能力檢測的目標不是識別特定的瀏覽器,而是識別瀏覽器的能力。在可能的狀況下,要儘可能使用typeof進行能力檢測。在瀏覽器環境下測試任何對象的某的特性是否存在,要使用下面的函數:html
function isHostMethod(object,property) { var t = typeof object[property]; return t=='function' || (!!(t=='object' && object[[property]])) || t=='unknown'; } result = isHostMethod(xhr,"open"); //true result = isHostMethod(xhr,"foo"); //false
怪癖檢測的目標是識別瀏覽器的特殊性爲,怪癖其實是瀏覽器實現中存在的bug。android
經過檢測用戶代理字符串來識別瀏覽器。用戶代理字符串中包含大量與瀏覽器有關的信息,包括瀏覽器、平臺、操做系統及瀏覽器版本。
(1)識別呈現引擎
(2)識別瀏覽器
(3)識別平臺
(4)識別Winidows操做系統
(5)識別移動設備
(6)識別遊戲系統ios
完整代碼以下:web
var client = function(){ //呈現引擎 var engine = { ie: 0, gecko: 0, webkit: 0, khtml: 0, opera: 0, //完整的版本號 ver: null }; //瀏覽器 var browser = { //主要瀏覽器 ie: 0, firefox: 0, safari: 0, konq: 0, opera: 0, chrome: 0, //具體版本號 ver: null }; //平臺、設備和操做系統 var system = { win: false, mac: false, x11: false, //移動設備 iphone: false, ipod: false, ipad: false, ios: false, android: false, nokiaN: false, winMobile: false, //遊戲系統 wii: false, ps: false }; //檢測呈現引擎和瀏覽器 var ua = navigator.userAgent; if (window.opera){ engine.ver = browser.ver = window.opera.version(); engine.opera = browser.opera = parseFloat(engine.ver); } else if (/AppleWebKit\/(\S+)/.test(ua)){ engine.ver = RegExp["$1"]; engine.webkit = parseFloat(engine.ver); //肯定是chrome仍是safari if (/Chrome\/(\S+)/.test(ua)){ browser.ver = RegExp["$1"]; browser.chrome = parseFloat(browser.ver); } else if (/Version\/(\S+)/.test(ua)){ browser.ver = RegExp["$1"]; browser.safari = parseFloat(browser.ver); } else { //近似地肯定版本好=號 var safariVersion = 1; if (engine.webkit < 100){ safariVersion = 1; } else if (engine.webkit < 312){ safariVersion = 1.2; } else if (engine.webkit < 412){ safariVersion = 1.3; } else { safariVersion = 2; } browser.safari = browser.ver = safariVersion; } } else if (/KHTML\/(\S+)/.test(ua) || /Konqueror\/([^;]+)/.test(ua)){ engine.ver = browser.ver = RegExp["$1"]; engine.khtml = browser.konq = parseFloat(engine.ver); } else if (/rv:([^\)]+)\) Gecko\/\d{8}/.test(ua)){ engine.ver = RegExp["$1"]; engine.gecko = parseFloat(engine.ver); //肯定是否是Firefox if (/Firefox\/(\S+)/.test(ua)){ browser.ver = RegExp["$1"]; browser.firefox = parseFloat(browser.ver); } } else if (/MSIE ([^;]+)/.test(ua)){ engine.ver = browser.ver = RegExp["$1"]; engine.ie = browser.ie = parseFloat(engine.ver); } //檢測瀏覽器 browser.ie = engine.ie; browser.opera = engine.opera; //檢測平臺 var p = navigator.platform; system.win = p.indexOf("Win") == 0; system.mac = p.indexOf("Mac") == 0; system.x11 = (p == "X11") || (p.indexOf("Linux") == 0); //檢測 windows 操做系統 if (system.win){ if (/Win(?:dows )?([^do]{2})\s?(\d+\.\d+)?/.test(ua)){ if (RegExp["$1"] == "NT"){ switch(RegExp["$2"]){ case "5.0": system.win = "2000"; break; case "5.1": system.win = "XP"; break; case "6.0": system.win = "Vista"; break; case "6.1": system.win = "7"; break; default: system.win = "NT"; break; } } else if (RegExp["$1"] == "9x"){ system.win = "ME"; } else { system.win = RegExp["$1"]; } } } //移動設備 system.iphone = ua.indexOf("iPhone") > -1; system.ipod = ua.indexOf("iPod") > -1; system.ipad = ua.indexOf("iPad") > -1; system.nokiaN = ua.indexOf("NokiaN") > -1; //windows mobile if (system.win == "CE"){ system.winMobile = system.win; } else if (system.win == "Ph"){ if(/Windows Phone OS (\d+.\d+)/.test(ua)){; system.win = "Phone"; system.winMobile = parseFloat(RegExp["$1"]); } } //檢測iOS版本 if (system.mac && ua.indexOf("Mobile") > -1){ if (/CPU (?:iPhone )?OS (\d+_\d+)/.test(ua)){ system.ios = parseFloat(RegExp.$1.replace("_", ".")); } else { system.ios = 2; //不能真正檢測出來,因此只能猜想 } } //檢測Android版本 if (/Android (\d+\.\d+)/.test(ua)){ system.android = parseFloat(RegExp.$1); } //遊戲系統 system.wii = ua.indexOf("Wii") > -1; system.ps = /playstation/i.test(ua); //返回這些對象 return { engine: engine, browser: browser, system: system }; }();