RabbitMQ是一個開源的消息代理和隊列服務器,用來經過普通協議在徹底不一樣的應用之間共享數據,或者簡單地將做業隊列以便讓分佈式服務器進行處理。java
它現實了AMQP協議,而且遵循Mozilla Public License開源協議,它支持多種語言,能夠方便的和spring集成。spring
消息隊列使用消息將應用程序鏈接起來,這些消息經過像RabbitMQ這樣的消息代理服務器在應用程序之間路由。springboot
Broker
用來處理數據的消息隊列服務器實體服務器
vhost
由RabbitMQ服務器建立的虛擬消息主機,擁有本身的權限機制,一個broker裏能夠開設多個vhost,用於不一樣用戶的權限隔離,vhost之間是也徹底隔離的。架構
productor
產生用於消息通訊的數據分佈式
channel
消息通道,在AMQP中能夠創建多個channel,每一個channel表明一個會話任務。spring-boot
binding
表示交換機和隊列之間的關係,在進行綁定時,帶有一個額外的參數binding-key,來和routing-key相匹配。測試
consumer
監聽消息隊列來進行消息數據的讀取網站
pom.xml中引用spring-boot-starter-amqpui
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId> </dependency>
增長rabbitmq配置
spring: rabbitmq: host: localhost port: 5672 username: guest password: guest
direct模式通常狀況下只須要定義queue 使用自帶交換機(defaultExchange)無需綁定交換機
@Configuration public class RabbitP2PConfigure { public static final String QUEUE_NAME = "p2p-queue"; @Bean public Queue queue() { return new Queue(QUEUE_NAME, true); } }
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(classes = BootCoreTestApplication.class) @Slf4j public class RabbitTest { @Autowired private AmqpTemplate amqpTemplate; /** * 發送 */ @Test public void sendLazy() throws InterruptedException { City city = new City(234556666L, "direct_name", "direct_code"); amqpTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitLazyConfigure.QUEUE_NAME, city); } /** * 領取 */ @Test public void receive() throws InterruptedException { Object obj = amqpTemplate.receiveAndConvert(RabbitLazyConfigure.QUEUE_NAME); Assert.notNull(obj, ""); log.debug(obj.toString()); } }
適用場景:點對點
fanout則模式須要將多個queue綁定在同一個交換機上
@Configuration public class RabbitFanoutConfigure { public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "fanout-exchange"; public static final String FANOUT_A = "fanout.A"; public static final String FANOUT_B = "fanout.B"; public static final String FANOUT_C = "fanout.C"; @Bean public Queue AMessage() { return new Queue(FANOUT_A); } @Bean public Queue BMessage() { return new Queue(FANOUT_B); } @Bean public Queue CMessage() { return new Queue(FANOUT_C); } @Bean public FanoutExchange fanoutExchange() { return new FanoutExchange(EXCHANGE_NAME); } @Bean public Binding bindingExchangeA(Queue AMessage, FanoutExchange fanoutExchange) { return BindingBuilder.bind(AMessage).to(fanoutExchange); } @Bean public Binding bindingExchangeB(Queue BMessage, FanoutExchange fanoutExchange) { return BindingBuilder.bind(BMessage).to(fanoutExchange); } @Bean public Binding bindingExchangeC(Queue CMessage, FanoutExchange fanoutExchange) { return BindingBuilder.bind(CMessage).to(fanoutExchange); } }
發送者
@Slf4j public class Sender { @Autowired private AmqpTemplate rabbitTemplate; public void sendFanout(Object message) { log.debug("begin send fanout message<" + message + ">"); rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitFanoutConfigure.EXCHANGE_NAME, "", message); } }
咱們能夠經過@RabbitListener監聽多個queue來進行消費
@Slf4j @RabbitListener(queues = { RabbitFanoutConfigure.FANOUT_A, RabbitFanoutConfigure.FANOUT_B, RabbitFanoutConfigure.FANOUT_C }) public class Receiver { @RabbitHandler public void receiveMessage(String message) { log.debug("Received <" + message + ">"); } }
適用場景
- 大規模多用戶在線(MMO)遊戲可使用它來處理排行榜更新等全局事件 - 體育新聞網站能夠用它來近乎實時地將比分更新分發給移動客戶端 - 分發系統使用它來廣播各類狀態和配置更新 - 在羣聊的時候,它被用來分發消息給參與羣聊的用戶
這種模式較爲複雜,簡單來講,就是每一個隊列都有其關心的主題,全部的消息都帶有一個「標題」,Exchange會將消息轉發到全部關注主題能與RouteKey模糊匹配的隊列。
