Shiro —— 從一個簡單的例子開始

時間 2019-11-18

標籤 shiro 一個簡單例子開始简体版

原文原文鏈接

1、Shiro是用來作權限的。web

2、權限數據庫

1.基本概念：express

（1）安全實體：要保護的數據。apache

（2）權限：是否有能力去操做（查看、修改、刪除）保護的數據。緩存

二、權限的兩個特性安全

（1）權限的繼承性：A 包含 B，B無權限，但A有權限，此時B 的權限即爲 A 的權限。如大廈裏有公共廁所，進出大廈須要門禁，因此公共廁所的權限就是大廈的門禁權限。session

（2）最近路勁匹配：如大廈某層有衛生間，要想到此衛生間須要有該層電梯權限，此時該衛生間的權限爲該層電梯的權限，而不是大廈的門禁權限。app

3.幾個關鍵詞less

（1）認證：驗證用戶身份，即驗證登陸的用戶名密碼是否正確，用戶是否被鎖死。webapp

（2）受權：決定是否有權限訪問受保護的資源。

（3）加密：保護或隱藏受保護的資源。

（4）會話管理

（5）單點登陸（SSO）

3、Shiro

1.核心組件

（1）Subject：當前用戶。

（2）Shiro SecurityManager：Shiro 大管家。

（3）Realm：用於訪問數據庫。

2.Shiro SecurityManager

Shiro 的大管家管理着 Shiro 下的認證、受權、會話管理、緩存管理、以及 Realm 訪問數據庫，貫穿於始終的是加密。

3.用戶、角色、權限

（1）概念：

用戶：通俗來說，指的就是要登陸的用戶名密碼。
角色：權限的集合。
權限：是否有能力去作某件事。

（2）關係

權限做用於角色，角色是權限的一個集合
角色做用於用戶，用戶是什麼角色。

（3）維繫關係

用戶——角色：用戶角色中間表。
角色——權限：角色權限中間表。

（4）以上全部的這些都歸 Shiro 大管家來管理。

4、一個簡單的官方的例子

1.須要導入的 jar 包。

2.官方demo。

/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
 * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
 * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
 * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
 * specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 */

import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.*;
import org.apache.shiro.config.IniSecurityManagerFactory;
import org.apache.shiro.mgt.SecurityManager;
import org.apache.shiro.session.Session;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject;
import org.apache.shiro.util.Factory;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;


/**
 * Simple Quickstart application showing how to use Shiro's API.
 *
 * @since 0.9 RC2
 */
public class Quickstart {

    private static final transient Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Quickstart.class);


    public static void main(String[] args) {

        // The easiest way to create a Shiro SecurityManager with configured
        // realms, users, roles and permissions is to use the simple INI config.
        // We'll do that by using a factory that can ingest a .ini file and
        // return a SecurityManager instance:

        // Use the shiro.ini file at the root of the classpath
        // (file: and url: prefixes load from files and urls respectively):
        Factory<SecurityManager> factory = new IniSecurityManagerFactory("classpath:shiro.ini");
        SecurityManager securityManager = factory.getInstance();

        // for this simple example quickstart, make the SecurityManager
        // accessible as a JVM singleton.  Most applications wouldn't do this
        // and instead rely on their container configuration or web.xml for
        // webapps.  That is outside the scope of this simple quickstart, so
        // we'll just do the bare minimum so you can continue to get a feel
        // for things.
        SecurityUtils.setSecurityManager(securityManager);

        // Now that a simple Shiro environment is set up, let's see what you can do:

        // get the currently executing user:
        Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject();

        // Do some stuff with a Session (no need for a web or EJB container!!!)
        Session session = currentUser.getSession();
        session.setAttribute("someKey", "aValue");
        String value = (String) session.getAttribute("someKey");
        if (value.equals("aValue")) {
            log.info("-->Retrieved the correct value! [" + value + "]");
        }

        // let's login the current user so we can check against roles and permissions:
        if (!currentUser.isAuthenticated()) {
            UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken("lonestarr", "vespa");
            token.setRememberMe(true);
            try {
                currentUser.login(token);
            } catch (UnknownAccountException uae) {
                log.info("-->There is no user with username of " + token.getPrincipal());
            } catch (IncorrectCredentialsException ice) {
                log.info("-->Password for account " + token.getPrincipal() + " was incorrect!");
            } catch (LockedAccountException lae) {
                log.info("The account for username " + token.getPrincipal() + " is locked.  " +
                        "Please contact your administrator to unlock it.");
            }
            // ... catch more exceptions here (maybe custom ones specific to your application?
            catch (AuthenticationException ae) {
                //unexpected condition?  error?
            }
        }

        //say who they are:
        //print their identifying principal (in this case, a username):
        log.info("-->User [" + currentUser.getPrincipal() + "] logged in successfully.");

        //test a role:
        if (currentUser.hasRole("schwartz")) {
            log.info("-->May the Schwartz be with you!");
        } else {
            log.info("Hello, mere mortal.");
        }

        //test a typed permission (not instance-level)
        if (currentUser.isPermitted("lightsaber:weild")) {
            log.info("-->You may use a lightsaber ring.  Use it wisely.");
        } else {
            log.info("Sorry, lightsaber rings are for schwartz masters only.");
        }

        //a (very powerful) Instance Level permission:
        if (currentUser.isPermitted("winnebago:drive:eagle5")) {
            log.info("-->You are permitted to 'drive' the winnebago with license plate (id) 'eagle5'.  " +
                    "Here are the keys - have fun!");
        } else {
            log.info("Sorry, you aren't allowed to drive the 'eagle5' winnebago!");
        }

        //all done - log out!
        currentUser.logout();

        System.exit(0);
    }
}

說明：獲取 SecurityManager ，認證，認證失敗的幾種狀況，成功登錄後是否擁有某個角色，某個角色是否有某個權限。

[users]
root = secret, admin
guest = guest, guest
presidentskroob = 12345, president
darkhelmet = ludicrousspeed, darklord, schwartz
lonestarr = vespa, goodguy, schwartz

[roles]
admin = *
schwartz = lightsaber:*
goodguy = winnebago:drive:eagle5