Tomcat基本配置

時間  2019-12-05
標籤 tomcat 基本 配置 欄目 Tomcat 简体版
原文   原文鏈接

第二十六課 Tomcat基本配置

目錄css

1、 Tomcat介紹
2、 安裝jdk
3、 安裝Tomcat
4、 配置Tomcat監聽80端口
5、 配置Tomcat虛擬主機
6、 Tomcat日誌
7、擴展html


1、 Tomcat介紹

Tomcat 是什麼java

Tomcat 是由 Apache軟件基金會開發的一個 Servlet 容器，實現了對 Servlet 和 JSP 的支持，並提供了做爲Web服務器的一些特有功能，如Tomcat管理和控制平臺、安全域管理和Tomcat閥等。mysql

因爲 Tomcat 自己也內含了一個 HTTP 服務器，它也能夠被視做一個單獨的 Web 服務器。可是，不能將 Tomcat 和 Apache HTTP 服務器混淆，Apache HTTP 服務器是一個用 C 語言實現的 HTTP Web 服務器；這兩個 HTTP web server 不是捆綁在一塊兒的。Tomcat 包含了一個配置管理工具，也能夠經過編輯XML格式的配置文件來進行配置。linux

tomcat是一箇中間件，真正起做用解析java腳本的是jdk。jdk（java development kit）是整個java的核心，它包含了java運行環境和一堆java相關的工具以及java基礎庫。web

最主流的jdk爲sun公司發佈的jdk，除此以外，其實IBM公司也有發佈JDK，CentOS上也能夠用yum安裝openjdksql

java程序寫的網站用tomcat+jdk來運行數據庫


2、 安裝jdk

1.從Orcale官網下載當前的jdk版本，而後上傳到服務器上apache

當前下載地址：http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.htmlbootstrap

2.解壓jdk包

[root@tomcat8 ~]# ls -l /usr/local/src/
total 195752
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 190890122 May 23 21:09 jdk-8u171-linux-x64.tar.gz
//解壓jdk包
[root@tomcat8 src]# tar -zxf jdk-8u171-linux-x64.tar.gz 
[root@tomcat8 src]# ll
total 195752
drwxr-xr-x 8   10  143       255 Mar 28 20:18 jdk1.8.0_171
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 190890122 May 23 21:09 jdk-8u171-linux-x64.tar.gz

3.移動jdk包到/usr/local/下

[root@tomcat8 src]# ls -ld /usr/local/jdk1.8/
drwxr-xr-x 8 10 143 255 Mar 28 20:18 /usr/local/jdk1.8/

4.新建jdk環境變量

[root@tomcat8 src]# vim /etc/profile
//在文件末尾添加以下內容
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8/
export JAVA_BIN=$JAVA_HOME/bin
export JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/jre/bin
export CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/charsets.jar 

//使環境變量當即生效
[root@tomcat8 src]# source /etc/profile

5.測試jdk環境是否生效

[root@tomcat8 src]# source /etc/profile
[root@tomcat8 src]# java -version
java version "1.8.0_171"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_171-b11)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.171-b11, mixed mode)


3、 安裝Tomcat

1.下載tomcat源碼包，這裏以tomcat-8.5.31爲例

[root@tomcat8 ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@tomcat8 src]#  wget https://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.31/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.31.tar.gz
--2018-07-16 03:43:30--  https://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.31/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.31.tar.gz
Resolving archive.apache.org (archive.apache.org)... 163.172.17.199
Connecting to archive.apache.org (archive.apache.org)|163.172.17.199|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 9552281 (9.1M) [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: ‘apache-tomcat-8.5.31.tar.gz’

100%[=====================================================================================>] 9,552,281    120KB/s   in 2m 35s 

2018-07-16 03:46:06 (60.2 KB/s) - ‘apache-tomcat-8.5.31.tar.gz’ saved [9552281/9552281]

[root@tomcat8 src]# ls -lh
total 192M
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9.2M Apr 27 16:47 apache-tomcat-8.5.31.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 183M May 23 21:09 jdk-8u171-linux-x64.tar.gz

2.解壓tomcat並移動到/usr/local

[root@tomcat8 src]# tar -zxf apache-tomcat-8.5.31.tar.gz 
[root@tomcat8 src]# ll
total 195752
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root       160 Jul 16 03:49 apache-tomcat-8.5.31
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   9552281 Apr 27 16:47 apache-tomcat-8.5.31.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 190890122 May 23 21:09 jdk-8u171-linux-x64.tar.gz
[root@tomcat8 src]# mv apache-tomcat-8.5.31 /usr/local/tomcat
[root@tomcat8 src]# ls -ld /usr/local/tomcat/
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 160 Jul 16 03:49 /usr/local/tomcat/

3.啓動tomcat

[root@tomcat8 src]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh 
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr/local/jdk1.8//jre
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.

