Django REST framework--序列化

時間 2019-11-18

標籤 django rest framework 序列欄目 Python 简体版

原文原文鏈接

Django REST framework--序列化javascript

基礎準備工做php

建立項目添加應用css

(venv) lee@lee:~/PycharmProjects/Djdemo/djdemo$ python manage.py startapp snippets
(venv) lee@lee:~/PycharmProjects/Djdemo/djdemo$

項目目錄結構html

(venv) lee@lee:~/PycharmProjects/Djdemo/djdemo$ tree -L 2
.
├── djdemo
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── __pycache__
│   ├── settings.py
│   ├── urls.py
│   └── wsgi.py
├── field_options
│   ├── admin.py
│   ├── apps.py
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── migrations
│   ├── models.py
│   ├── __pycache__
│   ├── tests.py
│   └── views.py
├── manage.py
├── many_to_many
│   ├── admin.py
│   ├── apps.py
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── migrations
│   ├── models.py
│   ├── __pycache__
│   ├── tests.py
│   └── views.py
├── queryset_demo
│   ├── admin.py
│   ├── apps.py
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── migrations
│   ├── models.py
│   ├── __pycache__
│   ├── tests.py
│   └── views.py
└── snippets ├── admin.py ├── apps.py ├── __init__.py ├── migrations ├── models.py ├── tests.py └── views.py 13 directories, 29 files

說明：該項目是我對django進行學習和測試的一個項目結構，可能有點亂。紅色部分爲本博文使用的appsjava

安裝：python

pip install djangorestframework
pip install markdown       # Markdown support for the browsable API.
pip install django-filter  # Filtering support

在setting.py添加以下配置mysql

INSTALLED_APPS = [
　　　　　....'rest_framework',
    'snippets.apps.SnippetsConfig',
]

建立模型類--->snippets/models.py nginx

from django.db import models
from pygments.lexers import get_all_lexers
from pygments.styles import get_all_styles

LEXERS = [item for item in get_all_lexers() if item[1]]
LANGUAGE_CHOICES = sorted([(item[1][0], item[0]) for item in LEXERS])
STYLE_CHOICES = sorted((item, item) for item in get_all_styles())


class Snippet(models.Model):
    created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    title = models.CharField(max_length=100, blank=True, default='')
    code = models.TextField()
    linenos = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    language = models.CharField(choices=LANGUAGE_CHOICES, default='python', max_length=100)
    style = models.CharField(choices=STYLE_CHOICES, default='friendly', max_length=100)

    class Meta:
        ordering = ('created',)

next--執行遷移c++

python manage.py makemigrations snippets
python manage.py migrate

建立serializers.py在app目錄下那麼如今在當前目錄的結構以下objective-c

(venv) lee@lee:~/PycharmProjects/Djdemo/djdemo/snippets$ tree -L 1
.
├── admin.py
├── apps.py
├── __init__.py
├── migrations
├── models.py
├── __pycache__ ├── serializers.py
├── tests.py
└── views.py

2 directories, 7 files

在當前目錄下添加代碼

from rest_framework import serializers
# from snippets.models import Snippet, LANGUAGE_CHOICES, STYLE_CHOICES
from .models import Snippet, LANGUAGE_CHOICES, STYLE_CHOICES


class SnippetSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    id = serializers.IntegerField(read_only=True)
    title = serializers.CharField(required=False, allow_blank=True, max_length=100)
    code = serializers.CharField(style={'base_template': 'textarea.html'})
    linenos = serializers.BooleanField(required=False)
    language = serializers.ChoiceField(choices=LANGUAGE_CHOICES, default='python')
    style = serializers.ChoiceField(choices=STYLE_CHOICES, default='friendly')

    def create(self, validated_data):
        """
        Create and return a new `Snippet` instance, given the validated data.
        """
        return Snippet.objects.create(**validated_data)

    def update(self, instance, validated_data):
        """
        Update and return an existing `Snippet` instance, given the validated data.
        """
        instance.title = validated_data.get('title', instance.title)
        instance.code = validated_data.get('code', instance.code)
        instance.linenos = validated_data.get('linenos', instance.linenos)
        instance.language = validated_data.get('language', instance.language)
        instance.style = validated_data.get('style', instance.style)
        instance.save()
        return instance

