類加載器,實際上是很複雜一個東西,想等到我徹底什麼都弄明白了再寫出來,估計不太現實。。。如今只能是知道多少寫多少吧。html
首先,我提一個問題:在咱們本身的servlet中(好比ssm中,controller的代碼),能夠訪問 tomcat 安裝目錄下 lib 中的類嗎?(servlet-api.jar包中的不算)java
好好思考一下再回答。若是你說不能夠,那可能接下來會有點尷尬。。。web
我們看圖說話,應用程序類加載器,主要加載classpath路徑下的類,在tomcat 的啓動腳本里,最終會設置爲 bin 目錄下的bootstrap.jar 和tomcat-juli.jar:spring
common類加載器主要用於加載 tomcat 中間件自身、webapp 均可以訪問的類;apache
catalina 類加載器,主要用於加載 tomcat 自身的類, webapp 不能訪問;bootstrap
共享類(shared)類加載器, 主要是用於加載 webapp 共享的類,好比你們都用 spring 開發,該類加載器的初衷就是加載 共用的 spring 相關的jar包。 api
這三者的加載路徑,能夠查看 Tomcat (我這邊是Tomcat 8)安裝目錄下,conf / catalina.properties:緩存
1 # 2 # 3 # List of comma-separated paths defining the contents of the "common" 4 # classloader. Prefixes should be used to define what is the repository type. 5 # Path may be relative to the CATALINA_HOME or CATALINA_BASE path or absolute. 6 # If left as blank,the JVM system loader will be used as Catalina's "common" 7 # loader. 8 # Examples: 9 # "foo": Add this folder as a class repository 10 # "foo/*.jar": Add all the JARs of the specified folder as class 11 # repositories 12 # "foo/bar.jar": Add bar.jar as a class repository 13 # 14 # Note: Values are enclosed in double quotes ("...") in case either the 15 # ${catalina.base} path or the ${catalina.home} path contains a comma. 16 # Because double quotes are used for quoting, the double quote character 17 # may not appear in a path. 18 common.loader="${catalina.base}/lib","${catalina.base}/lib/*.jar","${catalina.home}/lib","${catalina.home}/lib/*.jar" 19 20 # 21 # List of comma-separated paths defining the contents of the "server" 22 # classloader. Prefixes should be used to define what is the repository type. 23 # Path may be relative to the CATALINA_HOME or CATALINA_BASE path or absolute. 24 # If left as blank, the "common" loader will be used as Catalina's "server" 25 # loader. 26 # Examples: 27 # "foo": Add this folder as a class repository 28 # "foo/*.jar": Add all the JARs of the specified folder as class 29 # repositories 30 # "foo/bar.jar": Add bar.jar as a class repository 31 # 32 # Note: Values may be enclosed in double quotes ("...") in case either the 33 # ${catalina.base} path or the ${catalina.home} path contains a comma. 34 # Because double quotes are used for quoting, the double quote character 35 # may not appear in a path. 36 server.loader= 37 38 # 39 # List of comma-separated paths defining the contents of the "shared" 40 # classloader. Prefixes should be used to define what is the repository type. 41 # Path may be relative to the CATALINA_BASE path or absolute. If left as blank, 42 # the "common" loader will be used as Catalina's "shared" loader. 43 # Examples: 44 # "foo": Add this folder as a class repository 45 # "foo/*.jar": Add all the JARs of the specified folder as class 46 # repositories 47 # "foo/bar.jar": Add bar.jar as a class repository 48 # Please note that for single jars, e.g. bar.jar, you need the URL form 49 # starting with file:. 50 # 51 # Note: Values may be enclosed in double quotes ("...") in case either the 52 # ${catalina.base} path or the ${catalina.home} path contains a comma. 53 # Because double quotes are used for quoting, the double quote character 54 # may not appear in a path. 55 shared.loader=
可是,應該是從 tomcat 7開始, common.loader 和 shared.loader 已經默認置空了。 爲何留空的緣由,這裏先不詳細講述。(由於我也不徹底懂啊,哈哈哈)tomcat
Webapp 類加載器就不用說了, 主要是加載自身目錄下的 WEB-INF/classes、 WEB-INF/lib 中的類。app
對這部分感興趣的,能夠再看看個人另外一篇文章:實戰分析Tomcat的類加載器結構(使用Eclipse MAT驗證)
咱們再回頭看看,文章開頭的圖裏,清晰地展現了: webapp的類加載器的parent,即爲 common 類加載器。 那麼,只要咱們在 業務代碼裏進行以下調用,應該就獲取到了 common 類加載器,因而就能夠愉快地加載 Tomcat 安裝目錄下的 lib目錄的jar了:
