python json.dumps() json.dump()的區別

 

之前寫的很簡單,只有幾句話,最近發現本文是本博客閱讀量最大的一篇文章,以爲這樣有種把人騙進來的感受,因而又細化了一些。若是還有很差的地方,歡迎指出。python

 

首先說明基本功能:json

dumps是將dict轉化成str格式,loads是將str轉化成dict格式。post

dump和load也是相似的功能,只是與文件操做結合起來了。spa

 

看代碼實例:指針

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In [ 1 ]: import json
 
In [ 2 ]: a = { 'name' : 'wang' , 'age' : 29 }
 
In [ 3 ]: b = json.dumps(a)
 
In [ 4 ]: print b, type (b)
{ "age" : 29 , "name" : "wang" } < type 'str' >
 
In [ 11 ]: json.loads(b)
Out[ 11 ]: {u 'age' : 29 , u 'name' : u 'wang' }
 
In [ 12 ]: print type (json.loads(b))
< type 'dict' >

 

而後再看dump和dumps的區別,見代碼:code

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In [ 1 ]: import json
 
In [ 2 ]: a = { 'name' : 'wang' , 'age' : 29 }
 
In [ 3 ]: b = json.dumps(a)
 
In [ 4 ]: print b, type (b)
{ "age" : 29 , "name" : "wang" } < type 'str' >
 
In [ 5 ]: c = json.dump(a)
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython - input - 5 - 92dc0d929363 > in <module>()
- - - - > 1 c = json.dump(a)
 
TypeError: dump() takes at least 2 arguments ( 1 given)

 

這裏提示咱們少一個參數,咱們看一下幫助文件(iPyhton中能夠直接使用help(json.dumps)來查看幫助文件):orm

 

dumps(obj, skipkeys=False, ensure_ascii=True, check_circular=True, allow_nan=True, cls=None, indent=None, separators=None, encoding='utf-8', default=None, sort_keys=False, **kw)
Serialize ``obj`` to a JSON formatted ``str``.對象

 

dump(obj, fp, skipkeys=False, ensure_ascii=True, check_circular=True, allow_nan=True, cls=None, indent=None, separators=None, encoding='utf-8', default=None, sort_keys=False, **kw)
Serialize ``obj`` as a JSON formatted stream to ``fp`` (a
``.write()``-supporting file-like object).blog

 

簡單說就是dump須要一個相似於文件指針的參數(並非真的指針,可稱之爲類文件對象),能夠與文件操做結合,也就是說能夠將dict轉成str而後存入文件中;而dumps直接給的是str,也就是將字典轉成str。ip

例子見代碼(注意文件操做的一些小細節):

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In [ 1 ]: import json
 
In [ 2 ]: a = { 'name' : 'wang' }
 
In [ 3 ]: fp = file ( 'test.txt' , 'w' )
 
In [ 4 ]: type (fp)
Out[ 4 ]: file
 
In [ 5 ]: json.dump(a, fp)
 
In [ 6 ]: cat test.txt
 
In [ 7 ]: fp.close()
 
In [ 8 ]: cat test.txt
{ "name" : "wang" }
In [ 9 ]: json.load(fp)
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ValueError                                Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython - input - 9 - 0064dabedb17 > in <module>()
- - - - > 1 json.load(fp)
 
/ usr / local / Cellar / python / 2.7 . 11 / Frameworks / Python.framework / Versions / 2.7 / lib / python2. 7 / json / __init__.pyc in load(fp, encoding, cls , object_hook, parse_float, parse_int, parse_constant, object_pairs_hook, * * kw)
     285
     286     """
- - > 287     return loads(fp.read(),
     288         encoding = encoding, cls = cls , object_hook = object_hook,
     289         parse_float = parse_float, parse_int = parse_int,
 
ValueError: I / O operation on closed file
 
In [ 10 ]: fp = file ( 'test.txt' , 'r' )
 
In [ 11 ]: json.load(fp)
Out[ 11 ]: {u 'name' : u 'wang' }

  

注:實際中dump用的較少。

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