注意：在導入的過程當中根據你本身當前的目錄進行導入，避免一些沒必要要的錯誤。

使用django shell 測試序列化程序

在使用shell進行測試的時候須要對模型類添加一些數據。

>>> from snippets.models import *
>>> from snippets.serializers import *
>>> from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer
>>> from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser
>>> snippet = Snippet(code='foo = "bar"\n')
>>> snippet.save()
>>> snippet = Snippet(code='print "hello, world"\n')
>>> snippet.save()

那麼在數據庫可視化工具的查看

如今咱們進行序列化的實例操做

>>> serializer = SnippetSerializer(snippet)
>>> serializer.data
{'linenos': False, 'title': '', 'language': 'python', 'style': 'friendly', 'id': 4, 'code': 'print "hello, world"\n'}

打印其類型

>>> type(serializer.data)
<class 'rest_framework.utils.serializer_helpers.ReturnDict'>

接下來將對象轉化爲json的形式。

>>> content = JSONRenderer().render(serializer.data)
>>> content
b'{"id":4,"title":"","code":"print \\"hello, world\\"\\n","linenos":false,"language":"python","style":"friendly"}'
>>> type(content)
<class 'bytes'>

反序列化

>>> from django.utils.six import BytesIO
>>> stream = BytesIO(content)
>>> stream
<_io.BytesIO object at 0x7f6f0a489ca8>
>>> data = JSONParser().parse(stream)
>>> data
{'linenos': False, 'title': '', 'language': 'python', 'style': 'friendly', 'id': 4, 'code': 'print "hello, world"\n'}
>>> type(data)
<class 'dict'>