ClassLoader classLoader = this.getClass().getClassLoader(); ClassLoader directparent = classLoader.getParent();
我這邊建了個簡單的web程序,只有一個servlet。
MyServlet .java:
1 import javax.servlet.*; 2 import java.io.IOException; 3 import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException; 4 import java.lang.reflect.Method; 5 import java.net.URL; 6 import java.net.URLClassLoader; 7 15 public class MyServlet implements Servlet { 16 @Override 17 public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException { 18 19 } 20 21 @Override 22 public ServletConfig getServletConfig() { 23 return null; 24 } 25 26 27 @Override 28 public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res) throws ServletException, IOException { 29 ClassLoader classLoader = this.getClass().getClassLoader(); 30 System.out.println("當前類加載器(webapp加載器):" + classLoader); 31 printPath(classLoader); 32 33 ClassLoader directparent = classLoader.getParent(); 34 System.out.println("父加載器(tomcat 自身的加載器):" + directparent); 35 printPath(directparent); 36 37 // 從父加載器開始循環,應該會按順序取到:應用類加載器--ext類加載器--bootstrap加載器 38 classLoader = directparent; 39 while (classLoader != null){ 40 ClassLoader parent = classLoader.getParent(); 41 System.out.println("當前類加載器爲:" + parent); 42 printPath(parent); 43 classLoader = parent; 44 } 45 46 if (directparent != null) { 47 try { 48 Class<?> loadClass = directparent.loadClass("org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine"); 49 Object instance = loadClass.newInstance(); 50 Method[] methods = loadClass.getMethods(); 51 System.out.println("如下爲StandardEngine的全部方法................."); 52 for (Method method : methods) { 53 System.out.println(method); 54 } 55 56 System.out.println("反射調用方法測試............................"); 57 Method getDefaultHostMethod = loadClass.getMethod("getDefaultHost"); 58 Object result = getDefaultHostMethod.invoke(instance); 59 System.out.println("before:" + result); 60 61 Method setDefaultHostMethod = loadClass.getMethod("setDefaultHost", String.class); 62 setDefaultHostMethod.invoke(instance,"hahaha..."); 63 64 Object afterResult = getDefaultHostMethod.invoke(instance); 65 System.out.println("after:" + afterResult); 66 67 } catch (ClassNotFoundException | IllegalAccessException | InstantiationException | InvocationTargetException | NoSuchMethodException e) { 68 e.printStackTrace(); 69 } 70 } 71 } 72 73 private void printPath(ClassLoader directparent) { 74 if (directparent instanceof URLClassLoader){ 75 URLClassLoader urlClassLoader = (URLClassLoader) directparent; 76 URL[] urLs = urlClassLoader.getURLs(); 77 for (URL urL : urLs) { 78 System.out.println(urL); 79 } 80 } 81 } 82 83 @Override 84 public String getServletInfo() { 85 return null; 86 } 87 88 @Override 89 public void destroy() { 90 91 } 92 }
加入到 web.xml中:
<servlet> <servlet-name>MyServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>MyServlet</servlet-class> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>MyServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
pom.xml:
