歷練中前行

時間 2019-11-11

標籤歷練前行简体版

原文原文鏈接

一、自建yum倉庫，分別爲網絡源和本地源html

在centos7安裝yum源：node

（1）本地自建yum倉庫：首先須要啓動神奇目錄ls /misc/cd，用來掛載光盤，linux

一、安裝autofs軟件，並啓動。apache

二、 [root@centos7-2 ~]# yum install autofs 安裝autofsvim

三、 [root@centos7-2 ~]# systemctl start autofs 啓動autofscentos

四、 [root@centos7-2 ~]# systemctl enable autofs 下次開機啓動autofsbash

五、 [root@centos7-2 yum.repos.d]# rm -rf repo.* 刪除yum源多餘的文件網絡

[root@centos7-2 yum.repos.d]#vim development.repo  建立Yum倉庫

[development]
baseurl=file:///misc/cd
#gpgcheck=0
gpgcheck=file:///misc/cd/RPM-GPG-KEY-CenstOS-7
enable=1

六、yum repolist 加載當前的yum源倉庫　app

（2）光盤掛載到httpd服務上的yum源倉庫ide

一、[root@centos7-2 yum.repos.d]#mkdir -pv /var/www/html/centos/6/os/x86_64/ 新建一個相似光盤的路徑目錄

二、[root@centos7-2 yum.repos.d]#yum install httpd -y 安裝httpd服務

三、[root@centos7-2 yum.repos.d]#systemctl start httpd 啓動httpd服務

四、[root@centos7-2 yum.repos.d]#mount /dev/sr0 /var/www/html/centos/6/os/x86_64 將本地光盤掛載到httpd網上

[root@centos7-2 yum.repos.d]#vim   base.repo  開始建立yum倉庫
[base]
baseurl=http://192.168.34.101/CentOS/$releasever/os/$basearch
gpgcheck= 0
enable=1

五、 yum repolist 加載當前的Yum源倉庫

　（3）　建立網絡yum源倉庫（ELPL源）：

一、[root@centos7-2 yum.repos.d]#cd /etc/yum.repos.d/

直接在阿里官網找到elpl源倉庫，將repodata上級全部目錄都複製出來，放到baseurl指定的目錄便可：

[root@centos7-2 yum.repos.d]#vim elpl.repo

[elpl]
baseurl= https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/$releasever/x86_64
gpgcheck=0
enable=1

　二、yum repolist 加載當前的yum源倉庫　

二、編譯安裝http2.4，實現能夠正常訪問，並將編譯步驟和結果提交。

1、下載httpd源碼包

在官網上下載httpd源碼包http://httpd.apache.org，也能夠在linux中輸入rpm -qi httpd查看到當前下載源碼httpd的網址

下載到linux的data目錄下，而後進行解壓：

 
         [root@ansibledata] 
         #rz 
        
         [root@ansibledata] 
         #tar xf httpd-2.4.39

注意：必定要在解壓後的httpd目錄下安裝，下面的編譯須要用到httdp目錄下的腳本，因此我用cd httpd把目錄切換到httpd中去進入cd httpd-2.4.27/

2、查看INSTALL、README 這些幫助信息

查詢 cat INSTALL，裏邊有簡單的安裝過程，和一些例子

查詢 cat README，（what is it ?）裏邊有一些Apache 的功能介紹

3、configure腳本（檢測當前編譯環境）

（1）./configure --help 查詢這個腳本的用法，

--prefix=PREFIX 指定默認安裝總目錄, 默認爲/usr/local/

--sysconfdir=/PATH 配置文件安裝位置，默認就安裝到指定安裝總目錄的下面

Optional Features: 須要什麼功能

--disable-FEATURE 關閉某些功能

--enable-FEATURE 開啓某些功能

下面咱們就來執行這個腳本，添加一些簡單的設置

手工建立帳號：

 
         [root@ansiblehttpd-2.4.39] 
         #useradd -r -u 80 -d /var/www  -s /sbin/nologin httpd

（1）首先安裝development-tools包，由於沒有C編譯工具，缺乏gcc，這時候，咱們須要下一個包組development tools

yum -y groupinstall "Development Tools"

 
         [root@ansiblehttpd-2.4.39] 
         #yum groupinstall "development tools"

（2）首次安裝包，會有一些提示錯誤，第一次安裝沒有一些準備好的包，能夠根據提示錯誤進行安裝：

 
         [root@ansiblehttpd-2.4.39] 
         #./configure  --prefix=/app/httpd --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd24 --enable-ssl --disable-status

