java項目構建工具Maven

時間  2019-11-21
標籤 java 項目 構建 工具 maven 欄目 Java 简体版
原文   原文鏈接

1、java-maven經常使用命令

mvn archetype：create 建立Maven項目
mvn compile 編譯源代碼
mvn deploy 發佈項目
mvn test-compile 編譯測試源代碼
mvn test 運行應用程序中的單元測試
mvn site 生成項目相關信息的網站
mvn clean 清除項目目錄中的生成結果
mvn package 根據項目生成的jar
mvn install 在本地Repository中安裝jar
mvn eclipse:eclipse 生成eclipse項目文件
mvnjetty:run 啓動jetty服務
mvntomcat:run 啓動tomcat服務

2、利用java-maven建立一個最簡單的Hello World項目。

一、編寫pom文件java

首先建立一個名爲hello-world的文件夾，打開該文件夾，新建一個名爲pom.xml的文件，輸入其內容如代碼以下：apache

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" 
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"> 
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> 
    <groupId>com.juvenxu.mvnbook</groupId> 
    <artifactId>hello-world</artifactId> 
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> 
    <name>Maven Hello World Project</name> 
    <dependencies> 
        <dependency> 
            <groupId>junit</groupId> 
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId> 
            <version>4.7</version> 
            <scope>test</scope> 
        </dependency> 
    </dependencies> 
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin> 
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> 
                <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId> 
                <version>1.2.1</version> 
                <executions> 
                    <execution> 
                        <phase>package</phase> 
                        <goals> 
                            <goal>shade</goal> 
                        </goals> 
                        <configuration> 
                            <transformers> 
                                <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer"> 
                                    <mainClass>com.juvenxu.mvnbook.helloworld.HelloWorld</mainClass> 
                                </transformer> 
                            </transformers> 
                        </configuration> 
                    </execution> 
                </executions> 
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

二、編寫主代碼tomcat

默認狀況下，Maven假設項目主代碼位於src/main/java目錄，咱們遵循Maven的約定，建立該目錄，而後在該目錄下建立文件com/juvenxu/mvnbook/helloworld/HelloWorld.java，其內容以下dom

package com.juvenxu.mvnbook.helloworld; 

public class HelloWorld {
    public String sayHello() {
        return "Hello Maven"; 
    } 

    public static void main(String[] args) { 
        System.out.print( new HelloWorld().sayHello()); 
    }
}

這是一個簡單的Java類，它有一個sayHello()方法，返回一個String。同時這個類還帶有一個main方法，建立一個HelloWorld實例，調用sayHello()方法，並將結果輸出到控制檯。eclipse

在項目根目錄下運行命令 mvn clean compile ，咱們會獲得以下輸出maven

[root@wangmaster hello-world]# mvn clean compile
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] 
[INFO] ------------------< com.juvenxu.mvnbook:hello-world >-------------------
[INFO] Building Maven Hello World Project 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ hello-world ---
[INFO] Deleting /opt/project/maven/hello-world/target
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ hello-world ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /opt/project/maven/hello-world/src/main/resources
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ hello-world ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding UTF-8, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to /opt/project/maven/hello-world/target/classes
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 3.659 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2018-06-13T05:44:12+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

三、編寫測試代碼 單元測試

Maven項目中默認的主代碼目錄是src/main/java，對應地，Maven項目中默認的測試代碼目錄是src/test/java。所以，在編寫測試用例以前，咱們先建立該目錄。測試

在該目錄下添加HelloWorldTest.java文件，內容以下網站

package com.juvenxu.mvnbook.helloworld; 
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals; 
import org.junit.Test; 

public class HelloWorldTest {
    
    @Test 
    public void testSayHello() { 
        HelloWorld helloWorld = new HelloWorld();
        String result = helloWorld.sayHello(); 

        assertEquals( "Hello Maven", result ); 
    } 
}

測試用例編寫完畢以後就能夠調用Maven執行測試，運行 mvn clean test ：ui

[root@wangmaster hello-world]# mvn clean test
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] 
[INFO] ------------------< com.juvenxu.mvnbook:hello-world >-------------------
[INFO] Building Maven Hello World Project 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ hello-world ---
[INFO] Deleting /opt/project/maven/hello-world/target
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ hello-world ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /opt/project/maven/hello-world/src/main/resources
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ hello-world ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding UTF-8, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to /opt/project/maven/hello-world/target/classes
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ hello-world ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /opt/project/maven/hello-world/src/test/resources
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ hello-world ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding UTF-8, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to /opt/project/maven/hello-world/target/test-classes
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ hello-world ---
[INFO] Surefire report directory: /opt/project/maven/hello-world/target/surefire-reports