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 3 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 4 xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> 5 <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> 6 7 <groupId>com.ckl</groupId> 8 <artifactId>tomcatclassloader</artifactId> 9 <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> 10 <packaging>war</packaging> 11 12 <name>tomcatclassloader Maven Webapp</name> 13 <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website --> 14 <url>http://www.example.com</url> 15 16 <properties> 17 <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> 18 <maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source> 19 <maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target> 20 </properties> 21 22 <dependencies> 23 24 <dependency> 25 <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> 26 <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> 27 <version>3.1.0</version> 28 <scope>provided</scope> 29 </dependency> 30 31 </dependencies> 32 33 <build> 34 <finalName>tomcatclassloader</finalName> 35 <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) --> 36 <plugins> 37 <plugin> 38 <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId> 39 <version>3.1.0</version> 40 </plugin> 41 <!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging --> 42 <plugin> 43 <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId> 44 <version>3.0.2</version> 45 </plugin> 46 <plugin> 47 <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> 48 <version>3.8.0</version> 49 </plugin> 50 <plugin> 51 <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId> 52 <version>2.22.1</version> 53 </plugin> 54 <plugin> 55 <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId> 56 <version>3.2.2</version> 57 </plugin> 58 <plugin> 59 <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId> 60 <version>2.5.2</version> 61 </plugin> 62 <plugin> 63 <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId> 64 <version>2.8.2</version> 65 </plugin> 66 </plugins> 67 </pluginManagement> 68 </build> 69 </project>
運行結果以下:
當前類加載器(webapp加載器):ParallelWebappClassLoader context: tomcatclassloader delegate: false ----------> Parent Classloader: java.net.URLClassLoader@1372ed45 file:/F:/ownprojects/tomcatclassloader/target/tomcatclassloader/WEB-INF/classes/ 父加載器(tomcat 自身的加載器):java.net.URLClassLoader@1372ed45 file:/D:/soft/apache-tomcat-8.5.23/lib/ file:/D:/soft/apache-tomcat-8.5.23/lib/annotations-api.jar file:/D:/soft/apache-tomcat-8.5.23/lib/catalina-ant.jar file:/D:/soft/apache-tomcat-8.5.23/lib/catalina-ha.jar file:/D:/soft/apache-tomcat-8.5.23/lib/catalina-storeconfig.jar file:/D:/soft/apache-tomcat-8.5.23/lib/catalina-tribes.jar file:/D:/soft/apache-tomcat-8.5.23/lib/catalina.jar file:/D:/soft/apache-tomcat-8.5.23/lib/ecj-4.6.3.jar file:/D:/soft/apache-tomcat-8.5.23/lib/el-api.jar file:/D:/soft/apache-tomcat-8.5.23/lib/jasper-el.jar file:/D:/soft/apache-tomcat-8.5.23/lib/jasper.jar file:/D:/soft/apache-tomcat-8.5.23/lib/jaspic-api.jar file:/D:/soft/apache-tomcat-8.5.23/lib/jsp-api.jar file:/D:/soft/apache-tomcat-8.5.23/lib/servlet-api.jar file:/D:/soft/apache-tomcat-8.5.23/lib/tomcat-api.jar file:/D:/soft/apache-tomcat-8.5.23/lib/tomcat-coyote.jar 。。。此處省略部分。。。 當前類加載器爲:sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader@18b4aac2 file:/D:/soft/apache-tomcat-8.5.23/bin/bootstrap.jar file:/D:/soft/apache-tomcat-8.5.23/bin/tomcat-juli.jar 當前類加載器爲:sun.misc.Launcher$ExtClassLoader@43d7741f file:/C:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_172/jre/lib/ext/access-bridge-64.jar file:/C:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_172/jre/lib/ext/cldrdata.jar 。。。此處省略部分。。。 當前類加載器爲:null 如下爲StandardEngine的全部方法................. public void org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.setParent(org.apache.catalina.Container) public org.apache.catalina.Service org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.getService() 。。。此處省略部分。。。 反射調用方法測試............................ before:null after:hahaha...