（3）咱們只需按照提示的錯誤，把須要的都安裝上去（直到沒有提示錯誤）

先查詢缺乏的 yum search apr-devel（通常關於開發的都叫 devel）

再安裝 yum -y install apr-devel

 
         [root@ansiblehttpd-2.4.39] 
         #yum install apr-devel

（4）此時缺乏apr-util包，按照提示錯誤來進行下一步安裝：

 
         [root@ansiblehttpd-2.4.39] 
         #yum install apr-util-devel

 
         [root@ansiblehttpd-2.4.39] 
         #./configure  --prefix=/app/httpd --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd24 --enable-ssl --disable-status

（5）根據提示錯誤繼續往下安裝，此時缺乏pcre包，安裝pcre-devel包

 
         [root@ansiblehttpd-2.4.39] 
         #yum install pcre-devel

　繼續執行指定路徑的包安裝

 
         [root@ansiblehttpd-2.4.39] 
         #./configure  --prefix=/app/httpd --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd24 --enable-ssl --disable-status

（6）根據提示的錯誤，安裝openssl-devel包：

 
         [root@ansiblehttpd-2.4.39] 
         #yum install openssl-devel

（7）再執行指定路徑的包安裝，此時就已經完成指定路徑包的安裝。

 
         [root@ansiblehttpd-2.4.39] 
         #./configure  --prefix=/app/httpd --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd24 --enable-ssl --disable-status

（8）configure腳本徹底執行成功（多了一個Makefile）沒有Makefile

4、make和make install編譯

（1）進行make編譯，make 編譯後，多了不少.o .lo 文件（二進制文件）,在此以前的工做，任何用戶都能作，而且都在httpd-2.4.27 這個目錄下進行

 
         [root@ansiblehttpd-2.4.39] 
         #make

（2）make install 安裝到指定位置，只有root 能作，此時httpd的編譯完成。

 
         [root@ansiblehttpd] 
         #make install

（3）切換到/app/httpd/bin執行程序目錄下，此時去執行服務啓動，都必須是./apachectl start，不太方便，咱們能夠指定變量路徑

 
         [root@ansiblehttpd] 
         #cd /app/httpd/bin 
        
         [root@ansiblebin] 
         #pwd 
        
         /app/httpd/bin 
        
         [root@ansiblebin] 
         #echo 'PATH=/app/httpd/bin:$PATH'  > /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh 定義一個/app/httpd/bin的配置文件路徑 
        
         [root@ansiblebin] 
         #apachectl start   啓動當前編譯的httpd服務

此時在網上輸入本機的IP地址就能夠訪問信息：

5、安裝後的配置

導入幫助手冊man

　　vim /etc/man_db.conf

　　加入一行 MANDATORY_MANPATH /app/httpd/man

三、建立一個2G的文件系統，塊大小爲2048byte，預留1%可用空間,文件系統 ext4，卷標爲TEST，要求此分區開機後自動掛載至/test目錄，且默認有acl掛載選項

（1）先在/dev/sdb磁盤上建立一個2G的分區

[root@centos6~]#fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xef64b475.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): m
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 26108 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xef64b475

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-26108, default 1): 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-26108, default 26108): +2G  

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

查看此時的/dev/sdb的分區大小是2G

[root@centos6~]#lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0     11:0    1  3.7G  0 rom  
sda      8:0    0  200G  0 disk 
├─sda1   8:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
├─sda2   8:2    0 97.7G  0 part /
├─sda3   8:3    0 48.8G  0 part /data
├─sda4   8:4    0    1K  0 part 
└─sda5   8:5    0    2G  0 part [SWAP]
sdb      8:16   0  200G  0 disk 
└─sdb1   8:17   0 15.7M  0 part

（2）指定磁盤空間及系統標記：塊大小爲2048byte，預留1%可用空間,文件系統 ext4，卷標爲TEST

[root@centos6~]#mkfs.ext4 -b 2048 -L "TEST" -m 1 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=TEST
OS type: Linux
Block size=2048 (log=1)
Fragment size=2048 (log=1)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
131560 inodes, 1052240 blocks
10522 blocks (1.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=538968064
65 block groups
16384 blocks per group, 16384 fragments per group
2024 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
	16384, 49152, 81920, 114688, 147456, 409600, 442368, 802816

Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 22 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

查看指定後的分區信息：

lsblk /dev/sdb1　

[root@centos6~]#blkid /dev/sdb1
/dev/sdb1: LABEL="TEST" UUID="9250f7d0-977b-4c0b-bba8-7dfca23c3dcd" TYPE="ext4"

