之前寫的很簡單,只有幾句話,最近發現本文是本博客閱讀量最大的一篇文章,以爲這樣有種把人騙進來的感受,因而又細化了一些。若是還有很差的地方,歡迎指出。python
首先說明基本功能:json
dumps是將dict轉化成str格式,loads是將str轉化成dict格式。python2.7
dump和load也是相似的功能,只是與文件操做結合起來了。指針
看代碼實例:orm
In [1]: import json In [2]: a = {'name': 'wang', 'age': 29} In [3]: b = json.dumps(a) In [4]: print b, type(b) {"age": 29, "name": "wang"} <type 'str'> In [11]: json.loads(b) Out[11]: {u'age': 29, u'name': u'wang'} In [12]: print type(json.loads(b)) <type 'dict'>
而後再看dump和dumps的區別,見代碼:對象
In [1]: import json In [2]: a = {'name': 'wang', 'age': 29} In [3]: b = json.dumps(a) In [4]: print b, type(b) {"age": 29, "name": "wang"} <type 'str'> In [5]: c = json.dump(a) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- TypeError Traceback (most recent call last) <ipython-input-5-92dc0d929363> in <module>() ----> 1 c = json.dump(a) TypeError: dump() takes at least 2 arguments (1 given)
這裏提示咱們少一個參數,咱們看一下幫助文件(iPyhton中能夠直接使用help(json.dumps)來查看幫助文件):blog
dumps(obj, skipkeys=False, ensure_ascii=True, check_circular=True, allow_nan=True, cls=None, indent=None, separators=None, encoding='utf-8', default=None, sort_keys=False, **kw)
Serialize ``obj`` to a JSON formatted ``str``.ip
dump(obj, fp, skipkeys=False, ensure_ascii=True, check_circular=True, allow_nan=True, cls=None, indent=None, separators=None, encoding='utf-8', default=None, sort_keys=False, **kw)
Serialize ``obj`` as a JSON formatted stream to ``fp`` (a
``.write()``-supporting file-like object).utf-8
簡單說就是dump須要一個相似於文件指針的參數(並非真的指針,可稱之爲類文件對象),能夠與文件操做結合,也就是說能夠將dict轉成str而後存入文件中;而dumps直接給的是str,也就是將字典轉成str。ci
例子見代碼(注意文件操做的一些小細節):
In [1]: import json In [2]: a = {'name': 'wang'} In [3]: fp = file('test.txt', 'w') In [4]: type(fp) Out[4]: file In [5]: json.dump(a, fp) In [6]: cat test.txt In [7]: fp.close() In [8]: cat test.txt {"name": "wang"} In [9]: json.load(fp) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ValueError Traceback (most recent call last) <ipython-input-9-0064dabedb17> in <module>() ----> 1 json.load(fp) /usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.11/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/json/__init__.pyc in load(fp, encoding, cls, object_hook, parse_float, parse_int, parse_constant, object_pairs_hook, **kw) 285 286 """ --> 287 return loads(fp.read(), 288 encoding=encoding, cls=cls, object_hook=object_hook, 289 parse_float=parse_float, parse_int=parse_int, ValueError: I/O operation on closed file In [10]: fp = file('test.txt', 'r') In [11]: json.load(fp) Out[11]: {u'name': u'wang'}
注:實際中dump用的較少。
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