由上可知,咱們訪問tomcat 自身的類,好比 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine,是徹底沒問題的。
不太好描述,直接碼,咱們首先定義一個測試類,
# TestSample.java public class TestSample { public void printClassLoader(TestSample testSample) { System.out.println(testSample.getClass().getClassLoader()); } }
這個類,足夠簡單,裏面僅一個方法,方法接收一個本身類型的參數,方法體是打印出參數的類加載器。
在測試類中,直接 new 一個該類的對象A,而後調用其 printClassLoader,將對象A本身傳入,默認的打印結果是:
TestSample loader = new TestSample(); loader.printClassLoader(loader);
sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader@18b4aac2
sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader 這個類,就是咱們的應用類加載器,通常程序裏,沒有顯示定義過類加載器的話,classpath下的類都由該類加載。
咱們要作的試驗有兩個:
一、若是傳入的參數對象,由另一個類加載器加載的,能調用成功嗎,若是成功,結果是什麼?
二、若是由兩個相同類加載器的不一樣實例,來加載 TestSample ,而後反射獲取對象,那麼其中一個能做爲另外一個對象的 printClassLoader 的參數嗎?
開始以前,先準備好咱們自定義的類加載器,
1 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream; 2 import java.io.FileInputStream; 3 import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException; 4 5 /** 6 * desc: 7 * 8 * @author : caokunliang 9 * creat_date: 2019/6/13 0013 10 * creat_time: 10:19 11 **/ 12 public class MyClassLoader extends ClassLoader { 13 private String classPath; 14 private String className; 15 16 17 public MyClassLoader(String classPath, String className) { 18 this.classPath = classPath; 19 this.className = className; 20 } 21 22 @Override 23 protected Class<?> findClass(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException { 24 byte[] data = getData(); 25 try { 26 String string = new String(data, "utf-8"); 27 System.out.println(string); 28 } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) { 29 e.printStackTrace(); 30 } 31 32 return defineClass(className,data,0,data.length); 33 } 34 35 private byte[] getData(){ 36 String path = classPath; 37 38 try { 39 FileInputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(path); 40 ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); 41 byte[] bytes = new byte[2048]; 42 int num = 0; 43 while ((num = inputStream.read(bytes)) != -1){ 44 byteArrayOutputStream.write(bytes, 0,num); 45 } 46 47 return byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray(); 48 } catch (Exception e) { 49 e.printStackTrace(); 50 } 51 52 return null; 53 } 54 }
使用方法就像下面這樣:
MyClassLoader classLoader = new MyClassLoader("F:\\\\ownprojects\\\\test\\\\out\\\\TestSample.class", className); Class<?> loadClass = classLoader.findClass(className);
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException; import java.lang.reflect.Method; /** * desc: * * @author : caokunliang * creat_date: 2019/6/14 0014 * creat_time: 17:04 **/ public class MainTest {
public static void testMyClassLoaderAndAppClassloader()throws Exception{ // TestSample類由sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader 加載,那麼 printClassLoader 須要的參數類型應該也是 Launcher$AppClassLoader加載的TestSample類型 // 而這裏的 sample 正好知足,因此能夠成功 TestSample sample = new TestSample(); sample.printClassLoader(sample); String className = "TestSample"; MyClassLoader classLoader = new MyClassLoader("F:\\\\ownprojects\\\\test\\\\out\\\\TestSample.class", className); Class<?> loadClass = classLoader.findClass(className); Object instance = loadClass.newInstance(); // 查看是否能賦值 System.out.println(sample.getClass().isAssignableFrom(loadClass) ); // error: 這裏會報錯哦 TestSample instance1 = (TestSample) instance; sample.printClassLoader(instance1); } public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { testMyClassLoaderAndAppClassloader(); } }
