leetcode450. Delete Node in a BST

題目要求

Given a root node reference of a BST and a key, delete the node with the given key in the BST. Return the root node reference (possibly updated) of the BST.

Basically, the deletion can be divided into two stages:

Search for a node to remove.
If the node is found, delete the node.
Note: Time complexity should be O(height of tree).

Example:

root = [5,3,6,2,4,null,7]
key = 3

    5
   / \
  3   6
 / \   \
2   4   7

Given key to delete is 3. So we find the node with value 3 and delete it.

One valid answer is [5,4,6,2,null,null,7], shown in the following BST.

    5
   / \
  4   6
 /     \
2       7

Another valid answer is [5,2,6,null,4,null,7].

    5
   / \
  2   6
   \   \
    4   7

假設有一棵二叉搜索樹,如今要求從二叉搜索樹中刪除指定值,使得刪除後的結果依然是一棵二叉搜索樹。java

思路和代碼

二叉搜索樹的特色是,對於樹中的任何一個節點,必定知足大於其全部左子節點值,小於全部其右子節點值。當刪除二叉搜索樹中的一個節點時,一共有三種場景:node

  1. 該該節點爲葉節點,此時無需進行任何操做,直接刪除該節點便可
  2. 該節點只有一個子樹,則將惟一的直接子節點替換掉當前的節點便可
  3. 該節點既有作左子節點又有右子節點。這時候有兩種選擇,要麼選擇左子樹的最大值,要麼選擇右子樹的最小值填充至當前的節點,再遞歸的在子樹中刪除對應的最大值或是最小值。

對每種狀況的圖例以下:ide

1. 葉節點
    5
   / \
  2   6
   \   \
    4   7 (刪除4)
結果爲:
    5
   / \
  2   6
       \
        7
        
2. 只有左子樹或是隻有右子樹
    5
   / \
  3   6
 / \   \
2   4   7(刪除6)
結果爲
    5
   / \
  3   6
 / \   
2   4   

3. 既有左子樹又有右子樹
    6
   / \
  3   7
 / \   \
2   5   8 (刪除6)
   /
  4
首先找到6的左子樹中的最大值爲5,將5填充到6的位置
    5
   / \
  3   7
 / \   \
2   5   8 (刪除5)
   /
  4
接着遞歸的在左子樹中刪除5,此時5知足只有一個子樹的場景,所以直接用子樹替換便可
    5
   / \
  3   7
 / \   \
2   4   8 (刪除5)

代碼以下:code

public TreeNode deleteNode(TreeNode cur, int key) {
        if(cur == null) return null;
        else if(cur.val == key) {
            if(cur.left != null && cur.right != null) {
                TreeNode left = cur.left;
                while(left.right != null) {
                    left = left.right;
                }
                cur.val = left.val;
                cur.left = deleteNode(cur.left, left.val);
            }else if(cur.left != null) {
                return cur.left;
            }else if(cur.right != null){
                return cur.right;
            }else {
                return null;
            }
        }else if(cur.val > key) {
            cur.left = deleteNode(cur.left, key);
        }else {
            cur.right = deleteNode(cur.right, key);
        }
        return cur;
    }
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