還原對象的實例

>>> serializer = SnippetSerializer(data=data)
>>> serializer
SnippetSerializer(data={'linenos': False, 'title': '', 'language': 'python', 'style': 'friendly', 'id': 4, 'code': 'print "hello, world"\n'}):
    id = IntegerField(read_only=True)
    title = CharField(allow_blank=True, max_length=100, required=False)
    code = CharField(style={'base_template': 'textarea.html'})
    linenos = BooleanField(required=False)
    language = ChoiceField(choices=[('abap', 'ABAP'), ('abnf', 'ABNF'), ('ada', 'Ada'), ('adl', 'ADL'), ('agda', 'Agda'), ('aheui', 'Aheui'), ('ahk', 'autohotkey'), ('alloy', 'Alloy'), ('ampl', 'Ampl'), ('antlr', 'ANTLR'), ('antlr-as', 'ANTLR With ActionScript Target'), ('antlr-cpp', 'ANTLR With CPP Target'), ('antlr-csharp', 'ANTLR With C# Target'), ('antlr-java', 'ANTLR With Java Target'), ('antlr-objc', 'ANTLR With ObjectiveC Target'), ('antlr-perl', 'ANTLR With Perl Target'), ('antlr-python', 'ANTLR With Python Target'), ('antlr-ruby', 'ANTLR With Ruby Target'), ('apacheconf', 'ApacheConf'), ('apl', 'APL'), ('applescript', 'AppleScript'), ('arduino', 'Arduino'), ('as', 'ActionScript'), ('as3', 'ActionScript 3'), ('aspectj', 'AspectJ'), ('aspx-cs', 'aspx-cs'), ('aspx-vb', 'aspx-vb'), ('asy', 'Asymptote'), ('at', 'AmbientTalk'), ('autoit', 'AutoIt'), ('awk', 'Awk'), ('basemake', 'Base Makefile'), ('bash', 'Bash'), ('bat', 'Batchfile'), ('bbcode', 'BBCode'), ('bc', 'BC'), ('befunge', 'Befunge'), ('bib', 'BibTeX'), ('blitzbasic', 'BlitzBasic'), ('blitzmax', 'BlitzMax'), ('bnf', 'BNF'), ('boo', 'Boo'), ('boogie', 'Boogie'), ('brainfuck', 'Brainfuck'), ('bro', 'Bro'), ('bst', 'BST'), ('bugs', 'BUGS'), ('c', 'C'), ('c-objdump', 'c-objdump'), ('ca65', 'ca65 assembler'), ('cadl', 'cADL'), ('camkes', 'CAmkES'), ('capdl', 'CapDL'), ('capnp', "Cap'n Proto"), ('cbmbas', 'CBM BASIC V2'), ('ceylon', 'Ceylon'), ('cfc', 'Coldfusion CFC'), ('cfengine3', 'CFEngine3'), ('cfm', 'Coldfusion HTML'), ('cfs', 'cfstatement'), ('chai', 'ChaiScript'), ('chapel', 'Chapel'), ('cheetah', 'Cheetah'), ('cirru', 'Cirru'), ('clay', 'Clay'), ('clean', 'Clean'), ('clojure', 'Clojure'), ('clojurescript', 'ClojureScript'), ('cmake', 'CMake'), ('cobol', 'COBOL'), ('cobolfree', 'COBOLFree'), ('coffee-script', 'CoffeeScript'), ('common-lisp', 'Common Lisp'), ('componentpascal', 'Component Pascal'), ('console', 'Bash Session'), ('control', 'Debian Control file'), ('coq', 'Coq'), ('cpp', 'C++'), ('cpp-objdump', 'cpp-objdump'), ('cpsa', 'CPSA'), ('cr', 'Crystal'), ('crmsh', 'Crmsh'), ('croc', 'Croc'), ('cryptol', 'Cryptol'), ('csharp', 'C#'), ('csound', 'Csound Orchestra'), ('csound-document', 'Csound Document'), ('csound-score', 'Csound Score'), ('css', 'CSS'), ('css+django', 'CSS+Django/Jinja'), ('css+erb', 'CSS+Ruby'), ('css+genshitext', 'CSS+Genshi Text'), ('css+lasso', 'CSS+Lasso'), ('css+mako', 'CSS+Mako'), ('css+mozpreproc', 'CSS+mozpreproc'), ('css+myghty', 'CSS+Myghty'), ('css+php', 'CSS+PHP'), ('css+smarty', 'CSS+Smarty'), ('cucumber', 'Gherkin'), ('cuda', 'CUDA'), ('cypher', 