執行結果以下,在上圖標紅行,會報錯,錯誤爲轉型錯誤:
[Loaded TestSample from __JVM_DefineClass__]
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ClassCastException: TestSample cannot be cast to TestSample
at MainTest.testMyClassLoaderAndAppClassloader(MainTest.java:25)
at MainTest.main(MainTest.java:48)
這裏能夠看出來,不一樣類加載器加載的類,即便是同一個類,也是不兼容的。由於這個例子中,一個是由Launcher$AppClassLoader加載,一個是自定義加載器加載的。
下面,咱們將進一步驗證這個結論。
public static void testMyClassLoaderAndAnotherMyClassLoader() throws Exception { String className = "TestSample"; MyClassLoader classLoader = new MyClassLoader("F:\\\\ownprojects\\\\test\\\\out\\\\TestSample.class", className); Class<?> loadClass = classLoader.findClass(className); Object instance = loadClass.newInstance(); MyClassLoader classLoader1 = new MyClassLoader("F:\\\\ownprojects\\\\test\\\\out\\\\TestSample.class", className); Class<?> loadClass1 = classLoader1.findClass(className); Object instance1 = loadClass1.newInstance(); Method method = instance.getClass().getMethod("printClassLoader", new Class[]{TestSample.class}); method.invoke(instance,instance); }
上圖紅色處,會報錯,報錯以下,緣由是TestSample.class 默認在classpath下,由應用類加載器加載,而 instance 是由 classLoader 加載的,參數類型所以不匹配:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoSuchMethodException: TestSample.printClassLoader(TestSample) at java.lang.Class.getMethod(Class.java:1786) at MainTest.testMyClassLoaderAndAnotherMyClassLoader(MainTest.java:43) at MainTest.main(MainTest.java:49)
(改動僅標紅處)
public static void testMyClassLoaderAndAnotherMyClassLoader() throws Exception { String className = "TestSample"; MyClassLoader classLoader = new MyClassLoader("F:\\\\ownprojects\\\\test\\\\out\\\\TestSample.class", className); Class<?> loadClass = classLoader.findClass(className); Object instance = loadClass.newInstance(); MyClassLoader classLoader1 = new MyClassLoader("F:\\\\ownprojects\\\\test\\\\out\\\\TestSample.class", className); Class<?> loadClass1 = classLoader1.findClass(className); Object instance1 = loadClass1.newInstance(); Method method = instance.getClass().getMethod("printClassLoader", new Class[]{loadClass}); method.invoke(instance,instance); }
能夠正常執行,結果爲:
[Loaded TestSample from __JVM_DefineClass__]
MyClassLoader@41a4555e
public static void testMyClassLoaderAndAnotherMyClassLoader() throws Exception { String className = "TestSample"; MyClassLoader classLoader = new MyClassLoader("F:\\\\ownprojects\\\\test\\\\out\\\\TestSample.class", className); Class<?> loadClass = classLoader.findClass(className); Object instance = loadClass.newInstance(); MyClassLoader classLoader1 = new MyClassLoader("F:\\\\ownprojects\\\\test\\\\out\\\\TestSample.class", className); Class<?> loadClass1 = classLoader1.findClass(className); Object instance1 = loadClass1.newInstance(); Method method = instance.getClass().getMethod("printClassLoader", new Class[]{loadClass1}); method.invoke(instance,instance); }
報錯,錯誤和實驗3-1差很少:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoSuchMethodException: TestSample.printClassLoader(TestSample) at java.lang.Class.getMethod(Class.java:1786) at MainTest.testMyClassLoaderAndAnotherMyClassLoader(MainTest.java:43) at MainTest.main(MainTest.java:49)