-------------------------------------------------------
 T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------
Running com.juvenxu.mvnbook.helloworld.HelloWorldTest
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.212 sec

Results :

Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 5.599 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2018-06-13T05:44:24+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

四、打包及運行

Hello World的POM中沒有指定打包類型，使用默認打包類型jar，咱們能夠簡單地執行命令 mvn clean package 進行打包。

[root@wangmaster hello-world]# mvn clean package
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] 
[INFO] ------------------< com.juvenxu.mvnbook:hello-world >-------------------
[INFO] Building Maven Hello World Project 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-shade-plugin/1.2.1/maven-shade-plugin-1.2.1.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-shade-plugin/1.2.1/maven-shade-plugin-1.2.1.pom (5.8 kB at 1.9 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-plugins/13/maven-plugins-13.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-plugins/13/maven-plugins-13.pom (12 kB at 18 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-shade-plugin/1.2.1/maven-shade-plugin-1.2.1.jar
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-shade-plugin/1.2.1/maven-shade-plugin-1.2.1.jar (68 kB at 63 kB/s)
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ hello-world ---
[INFO] Deleting /opt/project/maven/hello-world/target
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ hello-world ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /opt/project/maven/hello-world/src/main/resources
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ hello-world ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding UTF-8, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to /opt/project/maven/hello-world/target/classes
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ hello-world ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /opt/project/maven/hello-world/src/test/resources
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ hello-world ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding UTF-8, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to /opt/project/maven/hello-world/target/test-classes
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ hello-world ---
[INFO] Surefire report directory: /opt/project/maven/hello-world/target/surefire-reports

-------------------------------------------------------
 T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------
Running com.juvenxu.mvnbook.helloworld.HelloWorldTest
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.142 sec

Results :

Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0

[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ hello-world ---
[INFO] Building jar: /opt/project/maven/hello-world/target/hello-world-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-shade-plugin:1.2.1:shade (default) @ hello-world ---
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/asm/asm/3.1/asm-3.1.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/asm/asm/3.1/asm-3.1.pom (278 B at 515 B/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/asm/asm-parent/3.1/asm-parent-3.1.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/asm/asm-parent/3.1/asm-parent-3.1.pom (4.2 kB at 8.4 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/asm/asm-commons/3.1/asm-commons-3.1.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/asm/asm-commons/3.1/asm-commons-3.1.pom (436 B at 807 B/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/asm/asm-tree/3.1/asm-tree-3.1.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/asm/asm-tree/3.1/asm-tree-3.1.pom (425 B at 863 B/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/jdom/jdom/1.0/jdom-1.0.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/jdom/jdom/1.0/jdom-1.0.pom (1.2 kB at 2.2 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/shared/maven-dependency-tree/1.1/maven-dependency-tree-1.1.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/shared/maven-dependency-tree/1.1/maven-dependency-tree-1.1.pom (2.9 kB at 5.2 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/shared/maven-shared-components/8/maven-shared-components-8.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/shared/maven-shared-components/8/maven-shared-components-8.pom (2.7 kB at 4.7 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/maven-parent/7/maven-parent-7.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/maven-parent/7/maven-parent-7.pom (21 kB at 31 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/maven-project/2.0.8/maven-project-2.0.8.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/maven-project/2.0.8/maven-project-2.0.8.pom (2.7 kB at 4.8 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/maven/2.0.8/maven-2.0.8.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/maven/2.0.8/maven-2.0.8.pom (12 kB at 19 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/maven-parent/6/maven-parent-6.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/maven-parent/6/maven-parent-6.pom (20 kB at 28 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/maven-settings/2.0.8/maven-settings-2.0.8.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/maven-settings/2.0.8/maven-settings-2.0.8.pom (2.1 kB at 3.5 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/maven-model/2.0.8/maven-model-2.0.8.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/maven-model/2.0.8/maven-model-2.0.8.pom (3.1 kB at 5.5 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-utils/1.4.6/plexus-utils-1.4.6.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-utils/1.4.6/plexus-utils-1.4.6.pom (2.3 kB at 4.0 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/maven-profile/2.0.8/maven-profile-2.0.8.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/maven-profile/2.0.8/maven-profile-2.0.8.pom (2.0 kB at 4.2 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/maven-artifact-manager/2.0.8/maven-artifact-manager-2.0.8.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/maven-artifact-manager/2.0.8/maven-artifact-manager-2.0.8.pom (2.7 kB at 5.3 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/maven-repository-metadata/2.0.8/maven-repository-metadata-2.0.8.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/maven-repository-metadata/2.0.8/maven-repository-metadata-2.0.8.pom (1.9 kB at 4.3 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/maven-artifact/2.0.8/maven-artifact-2.0.8.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/maven-artifact/2.0.8/maven-artifact-2.0.8.pom (1.6 kB at 2.8 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/maven-plugin-registry/2.0.8/maven-plugin-registry-2.0.8.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/maven-plugin-registry/2.0.8/maven-plugin-registry-2.0.8.pom (2.0 kB at 4.2 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-utils/1.5.5/plexus-utils-1.5.5.jar
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/asm/asm/3.1/asm-3.1.jar
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/asm/asm-commons/3.1/asm-commons-3.1.jar
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/asm/asm-tree/3.1/asm-tree-3.1.jar
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/jdom/jdom/1.0/jdom-1.0.jar
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/asm/asm/3.1/asm-3.1.jar (43 kB at 38 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/shared/maven-dependency-tree/1.1/maven-dependency-tree-1.1.jar
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/asm/asm-tree/3.1/asm-tree-3.1.jar (22 kB at 13 kB/s)
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/asm/asm-commons/3.1/asm-commons-3.1.jar (33 kB at 14 kB/s)
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/shared/maven-dependency-tree/1.1/maven-dependency-tree-1.1.jar (34 kB at 15 kB/s)
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/jdom/jdom/1.0/jdom-1.0.jar (153 kB at 57 kB/s)
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-utils/1.5.5/plexus-utils-1.5.5.jar (251 kB at 75 kB/s)
[INFO] Replacing original artifact with shaded artifact.
[INFO] Replacing /opt/project/maven/hello-world/target/hello-world-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar with /opt/project/maven/hello-world/target/hello-world-1.0-SNAPSHOT-shaded.jar
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 25.081 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2018-06-13T05:45:01+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