'Cypher'), ('cython', 'Cython'), ('d', 'D'), ('d-objdump', 'd-objdump'), ('dart', 'Dart'), ('delphi', 'Delphi'), ('dg', 'dg'), ('diff', 'Diff'), ('django', 'Django/Jinja'), ('docker', 'Docker'), ('doscon', 'MSDOS Session'), ('dpatch', 'Darcs Patch'), ('dtd', 'DTD'), ('duel', 'Duel'), ('dylan', 'Dylan'), ('dylan-console', 'Dylan session'), ('dylan-lid', 'DylanLID'), ('earl-grey', 'Earl Grey'), ('easytrieve', 'Easytrieve'), ('ebnf', 'EBNF'), ('ec', 'eC'), ('ecl', 'ECL'), ('eiffel', 'Eiffel'), ('elixir', 'Elixir'), ('elm', 'Elm'), ('emacs', 'EmacsLisp'), ('erb', 'ERB'), ('erl', 'Erlang erl session'), ('erlang', 'Erlang'), ('evoque', 'Evoque'), ('extempore', 'xtlang'), ('ezhil', 'Ezhil'), ('factor', 'Factor'), ('fan', 'Fantom'), ('fancy', 'Fancy'), ('felix', 'Felix'), ('fish', 'Fish'), ('flatline', 'Flatline'), ('forth', 'Forth'), ('fortran', 'Fortran'), ('fortranfixed', 'FortranFixed'), ('foxpro', 'FoxPro'), ('fsharp', 'FSharp'), ('gap', 'GAP'), ('gas', 'GAS'), ('genshi', 'Genshi'), ('genshitext', 'Genshi Text'), ('glsl', 'GLSL'), ('gnuplot', 'Gnuplot'), ('go', 'Go'), ('golo', 'Golo'), ('gooddata-cl', 'GoodData-CL'), ('gosu', 'Gosu'), ('groff', 'Groff'), ('groovy', 'Groovy'), ('gst', 'Gosu Template'), ('haml', 'Haml'), ('handlebars', 'Handlebars'), ('haskell', 'Haskell'), ('haxeml', 'Hxml'), ('hexdump', 'Hexdump'), ('hsail', 'HSAIL'), ('html', 'HTML'), ('html+cheetah', 'HTML+Cheetah'), ('html+django', 'HTML+Django/Jinja'), ('html+evoque', 'HTML+Evoque'), ('html+genshi', 'HTML+Genshi'), ('html+handlebars', 'HTML+Handlebars'), ('html+lasso', 'HTML+Lasso'), ('html+mako', 'HTML+Mako'), ('html+myghty', 'HTML+Myghty'), ('html+ng2', 'HTML + Angular2'), ('html+php', 'HTML+PHP'), ('html+smarty', 'HTML+Smarty'), ('html+twig', 'HTML+Twig'), ('html+velocity', 'HTML+Velocity'), ('http', 'HTTP'), ('hx', 'Haxe'), ('hybris', 'Hybris'), ('hylang', 'Hy'), ('i6t', 'Inform 6 template'), ('idl', 'IDL'), ('idris', 'Idris'), ('iex', 'Elixir iex session'), ('igor', 'Igor'), ('inform6', 'Inform 6'), ('inform7', 'Inform 7'), ('ini', 'INI'), ('io', 'Io'), ('ioke', 'Ioke'), ('irc', 'IRC logs'), ('isabelle', 'Isabelle'), ('j', 'J'), ('jags', 'JAGS'), ('jasmin', 'Jasmin'), ('java', 'Java'), ('javascript+mozpreproc', 'Javascript+mozpreproc'), ('jcl', 'JCL'), ('jlcon', 'Julia console'), ('js', 'JavaScript'), ('js+cheetah', 'JavaScript+Cheetah'), ('js+django', 'JavaScript+Django/Jinja'), ('js+erb', 'JavaScript+Ruby'), ('js+genshitext', 'JavaScript+Genshi Text'), ('js+lasso', 'JavaScript+Lasso'), ('js+mako', 'JavaScript+Mako'), ('js+myghty', 'JavaScript+Myghty'), ('js+php', 'JavaScript+PHP'), ('js+smarty', 'JavaScript+Smarty'), ('jsgf', 'JSGF'), ('json', 'JSON'), ('json-object', 'JSONBareObject'), ('jsonld', 'JSON-LD'), ('jsp', 'Java Server Page'), ('julia', 'Julia'), ('juttle', 'Juttle'), ('kal', 'Kal'), ('kconfig', 'Kconfig'), ('koka', 'Koka'), ('kotlin', 'Kotlin'), ('lagda', 'Literate Agda'), ('lasso', 'Lasso'), ('lcry', 'Literate Cryptol'), ('lean', 'Lean'), ('less', 'LessCss'), ('lhs', 'Literate Haskell'), ('lidr', 