public static void testMyClassLoaderAndAnotherMyClassLoader() throws Exception { String className = "TestSample"; MyClassLoader classLoader = new MyClassLoader("F:\\\\ownprojects\\\\test\\\\out\\\\TestSample.class", className); Class<?> loadClass = classLoader.findClass(className); Object instance = loadClass.newInstance(); MyClassLoader classLoader1 = new MyClassLoader("F:\\\\ownprojects\\\\test\\\\out\\\\TestSample.class", className); Class<?> loadClass1 = classLoader1.findClass(className); Object instance1 = loadClass1.newInstance(); Method method = instance.getClass().getMethod("printClassLoader", new Class[]{loadClass}); method.invoke(instance,instance1); }
此時報錯和前面不一樣:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: argument type mismatch at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) at MainTest.testMyClassLoaderAndAnotherMyClassLoader(MainTest.java:44) at MainTest.main(MainTest.java:49)
好了,作了這麼多實驗,想必大概都瞭解了吧,參數類型不僅是徹底限定類名要一致,並且還須要類加載器一致才行。
簡單的參數傳遞,實際上隱藏瞭如此之多的東西。參數要傳對,看來不能拼人品啊,仍是得靠知識。
不知道看完了上面的實驗,你們有沒有想到一個問題,在咱們的servlet 開發中,servlet-api.jar 包默認是由 tomcat 提供的,意思也就是,servlet-api.jar中的類應該都是由 tomcat 的common 類加載器加載的。(這個早已驗證,可翻我以前的博客)
servlet-api.jar包中,有不少類,你們確定用過 javax.servlet.Filter#doFilter :
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException;
咱們思考一個問題,假如 咱們在咱們 web-inf/lib下,本身放上一個 servlet-api.jar,那麼加載 web-inf/lib 的天然就是 webappClassloader,那麼加載咱們的filter的,也就是 webappClassloader。那麼咱們的filter的參數,默認就應該只接受 webappclassloader 加載的 ServletRequest 、ServletResponse 類。
可是,很顯然,由於 Tomcat 的lib下面也有 servlet-api.jar,給咱們的filter 傳遞的 reqeust參數,應該是由其 本身的common 類加載器加載的,問題來了,這樣還能調用成功咱們的 filter 方法嗎?按理說,不可能,應該會報一個參數類型不匹配的錯誤纔對,由於上一章的實驗結果就擺在那裏。
那就再測試一次吧,事實勝於雄辯,首先,咱們將複用第一章的例子的servlet,惟一要改的,只是pom.xml(註釋了provided那行):
1 <dependency> 2 <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> 3 <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> 4 <version>3.1.0</version> 5 <!--<scope>provided</scope>--> 6 </dependency>
maven打包部署到tomcat,咱們啓動Tomcat時,能夠在catalina.sh/bat 中加一個參數:-XX:+TraceClassLoading,啓動後,訪問咱們的 MyServlet,並無什麼異常(你們能夠試試)。
而後我看了下,servletRequest等class,到底從哪加載的,下圖能夠看出來,都是來自 tomcat 自身的 servlet-api.jar包:
而咱們的 web-inf下的 servlet-api 包,徹底就是個悲劇,被忽略了啊。。。慘。。。(我要你有何用??)
並且,另一個層面來講,運行徹底沒報錯,說明 webapp 中 加載servlet-api.jar包的classloader 和 tomcat 加載 servlet-api.jar包的classloader 爲同一個,否則早就報錯了。那麼意思就是說, webapp 中加載 servlet-api.jar ,其實用的 tomcat 的common 類加載器去加載。(我真的柯南附體了。。。) 反證法也能夠說明這一點,由於咱們在 webapp的lib 下,是能夠不放 servlet-api.jar包的,jar包只在 tomcat 有,而 webapp 的類加載器又不能去加載 tomcat 的東西,因此,只能說: webapp 類加載器委託了 tomcat 幫他加載。
咱們能夠看看 webappclassloader 的實現,我本地源碼版本是 tomcat 7的,不過無所謂,都差很少:
org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoaderBase#loadClass(java.lang.String, boolean):