查看文件系統的ACL功能：

tune2fs -l /dev/sdb1

[root@centos6~]#tune2fs -l  /dev/sdb1
tune2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem volume name:   TEST
Last mounted on:          <not available>
Filesystem UUID:          9250f7d0-977b-4c0b-bba8-7dfca23c3dcd
Filesystem magic number:  0xEF53
Filesystem revision #:    1 (dynamic)
Filesystem features:      has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype extent flex_bg sparse_super huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink extra_isize
Filesystem flags:         signed_directory_hash 
Default mount options: acl
Filesystem state:         clean
Errors behavior:          Continue
Filesystem OS type:       Linux
Inode count:              131560
Block count:              1052240
Reserved block count:     10522
Free blocks:              998252
Free inodes:              131549
First block:              0
Block size:               2048
Fragment size:            2048
Reserved GDT blocks:      512
Blocks per group:         16384
Fragments per group:      16384
Inodes per group:         2024
Inode blocks per group:   253
Flex block group size:    16
Filesystem created:       Sun Nov 10 09:17:32 2019
Last mount time:          n/a
Last write time:          Sun Nov 10 09:21:25 2019
Mount count:              0
Maximum mount count:      22
Last checked:             Sun Nov 10 09:17:32 2019
Check interval:           15552000 (6 months)
Next check after:         Fri May  8 09:17:32 2020
Lifetime writes:          97 MB
Reserved blocks uid:      0 (user root)
Reserved blocks gid:      0 (group root)
First inode:              11
Inode size:	          256
Required extra isize:     28
Desired extra isize:      28
Journal inode:            8
Default directory hash:   half_md4
Directory Hash Seed:      840447d7-3f85-4ff3-bec5-89fb0e95a853
Journal backup:           inode block

（3）開機掛載/dev/sdb1磁盤：

vim /dev/fstab 將文件UUID寫入到配置文件中便可：

[root@centos6~]#cat /etc/fstab

#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Thu Aug 22 15:06:16 2019
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=26a9ab70-c62f-471f-bdf2-bb38c350526a /                       ext4    defaults        1 1
UUID=e1f6dde3-d380-4e79-80cc-b41fbf93f404 /boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2
UUID=7f570fd9-b234-46a1-9bc5-c8cf3942d9ca /data                   ext4    defaults        1 2
UUID=be5f6d9c-1887-4895-ac3f-c795f2eaafac swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
UUID=9250f7d0-977b-4c0b-bba8-7dfca23c3dcd /mnt/sdb1               ext4    defaults        0 0

四、建立一個至少有兩個PV組成的大小爲20G的名爲testvg的VG;要求PE大小爲16MB, 然後在卷組中建立大小爲5G的邏輯卷testlv;掛載至/users目錄

　（1）虛擬機上安上兩個10G的虛擬硬盤，而後組合PV物理組：

[root@ansiblehttpd]#pvcreate /dev/{sdc,sdd}
  Physical volume "/dev/sdc" successfully created.
  Physical volume "/dev/sdd" successfully created.

　（2）建立PE爲16MB的VG組

[root@ansiblehttpd]#vgcreate -s 16m vg0 /dev/sd{c,d} 
  Volume group "vg0" successfully created

　（3）將卷組建立成5G邏輯卷

[root@ansiblehttpd]#lvcreate -n testly  -L 5G vg0
  Logical Volume "testly" already exists in volume group "vg0"

　（4）格式化當前的卷組

[root@ansiblehttpd]#mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg0/testly
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=1024 (log=0)
Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
16384 inodes, 65536 blocks
3276 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=33685504
8 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
2048 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
	8193, 24577, 40961, 57345

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (4096 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

查看當前的卷組信息：

[root@ansible~]#pvdisplay
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sdc
  VG Name               vg0
  PV Size               10.00 GiB / not usable 16.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes 
  PE Size               16.00 MiB
  Total PE              639
  Free PE               635
  Allocated PE          4
  PV UUID               AYecKo-37eD-N6sC-jL33-kCrb-ACAV-ez47oc
   
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sdd
  VG Name               vg0
  PV Size               10.00 GiB / not usable 16.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes 
  PE Size               16.00 MiB
  Total PE              639
  Free PE               639
  Allocated PE          0
  PV UUID               JMGIQr-CS6e-XpUb-1MNu-J4fW-faeW-twAMni

（5）掛載卷組

[root@ansiblehttpd]#mount /dev/vg0/testly /users

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