'Literate Idris'), ('lighty', 'Lighttpd configuration file'), ('limbo', 'Limbo'), ('liquid', 'liquid'), ('live-script', 'LiveScript'), ('llvm', 'LLVM'), ('logos', 'Logos'), ('logtalk', 'Logtalk'), ('lsl', 'LSL'), ('lua', 'Lua'), ('make', 'Makefile'), ('mako', 'Mako'), ('maql', 'MAQL'), ('mask', 'Mask'), ('mason', 'Mason'), ('mathematica', 'Mathematica'), ('matlab', 'Matlab'), ('matlabsession', 'Matlab session'), ('md', 'markdown'), ('minid', 'MiniD'), ('modelica', 'Modelica'), ('modula2', 'Modula-2'), ('monkey', 'Monkey'), ('monte', 'Monte'), ('moocode', 'MOOCode'), ('moon', 'MoonScript'), ('mozhashpreproc', 'mozhashpreproc'), ('mozpercentpreproc', 'mozpercentpreproc'), ('mql', 'MQL'), ('mscgen', 'Mscgen'), ('mupad', 'MuPAD'), ('mxml', 'MXML'), ('myghty', 'Myghty'), ('mysql', 'MySQL'), ('nasm', 'NASM'), ('ncl', 'NCL'), ('nemerle', 'Nemerle'), ('nesc', 'nesC'), ('newlisp', 'NewLisp'), ('newspeak', 'Newspeak'), ('ng2', 'Angular2'), ('nginx', 'Nginx configuration file'), ('nim', 'Nimrod'), ('nit', 'Nit'), ('nixos', 'Nix'), ('nsis', 'NSIS'), ('numpy', 'NumPy'), ('nusmv', 'NuSMV'), ('objdump', 'objdump'), ('objdump-nasm', 'objdump-nasm'), ('objective-c', 'Objective-C'), ('objective-c++', 'Objective-C++'), ('objective-j', 'Objective-J'), ('ocaml', 'OCaml'), ('octave', 'Octave'), ('odin', 'ODIN'), ('ooc', 'Ooc'), ('opa', 'Opa'), ('openedge', 'OpenEdge ABL'), ('pacmanconf', 'PacmanConf'), ('pan', 'Pan'), ('parasail', 'ParaSail'), ('pawn', 'Pawn'), ('perl', 'Perl'), ('perl6', 'Perl6'), ('php', 'PHP'), ('pig', 'Pig'), ('pike', 'Pike'), ('pkgconfig', 'PkgConfig'), ('plpgsql', 'PL/pgSQL'), ('postgresql', 'PostgreSQL SQL dialect'), ('postscript', 'PostScript'), ('pot', 'Gettext Catalog'), ('pov', 'POVRay'), ('powershell', 'PowerShell'), ('praat', 'Praat'), ('prolog', 'Prolog'), ('properties', 'Properties'), ('protobuf', 'Protocol Buffer'), ('ps1con', 'PowerShell Session'), ('psql', 'PostgreSQL console (psql)'), ('pug', 'Pug'), ('puppet', 'Puppet'), ('py3tb', 'Python 3.0 Traceback'), ('pycon', 'Python console session'), ('pypylog', 'PyPy Log'), ('pytb', 'Python Traceback'), ('python', 'Python'), ('python3', 'Python 3'), ('qbasic', 'QBasic'), ('qml', 'QML'), ('qvto', 'QVTO'), ('racket', 'Racket'), ('ragel', 'Ragel'), ('ragel-c', 'Ragel in C Host'), ('ragel-cpp', 'Ragel in CPP Host'), ('ragel-d', 'Ragel in D Host'), ('ragel-em', 'Embedded Ragel'), ('ragel-java', 'Ragel in Java Host'), ('ragel-objc', 'Ragel in Objective C Host'), ('ragel-ruby', 'Ragel in Ruby Host'), ('raw', 'Raw token data'), ('rb', 'Ruby'), ('rbcon', 'Ruby irb session'), ('rconsole', 'RConsole'), ('rd', 'Rd'), ('rebol', 'REBOL'), ('red', 'Red'), ('redcode', 'Redcode'), ('registry', 'reg'), ('resource', 'ResourceBundle'), ('rexx', 'Rexx'), ('rhtml', 'RHTML'), ('rnc', 'Relax-NG Compact'), ('roboconf-graph', 'Roboconf Graph'), ('roboconf-instances', 'Roboconf Instances'), ('robotframework', 'RobotFramework'), ('rql', 'RQL'), ('rsl', 'RSL'), ('rst', 'reStructuredText'), ('rts', 'TrafficScript'), ('rust', 'Rust'), ('sas', 