1 synchronized (getClassLoadingLockInternal(name)) { 2 if (log.isDebugEnabled()) 3 log.debug("loadClass(" + name + ", " + resolve + ")"); 4 Class<?> clazz = null; 5 6 7 // (0) Check our previously loaded local class cache // 檢查本加載器是否加載過了,本地有個map 8 clazz = findLoadedClass0(name); 9 if (clazz != null) { 10 if (log.isDebugEnabled()) 11 log.debug(" Returning class from cache"); 12 if (resolve) 13 resolveClass(clazz); 14 return (clazz); 15 } 16 17 // (0.1) Check our previously loaded class cache // 調用了本加載器的本地方法,查看是否加載過了 18 clazz = findLoadedClass(name); 19 if (clazz != null) { 20 if (log.isDebugEnabled()) 21 log.debug(" Returning class from cache"); 22 if (resolve) 23 resolveClass(clazz); 24 return (clazz); 25 } 26 27 // (0.2) Try loading the class with the system class loader, to prevent // 先交給 擴展類加載器,省得把 jre/ext下面的類本身加載了出大事 28 // the webapp from overriding J2SE classes 29 try { 30 clazz = j2seClassLoader.loadClass(name); 31 if (clazz != null) { 32 if (resolve) 33 resolveClass(clazz); 34 return (clazz); 35 } 36 } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { 37 // Ignore 38 } 39 40 // (0.5) Permission to access this class when using a SecurityManager 這個無論,咱們這邊是null 41 if (securityManager != null) { 42 int i = name.lastIndexOf('.'); 43 if (i >= 0) { 44 try { 45 securityManager.checkPackageAccess(name.substring(0,i)); 46 } catch (SecurityException se) { 47 String error = "Security Violation, attempt to use " + 48 "Restricted Class: " + name; 49 log.info(error, se); 50 throw new ClassNotFoundException(error, se); 51 } 52 } 53 } 54 55 boolean delegateLoad = delegate || filter(name); //默認爲false,能夠配置,若是爲true,表示應該交給 tomcat 的common類加載器先加載 56 57 // (1) Delegate to our parent if requested 58 if (delegateLoad) { 59 if (log.isDebugEnabled()) 60 log.debug(" Delegating to parent classloader1 " + parent); 61 try { 62 clazz = Class.forName(name, false, parent); 63 if (clazz != null) { 64 if (log.isDebugEnabled()) 65 log.debug(" Loading class from parent"); 66 if (resolve) 67 resolveClass(clazz); 68 return (clazz); 69 } 70 } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { 71 // Ignore 72 } 73 } 74 75 // (2) Search local repositories // 若是 tomcat 的common類加載器 加載失敗,則有本身加載 76 if (log.isDebugEnabled()) 77 log.debug(" Searching local repositories"); 78 try { 79 clazz = findClass(name); 80 if (clazz != null) { 81 if (log.isDebugEnabled()) 82 log.debug(" Loading class from local repository"); 83 if (resolve) 84 resolveClass(clazz); 85 return (clazz); 86 } 87 } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { 88 // Ignore 89 } 90 91 // (3) Delegate to parent unconditionally // 若是本身加載失敗了,別說了,都甩給 tomcat 的common類加載器吧 92 if (!delegateLoad) { 93 if (log.isDebugEnabled()) 94 log.debug(" Delegating to parent classloader at end: " + parent); 95 try { 96 clazz = Class.forName(name, false, parent); 97 if (clazz != null) { 98 if (log.isDebugEnabled()) 99 log.debug(" Loading class from parent"); 100 if (resolve) 101 resolveClass(clazz); 102 return (clazz); 103 } 104 } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { 105 // Ignore 106 } 107 }
簡單概括下:
一、webappclassloader 加載時,先看本加載器的緩存,看看是否加載過了,加載過了直接返回,不然進入2;
二、先給 jdk 的jre/ext 類加載器加載, jre/ext 若是加載不了,會丟給 Bootstrap 加載器,若是加載到了,則返回,不然進入3;
三、判斷delegate 屬性,若是爲true,則進入3.1,爲false,則進入 3.2
3.1 丟給tomcat 的common 類加載器,加載成功則返回,不然本加載器真正嘗試加載,成功則返回,不然拋異常:加載失敗。
3.2 先讓本身類加載器嘗試,成功則返回,不然丟給 tomcat 加載,成功則返回,不然拋異常:加載失敗。
對象,由類生成,類,由類加載器加載而來。 對象的方法參數的類型,也和類加載器息息相關, 這個參數是 類加載器 A 加載的class B類型,你必須也傳一個這樣的給我,我才認啊。
舉個例子,假設你前後有過兩個女友,前女朋友給你送了個iphone 8,現女朋友也送了你一個iphone 8, 這兩個iphone 8 都是同一個地方買的,那這兩個iPhone 8 能同樣嗎?要不問問你現女朋友去?
因此說啊,java這東西,他麼的易學難精。。。繼續努力吧。 下篇能夠寫寫熱部署、OSGI的問題,(半桶水,我本身也要去研究下,哈哈)。。