Android Studio中Gradle使用詳解

一)基本配置

  1. build配置php

    buildscript {
     repositories {
         jcenter() 
     }
     dependencies {
         classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:1.2.3' } }

    Android腳本css

    apply plugin: 'com.android.application'

    Android配置java

    android {
     compileSdkVersion 22 buildToolsVersion "22.0.1" }

    項目結構android

    MyApp ├── build.gradle ├── settings.gradle └── app ├── build.gradle ├── build ├── libs └── src └── main ├── java │ └── com.package.myapp └── res ├── drawable ├── layout └── etc.
  2. Gradle Wrapper結構(這些新建項目時都添加給了用戶,不須要從新添加)api

    myapp/
     ├── gradlew 
     ├── gradlew.bat
     └── gradle/wrapper/
         ├── gradle-wrapper.jar
         └── gradle-wrapper.properties

    運行build任務 - 列出全部可用任務ruby

    $ ./gradlew tasks

    生成App-debug.apk任務bash

    $ ./gradlew assembleDebug # Apk路徑: MyApp/app/build/ outputs/apk
  3. 手動導入Eclipse-Android項目(自動導入請連續點「下一步」)
    在項目路徑下建立build.gradle文件:app

    buildscript {
      repositories {
          jcenter() 
      }
      dependencies {
          classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:1.2.3' } } apply plugin: 'com.android.application' android { compileSdkVersion 22 buildToolsVersion "22.0.1" sourceSets { main { manifest.srcFile 'AndroidManifest.xml' java.srcDirs = ['src'] resources.srcDirs = ['src'] aidl.srcDirs = ['src'] renderscript.srcDirs = ['src'] res.srcDirs = ['res'] assets.srcDirs = ['assets'] } androidTest.setRoot('tests') } } dependencies { compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar']) }

    PS 也能夠複製粘貼Eclipse-Android項目的源代碼到Android Studio的項目裏jvm

二)自定義配置

  1. Gradle全部文件結構maven

    MyApp ├── build.gradle ├── settings.gradle └── app └── build.gradle

    settings.gradle

    include ':app'

    MyApp/build.gradle

    buildscript {
     repositories {
         jcenter()
     }
     dependencies {
         classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:1.2.3' } } allprojects { repositories { jcenter() } }

    MyApp/app/build.gradle

    apply plugin: 'com.android.application' android { compileSdkVersion 22 buildToolsVersion "22.0.1" defaultConfig { applicationId "com.gradleforandroid.gettingstarted" minSdkVersion 14 targetSdkVersion 22 versionCode 1 versionName "1.0" } buildTypes { release { minifyEnabled false proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro' } } } dependencies { compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar']) compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.0' }
  2. 基礎任務

    $ ./gradlew assemble -爲全部構建類型建立apk $ ./gradlew check 運行全部的檢查,好比說Android Lint,若是發現問題可終止任務 $ ./gradlew build 運行以上兩個任務 $ ./gradlew clean -清除生成的apk ++++ $ ./gradlew connectedCheck - 在設備上運行測試 $ ./gradlew deviceCheck - 遠程設備運行測試 $ ./gradlew installDebug/installRelease - 在設備商安裝指定版本 $ ./gradlew uninstall - 卸載

  3. Build Types不一樣版本的參數設置 - BuildConfig/Resource Value

    android {
      buildTypes {
          debug {
              buildConfigField "String", "API_URL","\"http://test.example.com/api\"" buildConfigField "boolean", "LOG_HTTP_CALLS", "true" resValue "string", "app_name", "Example DEBUG" } release { buildConfigField "String", "API_URL", "\"http://example.com/api\"" buildConfigField "boolean", "LOG_HTTP_CALLS", "false" resValue "string", "app_name", "Example" } } }
  4. 全局設置(項目根目錄的build.gradle)

    allprojects {
      apply plugin: 'com.android.application' android { compileSdkVersion 22 buildToolsVersion "22.0.1" } }