'SAS'), ('sass', 'Sass'), ('sc', 'SuperCollider'), ('scala', 'Scala'), ('scaml', 'Scaml'), ('scheme', 'Scheme'), ('scilab', 'Scilab'), ('scss', 'SCSS'), ('shen', 'Shen'), ('silver', 'Silver'), ('slim', 'Slim'), ('smali', 'Smali'), ('smalltalk', 'Smalltalk'), ('smarty', 'Smarty'), ('sml', 'Standard ML'), ('snobol', 'Snobol'), ('snowball', 'Snowball'), ('sourceslist', 'Debian Sourcelist'), ('sp', 'SourcePawn'), ('sparql', 'SPARQL'), ('spec', 'RPMSpec'), ('splus', 'S'), ('sql', 'SQL'), ('sqlite3', 'sqlite3con'), ('squidconf', 'SquidConf'), ('ssp', 'Scalate Server Page'), ('stan', 'Stan'), ('stata', 'Stata'), ('swift', 'Swift'), ('swig', 'SWIG'), ('systemverilog', 'systemverilog'), ('tads3', 'TADS 3'), ('tap', 'TAP'), ('tasm', 'TASM'), ('tcl', 'Tcl'), ('tcsh', 'Tcsh'), ('tcshcon', 'Tcsh Session'), ('tea', 'Tea'), ('termcap', 'Termcap'), ('terminfo', 'Terminfo'), ('terraform', 'Terraform'), ('tex', 'TeX'), ('text', 'Text only'), ('thrift', 'Thrift'), ('todotxt', 'Todotxt'), ('trac-wiki', 'MoinMoin/Trac Wiki markup'), ('treetop', 'Treetop'), ('ts', 'TypeScript'), ('tsql', 'Transact-SQL'), ('turtle', 'Turtle'), ('twig', 'Twig'), ('typoscript', 'TypoScript'), ('typoscriptcssdata', 'TypoScriptCssData'), ('typoscripthtmldata', 'TypoScriptHtmlData'), ('urbiscript', 'UrbiScript'), ('vala', 'Vala'), ('vb.net', 'VB.net'), ('vcl', 'VCL'), ('vclsnippets', 'VCLSnippets'), ('vctreestatus', 'VCTreeStatus'), ('velocity', 'Velocity'), ('verilog', 'verilog'), ('vgl', 'VGL'), ('vhdl', 'vhdl'), ('vim', 'VimL'), ('wdiff', 'WDiff'), ('whiley', 'Whiley'), ('x10', 'X10'), ('xml', 'XML'), ('xml+cheetah', 'XML+Cheetah'), ('xml+django', 'XML+Django/Jinja'), ('xml+erb', 'XML+Ruby'), ('xml+evoque', 'XML+Evoque'), ('xml+lasso', 'XML+Lasso'), ('xml+mako', 'XML+Mako'), ('xml+myghty', 'XML+Myghty'), ('xml+php', 'XML+PHP'), ('xml+smarty', 'XML+Smarty'), ('xml+velocity', 'XML+Velocity'), ('xquery', 'XQuery'), ('xslt', 'XSLT'), ('xtend', 'Xtend'), ('xul+mozpreproc', 'XUL+mozpreproc'), ('yaml', 'YAML'), ('yaml+jinja', 'YAML+Jinja'), ('zephir', 'Zephir')], default='python')
    style = ChoiceField(choices=[('abap', 'abap'), ('algol', 'algol'), ('algol_nu', 'algol_nu'), ('arduino', 'arduino'), ('autumn', 'autumn'), ('borland', 'borland'), ('bw', 'bw'), ('colorful', 'colorful'), ('default', 'default'), ('emacs', 'emacs'), ('friendly', 'friendly'), ('fruity', 'fruity'), ('igor', 'igor'), ('lovelace', 'lovelace'), ('manni', 'manni'), ('monokai', 'monokai'), ('murphy', 'murphy'), ('native', 'native'), ('paraiso-dark', 'paraiso-dark'), ('paraiso-light', 'paraiso-light'), ('pastie', 'pastie'), ('perldoc', 'perldoc'), ('rainbow_dash', 'rainbow_dash'), ('rrt', 'rrt'), ('tango', 'tango'), ('trac', 'trac'), ('vim', 'vim'), ('vs', 'vs'), ('xcode', 'xcode')], default='friendly')
>>> serializer.is_valid()
True
>>> serializer.validated_data
OrderedDict([('title', ''), ('code', 'print "hello, world"'), ('linenos', False), ('language', 'python'), ('style', 'friendly')])
>>> serializer.save()
<Snippet: Snippet object (5)>

