十一、RestTemplate+Ribbon整合斷路器Hystrix

時間 2019-11-10

標籤十一 resttemplate+ribbon resttemplate ribbon 整合斷路器 hystrix 简体版

原文原文鏈接

公衆號： java樂園java

在微服務架構中，根據業務需求拆分紅一個個的微小服務，而後服務與服務之間能夠相互RPC遠程調用。在Spring Cloud可使用RestTemplate+Ribbon或者Feign來進行RPC遠程調用。爲了保證服務高可用性，單個服務一般會進行集羣部署。因爲網絡緣由或者自身的緣由，服務並不能保證百分之一百可用，若是服務方出現問題，調用這個服務就會出現線程阻塞，此時如有出現大量請求，致使服務方癱瘓。這時斷路器就派上用場了。git

當對某個服務的調用的不可用達到一個閥值（Hystric 默認是5秒20次）斷路器將會被自動被打開。斷路打開後， fallback方法能夠直接返回一個預先設置的固定值。github

一、新建項目sc-eureka-client-consumer-ribbon-hystrix，對應的pom.xml文件web

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>spring-cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>sc-eureka-client-consumer-ribbon</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <name>sc-eureka-client-consumer-ribbon</name>
    <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.4.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Finchley.RELEASE</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>

        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- <dependency> 
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> 
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId> 
                <version>1.4.5.RELEASE</version> 
            </dependency> -->

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>


        <!--         
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency> -->

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>


    </dependencies>
</project>

備註：spring-cloud-starter-hystrix已經在spring cloud 2.x標註成過時。推薦使用spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrixspring

二、新建spring boot 啓動類ConsumerApplication.java數據庫

package sc.consumer;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.hystrix.EnableHystrix;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableHystrix
public class ConsumerHystrixApplication {
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        
        SpringApplication.run(ConsumerHystrixApplication.class, args);
        
    }

}

能夠看出這個啓動類只是《服務發現&服務消費者Ribbon》的啓動類添加多了一個註解EnableHystrix（啓動斷路器）apache

三、編寫服務類，並添加斷路器註解bootstrap

package sc.consumer.service.impl;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import com.github.andrewoma.dexx.collection.ArrayList;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand;

import sc.consumer.model.User;
import sc.consumer.service.UserService;

@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;
    
    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "getUserError")
    @Override
    public Map<String, Object> getUser(Long id) {
        return restTemplate.getForObject("http://sc-eureka-client-provider:8200/user/getUser/{1}", Map.class, id);
    }
    
    public Map<String, Object> getUserError(Long id){
        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
        map.put("code", "000000");
        map.put("msg", "ok");
        User u = new User();
        u.setId(-1L);
        u.setUserName("failName");
        map.put("body", u);
        return map;
    }

    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "listUserError")
    @Override
    public Map<String, Object> listUser() {
        return restTemplate.getForObject("http://sc-eureka-client-provider:8200/user/listUser", Map.class);
    }
    
    public Map<String, Object> listUserError(){
        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
        map.put("code", "000000");
        map.put("msg", "ok");
        map.put("body", new ArrayList<User>());
        return map;
    }

    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "addUserError")
    @Override
    public Map<String, Object> addUser(User user) {
        return restTemplate.postForObject("http://sc-eureka-client-provider:8200/user/addUser", user, Map.class);
    }

    public Map<String, Object> addUserError(User user){
        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
        map.put("code", "000000");
        map.put("msg", "ok");
        map.put("body", 0);
        return map;
    }
    
    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "updateUserError")
    @Override
    public Map<String, Object> updateUser(User user) {
        restTemplate.put("http://sc-eureka-client-provider:8200/user/updateUser",user);
        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
        map.put("code", "000000");
        map.put("msg", "ok");
        return map;
    }
    
    public Map<String, Object> updateUserError(User user){
        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
        map.put("code", "000000");
        map.put("msg", "ok");
        map.put("body", 0);
        return map;
    }

    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "deleteUserError")
    @Override
    public Map<String, Object> deleteUser(Long id) {
        restTemplate.delete("http://sc-eureka-client-provider:8200/user/deleteUser/{id}", id);
        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
        map.put("code", "000000");
        map.put("msg", "ok");
        return map;
    }
    
    public Map<String, Object> deleteUserError(Long id){
        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
        map.put("code", "000000");
        map.put("msg", "ok");
        map.put("body", 0);
        return map;
    }

}

添加HystrixCommand註解，對應的參數fallbackMethod值爲當方式服務方沒法調用時，返回預設值得方法名。網絡

四、新建配置文件bootstrap.yml和application.yml
bootstrap.yml架構

server:
  port: 5600

application.yml

spring:
  application:
    name: sc-eureka-client-consumer-ribbon-hystrix
    
eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: 127.0.0.1
  client:
    #因爲該應用爲註冊中心,因此設置爲false,表明不向註冊中心註冊本身
    registerWithEureka: true
    #因爲註冊中心的職責就是維護服務實例,它並不須要去檢索服務,因此也設置爲false
    fetchRegistry: true
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:5001/eureka/

五、其餘項目文件參加下圖