scrapy框架的日誌等級和請求傳參, 優化效率

目錄

• scrapy框架的日誌等級和請求傳參, 優化效率
  • Scrapy的日誌等級
  • 請求傳參
    • 如何提升scripy的爬取效率

scrapy框架的日誌等級和請求傳參, 優化效率

Scrapy的日誌等級

• 在使用scrapy crawl spiderFileName運行程序時，在終端裏打印輸出的就是scrapy的日誌信息。

• 日誌信息的種類：

　　　　　　　　ERROR ： 通常錯誤

　　　　　　　　WARNING : 警告

　　　　　　　　INFO : 通常的信息

　　　　　　　　DEBUG ： 調試信息

　　　　　　　

• 設置日誌信息指定輸出：

　　　　在settings.py配置文件中，加入

LOG_LEVEL = ‘指定日誌信息種類’便可。

                LOG_FILE = 'log.txt'則表示將日誌信息寫入到指定文件中進行存儲。

請求傳參

• 在某些狀況下，咱們爬取的數據不在同一個頁面中，例如，咱們爬取一個電影網站，電影的名稱，評分在一級頁面，而要爬取的其餘電影詳情在其二級子頁面中。這時咱們就須要用到請求傳參。

• 案例展現：爬取www.id97.com電影網，將一級頁面中的電影名稱，類型，評分一級二級頁面中的上映時間，導演，片長進行爬取。

爬蟲文件

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
from moviePro.items import MovieproItem

class MovieSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'movie'
    allowed_domains = ['www.id97.com']
    start_urls = ['http://www.id97.com/']

    def parse(self, response):
        div_list = response.xpath('//div[@class="col-xs-1-5 movie-item"]')

        for div in div_list:
            item = MovieproItem()
            item['name'] = div.xpath('.//h1/a/text()').extract_first()
            item['score'] = div.xpath('.//h1/em/text()').extract_first()
            #xpath(string(.))表示提取當前節點下全部子節點中的數據值（.）表示當前節點
            item['kind'] = div.xpath('.//div[@class="otherinfo"]').xpath('string(.)').extract_first()
            item['detail_url'] = div.xpath('./div/a/@href').extract_first()
            #請求二級詳情頁面，解析二級頁面中的相應內容,經過meta參數進行Request的數據傳遞
            yield scrapy.Request(url=item['detail_url'],callback=self.parse_detail,meta={'item':item})

    def parse_detail(self,response):
        #經過response獲取item
        item = response.meta['item']
        item['actor'] = response.xpath('//div[@class="row"]//table/tr[1]/a/text()').extract_first()
        item['time'] = response.xpath('//div[@class="row"]//table/tr[7]/td[2]/text()').extract_first()
        item['long'] = response.xpath('//div[@class="row"]//table/tr[8]/td[2]/text()').extract_first()
        #提交item到管道
        yield item

items 文件:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html

import scrapy


class MovieproItem(scrapy.Item):
    # define the fields for your item here like:
    name = scrapy.Field()
    score = scrapy.Field()
    time = scrapy.Field()
    long = scrapy.Field()
    actor = scrapy.Field()
    kind = scrapy.Field()
    detail_url = scrapy.Field()

管道文件:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html

import json
class MovieproPipeline(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.fp = open('data.txt','w')
    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        dic = dict(item)
        print(dic)
        json.dump(dic,self.fp,ensure_ascii=False)
        return item
    def close_spider(self,spider):
        self.fp.close()

如何提升scripy的爬取效率

1. 增長併發：

   默認scrapy開啓的併發線程爲32個，能夠適當進行增長。在settings配置文件中修改CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 100值爲100,併發設置成了爲100。

2. 下降日誌級別：

   在運行scrapy時，會有大量日誌信息的輸出，爲了減小CPU的使用率。能夠設置log輸出信息爲INFO或者ERROR便可。在配置文件中編寫：LOG_LEVEL = ‘INFO’

3. 禁止cookie：

   若是不是真的須要cookie，則在scrapy爬取數據時能夠進制cookie從而減小CPU的使用率，提高爬取效率。在配置文件中編寫：COOKIES_ENABLED = False

4. 禁止重試：

   對失敗的HTTP進行從新請求（重試）會減慢爬取速度，所以能夠禁止重試。在配置文件中編寫：RETRY_ENABLED = False

5. 減小下載超時：

   若是對一個很是慢的連接進行爬取，減小下載超時能夠能讓卡住的連接快速被放棄，從而提高效率。在配置文件中進行編寫：DOWNLOAD_TIMEOUT = 10 超時時間爲10s

測試案例：爬取校花網校花圖片 www.521609.com

爬蟲文件

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
from xiaohua.items import XiaohuaItem

class XiahuaSpider(scrapy.Spider):

    name = 'xiaohua'
    allowed_domains = ['www.521609.com']
    start_urls = ['http://www.521609.com/daxuemeinv/']

    pageNum = 1
    url = 'http://www.521609.com/daxuemeinv/list8%d.html'

    def parse(self, response):
        li_list = response.xpath('//div[@class="index_img list_center"]/ul/li')
        for li in li_list:
            school = li.xpath('./a/img/@alt').extract_first()
            img_url = li.xpath('./a/img/@src').extract_first()

            item = XiaohuaItem()
            item['school'] = school
            item['img_url'] = 'http://www.521609.com' + img_url

            yield item

        if self.pageNum < 10:
            self.pageNum += 1
            url = format(self.url % self.pageNum)
            #print(url)
            yield scrapy.Request(url=url,callback=self.parse)

items.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html

import scrapy


class XiaohuaItem(scrapy.Item):
    # define the fields for your item here like:
    # name = scrapy.Field()
    school=scrapy.Field()
    img_url=scrapy.Field()

pipelines.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html

import json
import os
import urllib.request
class XiaohuaPipeline(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.fp = None

    def open_spider(self,spider):
        print('開始爬蟲')
        self.fp = open('./xiaohua.txt','w')

    def download_img(self,item):
        url = item['img_url']
        fileName = item['school']+'.jpg'
        if not os.path.exists('./xiaohualib'):
            os.mkdir('./xiaohualib')
        filepath = os.path.join('./xiaohualib',fileName)
        urllib.request.urlretrieve(url,filepath)
        print(fileName+"下載成功")

    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        obj = dict(item)
        json_str = json.dumps(obj,ensure_ascii=False)
        self.fp.write(json_str+'\n')

        #下載圖片
        self.download_img(item)
        return item

    def close_spider(self,spider):
        print('結束爬蟲')
        self.fp.close()

配置文件

USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/68.0.3440.106 Safari/537.36'

# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False

# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 100
COOKIES_ENABLED = False
LOG_LEVEL = 'ERROR'
RETRY_ENABLED = False
DOWNLOAD_TIMEOUT = 3
# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16
DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3