此時咱們在檢查咱們的數據庫文件

須要注意的是在對數據序列化的同時咱們不只能夠將model類進行序列化，還能夠對queryset進行序列化，當咱們對查詢集進行序列化的時候，須要添加一個參數many =True

實例

>>> Snippet.objects.all()
<QuerySet [<Snippet: Snippet object (3)>, <Snippet: Snippet object (4)>, <Snippet: Snippet object (5)>]>
>>> serializer = SnippetSerializer(Snippet.objects.all(), many=True)
>>> serializer
SnippetSerializer(<QuerySet [<Snippet: Snippet object (3)>, <Snippet: Snippet object (4)>, <Snippet: Snippet object (5)>]>, many=True):
    id = IntegerField(read_only=True)
    title = CharField(allow_blank=True, max_length=100, required=False)
    code = CharField(style={'base_template': 'textarea.html'})
    linenos = BooleanField(required=False)
　  language = ChoiceField(choices=....
    style = ChoiceField(choices=...

其實在上面的過程當中只是像你們展現整個序列化的一個過程。而其中最重要的是接下來的使用ModelSerializers進行序列化

在serializers.py中添加如下內容將以前的代碼進行替換

class SnippetSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Snippet
        fields = ('id', 'title', 'code', 'linenos', 'language', 'style')

注意：在上面的替換內容中咱們是繼承了serializers.ModelSerializer類繼承自該類的主要的做用就是將咱們的代碼更加的簡潔，更加的方便

一樣的方式在django中的shell模式進行測試

>>> from snippets.serializers import SnippetSerializer
>>> serializer = SnippetSerializer()
>>> print(repr(serializer))
SnippetSerializer():
    id = IntegerField(read_only=True)
    title = CharField(allow_blank=True, max_length=100, required=False)
    code = CharField(style={'base_template': 'textarea.html'})
    linenos = BooleanField(required=False)
    language = ChoiceField(choices=....
    style = ChoiceField(choices=...

和以前的相比較咱們獲得的結果是相同的可是相對代碼量來講咱們比以前的代碼更加的簡潔，代碼量更少了。

在應用目錄下的views.py下編輯以下代碼

from django.shortcuts import render

# Create your views here.
from django.http import HttpResponse, JsonResponse
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer
from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser
from .models import Snippet
from .serializers import SnippetSerializer

@csrf_exempt
def snippet_list(request):
    """
    List all code snippets, or create a new snippet.
    """
    if request.method == 'GET':
        snippets = Snippet.objects.all()
        serializer = SnippetSerializer(snippets, many=True)
        return JsonResponse(serializer.data, safe=False)

    elif request.method == 'POST':
        data = JSONParser().parse(request) # 反序列化操做
        serializer = SnippetSerializer(data=data) 
        if serializer.is_valid(): # 判斷是否有數據若是存在
            serializer.save() # 保存在數據庫中
            return JsonResponse(serializer.data, status=201)
        return JsonResponse(serializer.errors, status=400)

@csrf_exempt
def snippet_detail(request, pk):
    """
    Retrieve, update or delete a code snippet.
    """
    try:
        snippet = Snippet.objects.get(pk=pk)
    except Snippet.DoesNotExist:
        return HttpResponse(status=404)

    if request.method == 'GET':
        serializer = SnippetSerializer(snippet)
        return JsonResponse(serializer.data)

    elif request.method == 'PUT':
        data = JSONParser().parse(request)
        serializer = SnippetSerializer(snippet, data=data)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()
            return JsonResponse(serializer.data)
        return JsonResponse(serializer.errors, status=400)

    elif request.method == 'DELETE':
        snippet.delete()
        return HttpResponse(status=204)

建立snippets/urls.py文件

from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^snippets/$', views.snippet_list),
    url(r'^snippets/(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/$', views.snippet_detail),
]

根目錄下的urls.py文件

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^', include(router.urls)),
    url(r'^', include('snippets.urls')),
    url(r'^api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls', namespace='rest_framework'))
]

接下來就是測試在測試的過程當中咱們有兩種方式

瀏覽器測試

python manage.py runserver

Validating models...

0 errors found
Django version 1.11, using settings 'tutorial.settings'
Development server is running at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CONTROL-C.

如圖所示

pip install httpie

使用終端進行測試

(venv) lee@lee:~/PycharmProjects/Djdemo$ http http://127.0.0.1:8000/snippets/
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Length: 352
Content-Type: application/json
Date: Sat, 04 Aug 2018 14:47:57 GMT
Server: WSGIServer/0.2 CPython/3.5.2
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN

[
    {
        "code": "foo = \"bar\"\n",
        "id": 3,
        "language": "python",
        "linenos": false,
        "style": "friendly",
        "title": ""
    },
    {
        "code": "print \"hello, world\"\n",
        "id": 4,
        "language": "python",
        "linenos": false,
        "style": "friendly",
        "title": ""
    },
    {
        "code": "print \"hello, world\"",
        "id": 5,
        "language": "python",
        "linenos": false,
        "style": "friendly",
        "title": ""
    }
]

(venv) lee@lee:~/PycharmProjects/Djdemo$

最終咱們查詢當前的一個目錄結構

lee@lee:~/PycharmProjects/Djdemo/djdemo/snippets$ tree -L 1
.
├── admin.py
├── apps.py
├── __init__.py
├── migrations
├── models.py
├── __pycache__
├── serializers.py
├── tests.py
├── urls.py
└── views.py

2 directories, 8 files
lee@lee:~/PycharmProjects/Djdemo/djdemo/snippets$

相關標籤/搜索

每日一句

每一个你不满意的现在，都有一个你没有努力的曾经。