傳

如今以ajax發送一個請求,注意get和post的區別,post會被forbidden,get不會,html

url 文件前端

from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin

from app01 import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^login/', views.login),
    url(r'^ajax_send/', views.ajax_send),
]

在views文件中,jquery

def ajax_send(request):


    return HttpResponse("ok")

在前端頁面,,ajax

{% load staticfiles %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>

    <script src="{% static 'jquery-3.2.1.js' %}"></script>

</head>
<body>



<button>ajax發送</button>

</body>

<script>
    
    $("button").click(function () {

        $.ajax({
            url:"/ajax_send/",
            data:{"user":"gu"},
            type:"POST",  ----------若是以get請求是不會被forbidden,只有post請求會被forbidden,
            success:function (data) {
                alert(data)
            }

    })

    })

</script>


</html>

ajax的post請求會報錯,forbiddendjango

Forbidden (CSRF token missing or incorrect.): /ajax_send/
[10/Dec/2017 10:58:41] "POST /ajax_send/ HTTP/1.1" 403 2502
Forbidden (CSRF token missing or incorrect.): /ajax_send/
[10/Dec/2017 10:59:22] "POST /ajax_send/ HTTP/1.1" 403 2502
Forbidden (CSRF token missing or incorrect.): /ajax_send/

若是想要避免forbidden,瀏覽器

方法1:要在ajax發送請求前加上cookie

$.ajaxSetup({
data:{csrfmiddlewaretoken:'{{ csrf_token }}'},
});

注意:{{ csrf_token }} ,是須要渲染的,不能脫離模板,因此是外部文件引入的話,不能執行,
{% load staticfiles %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>

    <script src="{% static 'jquery-3.2.1.js' %}"></script>

</head>
<body>


<button>ajax發送</button>

</body>

<script>
    
    $("button").click(function () {

        $.ajaxSetup({
            data:{csrfmiddlewaretoken:'{{ csrf_token }}'},---------
        });

        $.ajax({

            url:"/ajax_send/",
            data:{"user":"gu"},
            type:"POST",
            success:function (data) {
                alert(data)
            }

    })

    })
    


</script>


</html>
 

方法2:在ajax發送請求是加上csrfmiddlewaretoken,的值,session

        $.ajax({

            url:"/ajax_send/",
            data:{"user":"gu","csrfmiddlewaretoken":$("[name='csrfmiddlewaretoken']").val()},-----與方法1的功能同樣,
但這種方法能夠做爲一個外部文件引入, type:
"POST", success:function (data) { alert(data) } }) })

-------app

 

 

 方法3:修改header,post

在views打印cookie能夠獲得csrftoken

def index(request):

    print("cookie",request.COOKIES)
    #cookie {
    # 'csrftoken': 'AB9v1MGTbdpSGg3FaGCIiUxrKVR8zKSqgdGFDn5E0ADsJ2ST7N2zgW6KboQ8G31x',
    # 'sessionid': 'eexw5p38vky9qo38nf372dz5lj1br6xf'
    # }
    #cookie 是瀏覽器給的,

    return HttpResponse("index")

 

須要先下載一個jquery.cookie.js插件文件,而後引用,

<script src="{% static 'jquery.cookie.js' %}"></script>

{% load staticfiles %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>

{#    <script src="{% static 'jquery-3.2.1.js' %}"></script>#}
    <script src="{% static 'jquery.cookie.js' %}"></script>

</head>
<body>

{#<form action="/login/" method="post">#}
{# csrf_token 在前端會渲染出一個input標籤,是一組鍵值對,鍵是csrfmiddlewaretoken,值是隨機字符串,會隨着下面的input標籤一塊兒提交,只有這種形式發送post的請求才能被接收,#}
{##}
{#    {% csrf_token %}#}
{#    <p>用戶名:{{ form_obj.user }}</p>#}
{#    <p>密  碼:{{ form_obj.pwd }}</p>#}
{#    <input type="submit">#}
{##}
{#</form>#}

<button>ajax發送</button>

</body>

<script>
    
{#    $("button").click(function () {#}
{##}
{#        $.ajaxSetup({#}
{#            data:{csrfmiddlewaretoken:'{{ csrf_token }}'},#}
{#        });#}
{##}
{#        $.ajax({#}
{##}
{#            url:"/ajax_send/",#}
{#            data:{"user":"gu","csrfmiddlewaretoken":$("[name='csrfmiddlewaretoken']").val()},#}
{#            type:"POST",#}
{#            success:function (data) {#}
{#                alert(data)#}
{#            }#}
{##}
{#{)#}

$('button').click(function () {

        $.ajax({
        url:"/ajax_send/",
        type:"post",
        headers:{"X_CSRFToken":$.cookie('csrftoken')},---------------
        success:function () {
            alert(123)
        }

    })
})


    


</script>


</html>
 

-----

input 標籤的上傳文件,

在前端頁面

{#發送文件的時候,要加上enctype ,是以塊的方式發送文件,#}
<form action="/login/" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
    <input type="file" name="fileobj">

</form>


<button>ajax發送</button>

在views文件中,獲取文件,保存文件,

 
def login(request):

    if request.method == "POST":


        print("post",request.POST.get("fileobj"))
        print("post",type(request.POST.get("fileobj")))
        print("===",request.FILES)

        fileobj = request.FILES.get("fileobj")

        #建立一個文件句柄,把文件存起來,
        f=open(fileobj.name,'wb')

        for i in fileobj.chunks():#按塊存
            f.write(i)
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