【原創】運維基礎之Ansible（1）簡介、安裝和使用

官方：https://www.ansible.com/

一 簡介

Ansible is a radically simple IT automation engine that automates cloud provisioning, configuration management, application deployment, intra-service orchestration, and many other IT needs.

It uses no agents and no additional custom security infrastructure, so it's easy to deploy - and most importantly, it uses a very simple language (YAML, in the form of Ansible Playbooks) that allow you to describe your automation jobs in a way that approaches plain English.

ansible的好處是快速、簡單、易用、不須要安裝agent，能夠方便的用於配置管理和應用部署等自動化場景；

二 安裝

1 安裝

yum install -y ansible

2 測試

# ansible --version

ansible 2.7.5

  config file = /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg

  configured module search path = [u'/root/.ansible/plugins/modules', u'/usr/share/ansible/plugins/modules']

  ansible python module location = /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ansible

  executable location = /usr/bin/ansible

  python version = 2.7.5 (default, Jul 13 2018, 13:06:57) [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-28)]

3 配置目錄結構

# ls /etc/ansible/
ansible.cfg hosts roles

三 使用

首先在/etc/ansible/hosts中根據部署結構將server劃分到多個group，而後能夠針對某個group執行某些操做；

1 添加server分組配置

vi /etc/ansible/hosts

[all-servers]
192.168.0.54
192.168.0.55
192.168.0.56

以上配置了一個server_group名爲all-servers，其中包含3臺server；

能夠經過--list查看某個server_group下的全部server：

# ansible all-servers --list

  hosts (3):

    192.168.0.54

    192.168.0.55

    192.168.0.56

2 執行操做

格式

ansible $server_group -m $module_name -a $module_args

例如ping：

# ansible all-servers -m ping

192.168.0.54 | SUCCESS => {

    "changed": false,

    "ping": "pong"

}

192.168.0.55 | SUCCESS => {

    "changed": false,

    "ping": "pong"

}

192.168.0.56 | SUCCESS => {

    "changed": false,

    "ping": "pong"

}

例如command：

# ansible all-servers -m command -a "date"
192.168.0.54 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
Sun Jan 13 17:14:06 CST 2019

192.168.0.56 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
Sun Jan 13 17:14:06 CST 2019

192.168.0.55 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
Sun Jan 13 17:14:06 CST 2019

具體的module_name有哪些？能夠經過命令查看

# ansible-doc -l

某個module_name的幫助也能夠經過命令查看

# ansible-doc $module_name

好比：

# ansible-doc shell

> SHELL    (/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ansible/modules/commands/shell.py)

 

        The `shell' module takes the command name followed by a list of space-delimited arguments. It is almost exactly like the [command] module but runs the command

        through a shell (`/bin/sh') on the remote node. For Windows targets, use the [win_shell] module instead.

 

# ansible-doc copy

> COPY    (/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ansible/modules/files/copy.py)

 

        The `copy' module copies a file from the local or remote machine to a location on the remote machine. Use the [fetch] module to copy files from remote locations to

        the local box. If you need variable interpolation in copied files, use the [template] module. For Windows targets, use the [win_copy] module instead.

 

經常使用module：ping，command，shell，copy，file，script，cron等...

好比向某個group的全部server拷貝文件命令：

# ansible all-servers -m copy -a 'src=/tmp/1.log dest=/tmp/'

好比查看某個group的全部server的磁盤佔用狀況：

# ansible all-servers -m shell -a "df -h"

另外也能夠直接指定ip來操做，好比：

# ansible 192.168.0.55 -m ping

 

其實若是隻須要遠程執行命令，ssh也能夠

ssh 192.168.0.55 "date"