咱們還須要一個安裝的步驟，執行 mvn clean install：

[root@wangmaster hello-world]# mvn clean install
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] 
[INFO] ------------------< com.juvenxu.mvnbook:hello-world >-------------------
[INFO] Building Maven Hello World Project 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ hello-world ---
[INFO] Deleting /opt/project/maven/hello-world/target
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ hello-world ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /opt/project/maven/hello-world/src/main/resources
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ hello-world ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding UTF-8, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to /opt/project/maven/hello-world/target/classes
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ hello-world ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /opt/project/maven/hello-world/src/test/resources
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ hello-world ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding UTF-8, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to /opt/project/maven/hello-world/target/test-classes
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ hello-world ---
[INFO] Surefire report directory: /opt/project/maven/hello-world/target/surefire-reports

-------------------------------------------------------
 T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------
Running com.juvenxu.mvnbook.helloworld.HelloWorldTest
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.171 sec

Results :

Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0

[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ hello-world ---
[INFO] Building jar: /opt/project/maven/hello-world/target/hello-world-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-shade-plugin:1.2.1:shade (default) @ hello-world ---
[INFO] Replacing original artifact with shaded artifact.
[INFO] Replacing /opt/project/maven/hello-world/target/hello-world-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar with /opt/project/maven/hello-world/target/hello-world-1.0-SNAPSHOT-shaded.jar
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-install-plugin:2.4:install (default-install) @ hello-world ---
[INFO] Installing /opt/project/maven/hello-world/target/hello-world-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar to /root/.m2/repository/com/juvenxu/mvnbook/hello-world/1.0-SNAPSHOT/hello-world-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO] Installing /opt/project/maven/hello-world/pom.xml to /root/.m2/repository/com/juvenxu/mvnbook/hello-world/1.0-SNAPSHOT/hello-world-1.0-SNAPSHOT.pom
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 5.932 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2018-06-13T05:45:13+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

如今，咱們在項目根目錄中執行該jar文件：

[root@wangmaster hello-world]# java -jar target/hello-world-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar 
Hello Maven

參考文章：https://blog.csdn.net/u010523770/article/details/70168353

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