    設置全局參數

    ext {
      compileSdkVersion = 22 buildToolsVersion = "22.0.1" }

    在MyApp/app/build.gradle裏面使用參數

    android { compileSdkVersion rootProject.ext.compileSdkVersion buildToolsVersion rootProject.ext.buildToolsVersion }
  5. 默認任務(MyApp/build.gradle)

    defaultTasks 'clean', 'assembleDebug'

三) 依賴管理

  1. 倉庫
    預設配置倉庫

    repositories { mavenCentral() jcenter() mavenLocal() }

    遠程倉庫

    repositories {
     maven {
         url "http://repo.acmecorp.com/maven2" credentials { username 'user' password 'secretpassword' } } ivy { url "http://repo.acmecorp.com/repo" } }

    本地倉庫

    repositories {
     maven {
         url "../repo" } }
  2. 本地依賴
    項目文件依賴

    dependencies {
      compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar']) }

    原生庫結構與配置

    # 結構: app ├── AndroidManifest.xml └── jniLibs ├── armeabi │ └── nativelib.so ├── armeabi-v7a │ └── nativelib.so ├── mips │ └── nativelib.so └── x86 └── nativelib.so # 配置: android { sourceSets.main { jniLibs.srcDir 'src/main/libs' } }

    Libray項目

    # 修改Android插件: apply plugin: 'com.android.library' # settings.gradle新增libray項目: include ':app', ':library' # app內引用library項目: dependencies { compile project(':library') }
  3. 依賴概念

    <待續>
  4. Android Studio內添加依賴


四)構建變體

  • <待續>

五)多模塊構建管理

  1. 加速構建
    在gradle.properties裏面添加: org.gradle.parallel=true

六) 測試

  1. 單元測試
    使用JUnit

    # 結構: app └─── src ├─── main │ ├─── java │ │ └─── com.example.app │ └───res └─── test └─── java └─── com.example.app # 依賴: dependencies { testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12' }

    使用Robolectric

    # 依賴: apply plugin: 'org.robolectric' dependencies { compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar']) compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.0' testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12' testCompile'org.robolectric:robolectric:3.0' testCompile'org.robolectric:shadows-support:3.0' } # Demo: @RunWith(RobolectricTestRunner.class) @Config(manifest = "app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml", sdk = 18) public class MainActivityTest { @Test public void clickingButtonShouldChangeText() { AppCompatActivity activity = Robolectric.buildActivity(MainActivity.class).create().get(); Button button = (Button) activity.findViewById(R.id.button); TextView textView = (TextView) activity.findViewById(R.id.label); button.performClick(); assertThat(textView.getText().toString(), equalTo(activity.getString(R.string.hello_robolectric))); } }
  2. 功能測試
    使用Espresso

    <待續>
  3. 測試覆蓋度
    使用Jacoco

    <待續>

七)建立任務與插件

  1. <待續>

八)配置CI

  1. <待續>

九)自定義配置 - 進階

  1. 縮減apk文件大小
    使用ProGuard
    android {
     buildTypes {
         release {
             minifyEnabled true proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro' } } }
    收縮資源文件 - 自動 (<手動待續>)
    android {
     buildTypes {
         release {
             minifyEnabled true shrinkResources true } } }
  2. 加速構建

    org.gradle.parallel=true # 並行構建 org.gradle.daemon=true # 開啓Gradle守護進程 org.gradle.jvmargs=-Xms256m -Xmx1024m # 配置JVM<參照下圖>


    使用Profiling

    <待續>

    使用Jack(Java Android Compiler Kit) and Jill(Jack Intermediate Library Linker)

    <待續>
  3. 忽略Lint

    android {
      lintOptions {
          abortOnError false } }
  4. 使用Ant

    <待續>
  5. app打包 - 進階
    分割apk

    android {
      splits {
          density {
              enable true exclude 'ldpi', 'mdpi' compatibleScreens 'normal', 'large', 'xlarge' } } } 生成結果: app-hdpi-release.apk app-universal-release.apk app-xhdpi-release.apk app-xxhdpi-release.apk app-xxxhdpi-release.apk



文/田浩浩_DockOne(簡書做者) 原文連接:http://www.jianshu.com/p/02cb9a0eb2a0 著做權歸做者全部,轉載請聯繫做者得到受權,並標註「簡書做者」。
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