像MYSQL同樣驗證MongoDB字段

MongoDB在某些時候被人詬病,說字段過於靈活,數據結構不穩定,從而被排除在外。mongodb

例如,用戶表,大部分狀況下,都是固定格式:數據庫

| id | name | age | province |
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類型是:express

| ID | CHAR | INT | VARTXT |
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若是使用MongoDB,由於是文檔類型,字段增長修改靈活,這就會有一個問題,若是不當心被人insert了一個數據:json

{
  name: "Jerry",
  age: "18",
  province: "Guangdong"
}
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你們看這個 age: "18",特別在當前NodeJS流行的環境下,WEB提交的表但都是string,就有可能出現。固然解決辦法也是有的:markdown

  • 應用層面驗證——就是本身寫驗證,例如Koa/expressjs中間,或koa-validate;
  • 使用Mongoose schema驗證/轉換;

使用Mongoose Schema:

const mongoose = require('mongoose')

var UserSchema = mongoose.Schema({
  _id: false,
  name: {
    type: String,
    required: [true, "user name is required"]
  },
  age: {
    type: Number
  },
  province: {
    type: String
  }
});
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使用mongoose的好處是,不但能夠驗證,還能夠轉換類型,除此以外,還能夠更貼合面向對象的方式使用數據,因此十分推薦引入Mongoose庫。數據結構

那麼問題來了,若是同一個數據庫的使用這,不是NodeJS環境呢?你們都知道在微服務中,有可能使用Java來實現各類數據的處理。因此最好的方式就是像MYSQL那樣在數據庫裏驗證。koa

使用jsonSchema驗證MongoDB字段

在MongoDB3.6後,支持jsonSchema的數據驗證,經過以下方式能夠配置,也能夠修改。async

//建表的時候配置
db.createCollection( <collection>, { validator: { $jsonSchema: <schema> } } )
//隨時修改
db.runCommand( { collMod: <collection>, validator:{ $jsonSchema: <schema> } } )
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配置的方式就是上面的2個語句,很是簡單,使用的是標準JSON Schema規範。mongoose

JSON Schema規範內容,這裏不鋪開闡述,你們能夠本身搜索。固然mongoDB也有本身的一些字段類型,這一點和Javascript有點不同。例如int,那麼10是合法的,但10.1是不合法的。還有一些細則,例以下面的year。微服務

year: {
    bsonType: "int",
    minimum: 2017,
    maximum: 3017,
    description: "must be an integer in [ 2017, 3017 ] and is required"
},
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這裏僅作介紹,具體能夠到官網去看,也不復雜。

效果

在設置好驗證後,只要驗證不經過,就會報錯:

WriteResult({
	"nInserted" : 0,
	"writeError" : {
		"code" : 121,
		"errmsg" : "Document failed validation"
	}
})
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在NodeJS裏,能夠經過代碼來設置,只是若是使用mongoose,由於不提供mongodb connector內置對象暴露,須要咱們稍稍處理一下便可。

const MongoClient = require("mongodb").MongoClient;
const URL = 'mongodb://@127.0.0.1:27017/mydb'

function connect () {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    MongoClient.connect(URL, { useNewUrlParser: true }, (err, database) => {
      if (err) {
        console.log(`Unable to connect to the databse: ${err}`);
        reject(err)
      } else {
        console.log('Connected to the database');
        resolve(database)
      }
    });
  })
}
async function init () {
  let connection = await connect()
  let db = connection.db()
  //這裏寫jsonSchema
  await db.createCollection(<collection>, { validator: { $jsonSchema: <schema> } })
  //這裏修改jsonSchema
  await db.runCommand( { collMod: <collection>, validator:{ $jsonSchema: <schema> } } )
}
init().then(() => {})
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咱們寫一些測試用例:

const chai = require('chai')
const { expect } = chai

const URL = 'mongodb://@127.0.0.1:27017/mydb'
const MongoClient = require("mongodb").MongoClient;

function connect () {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    MongoClient.connect(URL, { useNewUrlParser: true }, (err, database) => {
      if (err) {
        console.log(`Unable to connect to the databse: ${err}`);
        reject(err)
      } else {
        console.log('Connected to the database');
        resolve(database)
      }
    });
  })
}

describe('mongoose', function () {
  it('createCollection', async () => {
    let connection = await connect()
    let db = connection.db()
    await db.createCollection('students', {
      validator: {
        $jsonSchema: {
          required: ["name"],
          properties: {
            name: {
              bsonType: "string",
              description: "must be a string and is required"
            },
            age: {
              bsonType: "int"
            },
            score: {
              bsonType: "number"
            },
            height: {
              bsonType: "double"
            },
            address: {
              bsonType: "object",
              required: ["zipcode"],
              properties: {
                "street": { bsonType: "string" },
                "zipcode": { bsonType: "string" }
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    })

  })
  it('jsonSchemaMod', async () => {
    let connection = await connect()
    let db = connection.db()
    let rs = await db.command({
      collMod: 'students',
      validator: {
        $jsonSchema: {
          required: ["name"],
          properties: {
            name: {
              bsonType: "string",
              description: "must be a string and is required"
            },
            age: {
              bsonType: "int"
            },
            score: {
              bsonType: "number"
            },
            height: {
              bsonType: "double"
            },
            address: {
              bsonType: "object",
              required: ["zipcode"],
              properties: {
                "street": { bsonType: "string" },
                "zipcode": { bsonType: "string" }
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    })
    expect(rs).eql({ ok: 1 })
    // console.log('rs:', rs)
  })
  it('jsonSchemaModLess', async () => {
    let connection = await connect()
    let db = connection.db()
    let rs = await db.command({
      collMod: 'students',
      validator: {
        $jsonSchema: {
          properties: {
            name: {
              bsonType: "string",
              description: "must be a string and is required"
            },
            address: {
              bsonType: "object",
              properties: {
                "street": { bsonType: "string" },
                "zipcode": { bsonType: "string" }
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    })
    expect(rs).eql({ ok: 1 })
  })
  it('insert', async () => {
    let connection = await connect()
    let db = connection.db()

    let rs = await db.collection('students').insertOne({
      name: 'tom',
      age: 10,// 10.1 若是非整型,會失敗
      score: 100, //ok
      height: 180, //ok
      address: {
        zipcode: 'code' //zipcode empty fail
      },
      otherField: 'an other field'
    })

    expect(rs.result).include({ ok: 1 })
  })
  it('emptyName', async () => {
    let connection = await connect()
    let db = connection.db()
    // 若是name是必須,則會失敗
    let rs = await db.collection('students').insertOne({
      age: 10
    })
    // console.log(rs)
    await expect(rs.result).include({ ok: 1 })
  })
  it('found', async () => {
    let connection = await connect()
    let db = connection.db()

    let found = await db.collection('students').find().toArray()
    console.log('found:', found)

    expect(found).to.be.an('array')
  })
})
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這樣,咱們就實現了相似MYSQL的數據驗證。

因此呢,之後在也不要說MongoDB數據結構不穩定啦。

官方文檔傳送門:docs.mongodb.com/manual/refe…

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