在進行綁定時,要提供一個該隊列關心的主題,如「topic.# (「#」表示0個或若干個關鍵字,「*」表示一個關鍵字。 )
@Configuration public class RabbitTopicConfigure { public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "topic-exchange"; public static final String TOPIC = "topic"; public static final String TOPIC_A = "topic.A"; public static final String TOPIC_B = "topic.B"; @Bean public Queue queueTopic() { return new Queue(RabbitTopicConfigure.TOPIC); } @Bean public Queue queueTopicA() { return new Queue(RabbitTopicConfigure.TOPIC_A); } @Bean public Queue queueTopicB() { return new Queue(RabbitTopicConfigure.TOPIC_B); } @Bean public TopicExchange exchange() { TopicExchange topicExchange = new TopicExchange(EXCHANGE_NAME); topicExchange.setDelayed(true); return new TopicExchange(EXCHANGE_NAME); } @Bean public Binding bindingExchangeTopic(Queue queueTopic, TopicExchange exchange) { return BindingBuilder.bind(queueTopic).to(exchange).with(RabbitTopicConfigure.TOPIC); } @Bean public Binding bindingExchangeTopics(Queue queueTopicA, TopicExchange exchange) { return BindingBuilder.bind(queueTopicA).to(exchange).with("topic.#"); } }
同時去監聽三個queue
@Slf4j @RabbitListener(queues = { RabbitTopicConfigure.TOPIC, RabbitTopicConfigure.TOPIC_A, RabbitTopicConfigure.TOPIC_B }) public class Receiver { @RabbitHandler public void receiveMessage(String message) { log.debug("Received <" + message + ">"); } }
經過測試咱們能夠發現
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(classes = BootCoreTestApplication.class) public class RabbitTest { @Autowired private AmqpTemplate rabbitTemplate; @Test public void sendAll() { rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitTopicConfigure.EXCHANGE_NAME, "topic.test", "send All"); } @Test public void sendTopic() { rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitTopicConfigure.EXCHANGE_NAME, RabbitTopicConfigure.TOPIC, "send Topic"); } @Test public void sendTopicA() { rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitTopicConfigure.EXCHANGE_NAME, RabbitTopicConfigure.TOPIC_A, "send TopicA"); } }
適用場景
- 分發有關於特定地理位置的數據,例如銷售點 - 由多個工做者(workers)完成的後臺任務,每一個工做者負責處理某些特定的任務 - 股票價格更新(以及其餘類型的金融數據更新) - 涉及到分類或者標籤的新聞更新(例如,針對特定的運動項目或者隊伍) - 雲端的不一樣種類服務的協調 - 分佈式架構/基於系統的軟件封裝,其中每一個構建者僅能處理一個特定的架構或者系統。
如用戶生成訂單以後,須要過一段時間校驗訂單的支付狀態,若是訂單仍未支付則須要及時地關閉訂單。
用戶註冊成功以後,須要過一段時間好比一週後校驗用戶的使用狀況,若是發現用戶活躍度較低,則發送郵件或者短信來提醒用戶使用。
如消費者從隊列裏消費消息時失敗了,可是想要延遲一段時間後自動重試。
若是不使用延遲隊列,那麼咱們只能經過一個輪詢掃描程序去完成。這種方案既不優雅,也不方便作成統一的服務便於開發人員使用。可是使用延遲隊列的話,咱們就能夠垂手可得地完成。
設置交換機延遲屬性爲true
@Configuration public class RabbitLazyConfigure { public static final String QUEUE_NAME = "lazy-queue-t"; public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "lazy-exchange-t"; @Bean public Queue queue() { return new Queue(QUEUE_NAME, true); } @Bean public DirectExchange defaultExchange() { DirectExchange directExchange = new DirectExchange(EXCHANGE_NAME, true, false); directExchange.setDelayed(true); return directExchange; } @Bean public Binding binding() { return BindingBuilder.bind(queue()).to(defaultExchange()).with(QUEUE_NAME); } }
發送時設置延遲時間便可
@Slf4j public class Sender { @Autowired private AmqpTemplate rabbitTemplate; public void sendLazy(Object msg) { log.debug("begin send lazy message<" + msg + ">"); rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitLazyConfigure.EXCHANGE_NAME, RabbitLazyConfigure.QUEUE_NAME, msg, message -> { message.getMessageProperties().setHeader("x-delay", 10000); return message; } ); } }
各類使用案例請直接查看官方文檔