JS學習筆記(第9章)(客戶端檢測)

一、能力檢測

能力檢測的目標不是識別特定的瀏覽器,而是識別瀏覽器的能力。在可能的狀況下,要儘可能使用typeof進行能力檢測。在瀏覽器環境下測試任何對象的某的特性是否存在,要使用下面的函數:html

function isHostMethod(object,property) {
    var t = typeof object[property];
    return t=='function' || (!!(t=='object' && object[[property]])) || t=='unknown';
}

result = isHostMethod(xhr,"open");   //true
result = isHostMethod(xhr,"foo");    //false

二、怪癖檢測

怪癖檢測的目標是識別瀏覽器的特殊性爲,怪癖其實是瀏覽器實現中存在的bug。android

三、用戶代理檢測

經過檢測用戶代理字符串來識別瀏覽器。用戶代理字符串中包含大量與瀏覽器有關的信息,包括瀏覽器、平臺、操做系統及瀏覽器版本。
(1)識別呈現引擎
(2)識別瀏覽器
(3)識別平臺
(4)識別Winidows操做系統
(5)識別移動設備
(6)識別遊戲系統ios

完整代碼以下:web

var client = function(){

    //呈現引擎
    var engine = {            
        ie: 0,
        gecko: 0,
        webkit: 0,
        khtml: 0,
        opera: 0,

        //完整的版本號
        ver: null  
    };
    
    //瀏覽器
    var browser = {
        
        //主要瀏覽器
        ie: 0,
        firefox: 0,
        safari: 0,
        konq: 0,
        opera: 0,
        chrome: 0,

        //具體版本號
        ver: null
    };

    
    //平臺、設備和操做系統
    var system = {
        win: false,
        mac: false,
        x11: false,
        
        //移動設備
        iphone: false,
        ipod: false,
        ipad: false,
        ios: false,
        android: false,
        nokiaN: false,
        winMobile: false,
        
        //遊戲系統
        wii: false,
        ps: false 
    };    

    //檢測呈現引擎和瀏覽器
    var ua = navigator.userAgent;    
    if (window.opera){
        engine.ver = browser.ver = window.opera.version();
        engine.opera = browser.opera = parseFloat(engine.ver);
    } else if (/AppleWebKit\/(\S+)/.test(ua)){
        engine.ver = RegExp["$1"];
        engine.webkit = parseFloat(engine.ver);
        
        //肯定是chrome仍是safari
        if (/Chrome\/(\S+)/.test(ua)){
            browser.ver = RegExp["$1"];
            browser.chrome = parseFloat(browser.ver);
        } else if (/Version\/(\S+)/.test(ua)){
            browser.ver = RegExp["$1"];
            browser.safari = parseFloat(browser.ver);
        } else {
            //近似地肯定版本好=號
            var safariVersion = 1;
            if (engine.webkit < 100){
                safariVersion = 1;
            } else if (engine.webkit < 312){
                safariVersion = 1.2;
            } else if (engine.webkit < 412){
                safariVersion = 1.3;
            } else {
                safariVersion = 2;
            }   
            
            browser.safari = browser.ver = safariVersion;        
        }
    } else if (/KHTML\/(\S+)/.test(ua) || /Konqueror\/([^;]+)/.test(ua)){
        engine.ver = browser.ver = RegExp["$1"];
        engine.khtml = browser.konq = parseFloat(engine.ver);
    } else if (/rv:([^\)]+)\) Gecko\/\d{8}/.test(ua)){    
        engine.ver = RegExp["$1"];
        engine.gecko = parseFloat(engine.ver);
        
        //肯定是否是Firefox
        if (/Firefox\/(\S+)/.test(ua)){
            browser.ver = RegExp["$1"];
            browser.firefox = parseFloat(browser.ver);
        }
    } else if (/MSIE ([^;]+)/.test(ua)){    
        engine.ver = browser.ver = RegExp["$1"];
        engine.ie = browser.ie = parseFloat(engine.ver);
    }
    
    //檢測瀏覽器
    browser.ie = engine.ie;
    browser.opera = engine.opera;
    

    //檢測平臺
    var p = navigator.platform;
    system.win = p.indexOf("Win") == 0;
    system.mac = p.indexOf("Mac") == 0;
    system.x11 = (p == "X11") || (p.indexOf("Linux") == 0);

    //檢測 windows 操做系統
    if (system.win){
        if (/Win(?:dows )?([^do]{2})\s?(\d+\.\d+)?/.test(ua)){
            if (RegExp["$1"] == "NT"){
                switch(RegExp["$2"]){
                    case "5.0":
                        system.win = "2000";
                        break;
                    case "5.1":
                        system.win = "XP";
                        break;
                    case "6.0":
                        system.win = "Vista";
                        break;
                    case "6.1":
                        system.win = "7";
                        break;
                    default:
                        system.win = "NT";
                        break;                
                }                            
            } else if (RegExp["$1"] == "9x"){
                system.win = "ME";
            } else {
                system.win = RegExp["$1"];
            }
        }
    }
    
    //移動設備
    system.iphone = ua.indexOf("iPhone") > -1;
    system.ipod = ua.indexOf("iPod") > -1;
    system.ipad = ua.indexOf("iPad") > -1;
    system.nokiaN = ua.indexOf("NokiaN") > -1;
    
    //windows mobile
    if (system.win == "CE"){
        system.winMobile = system.win;
    } else if (system.win == "Ph"){
        if(/Windows Phone OS (\d+.\d+)/.test(ua)){;
            system.win = "Phone";
            system.winMobile = parseFloat(RegExp["$1"]);
        }
    }
    
    
    //檢測iOS版本
    if (system.mac && ua.indexOf("Mobile") > -1){
        if (/CPU (?:iPhone )?OS (\d+_\d+)/.test(ua)){
            system.ios = parseFloat(RegExp.$1.replace("_", "."));
        } else {
            system.ios = 2;  //不能真正檢測出來,因此只能猜想
        }
    }
    
    //檢測Android版本
    if (/Android (\d+\.\d+)/.test(ua)){
        system.android = parseFloat(RegExp.$1);
    }
    
    //遊戲系統
    system.wii = ua.indexOf("Wii") > -1;
    system.ps = /playstation/i.test(ua);
    
    //返回這些對象
    return {
        engine:     engine,
        browser:    browser,
        system:     system        
    };

}();
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