//檢測是否正常啓動
[root@tomcat8 src]# netstat -nltup | grep java
tcp6       0      0 :::8080                 :::*                    LISTEN      1267/java           
tcp6       0      0 127.0.0.1:8005          :::*                    LISTEN      1267/java           
tcp6       0      0 :::8009                 :::*                    LISTEN      1267/java

本地測試

[root@tomcat8 src]# curl -x:127.0.0.1:80 127.0.0.1:8080
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8" />
        <title>Apache Tomcat/8.5.31</title>
        <link href="favicon.ico" rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" />
        <link href="favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" />
        <link href="tomcat.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
    </head>

....中間略...

                        </ul>
                    </div>
                </div>
                <br class="separator" />
            </div>
            <p class="copyright">Copyright &copy;1999-2018 Apache Software Foundation.  All Rights Reserved</p>
        </div>
    </body>

</html>

遠程瀏覽器測試


4、 配置Tomcat監聽80端口

Tomcat默認偵聽的是8080端口，不是很方便。能夠經過修改配置文件的方式將默認偵聽的端口改成80.

[root@tomcat8 src]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml 
//修改以下字段
Connector port="8080"---->Connector port="80"
//中止tomcat
[root@tomcat8 src]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh 
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr/local/jdk1.8//jre
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
//啓動tomcat
[root@tomcat8 src]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh 
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr/local/jdk1.8//jre
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.
//注意，tomcat沒有restart參數，須要用shutdown.sh關閉，而後再用Startup啓動。

本地測試

[root@tomcat8 src]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 127.0.0.1



<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8" />
        <title>Apache Tomcat/8.5.31</title>
        <link href="favicon.ico" rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" />
        <link href="favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" />
        <link href="tomcat.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
    </head>

...中間略...

            </div>
            <p class="copyright">Copyright &copy;1999-2018 Apache Software Foundation.  All Rights Reserved</p>
        </div>
    </body>

遠程瀏覽器測試


5、 配置Tomcat虛擬主機

這裏以增長虛擬主機www.tomcattest.com爲例

[root@tomcat8 src]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml 
...略...
//默認虛擬主機的配置<Host...> </Host>表示一個虛擬主機
      <Host name="localhost"  appBase="webapps"
            unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">

        <!-- SingleSignOn valve, share authentication between web applications
             Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html -->
        <!--
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn" />
        -->

        <!-- Access log processes all example.
             Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html
             Note: The pattern used is equivalent to using pattern="common" -->
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
               prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt"
               pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" />

      </Host>

//增長www.tomcattest.com虛擬主機配置
<Host name="www.tomcattest.com" appBase=""
    unpackWARs= "true" autoDeploy="true"
    xmlValidation="false" xmlNamespaceAware="false">
    <Context path="" docBase="/data/wwwroot/tomcattest.com/" debug="0" reloadable="true" crossContext="true"/>
</Host>

[root@tomcat8 tomcattest]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh      
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr/local/jdk1.8//jre
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
[root@tomcat8 tomcattest]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh  
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr/local/jdk1.8//jre
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.

[root@tomcat8 tomcattest]# mkdir -p /data/wwwroot/tomcattest.com 
[root@tomcat8 tomcattest]# ls -ld  /data/wwwroot/tomcattest.com  
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 37 Jul 16 04:21 /data/wwwroot/tomcattest.com
//新建測試文件
[root@tomcat8 tomcattest]# vim 1.html  
[root@tomcat8 tomcattest]# cat 1.html 
I am www.tomcattest.com!
[root@tomcat8 tomcattest]# mv /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/index.jsp /data/wwwroot/tomcattest/index.jsp

本地測試

[root@tomcat8 tomcattest]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 www.tomcattest.com/1.html
I am www.tomcattest.com!

[root@tomcat8 tomcattest]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 www.tomcattest.com/index.jsp -I
HTTP/1.1 200 
Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Date: Mon, 16 Jul 2018 08:33:23 GMT

遠程瀏覽器測試

Zrblog的安裝

1.從官網下載zrblog的安裝包並上傳到服務器

2.將程序複製到webapp目錄

//由於與默認網站的目錄重名，ROOT.war解壓後將默認網站的內容覆蓋了
//若是不想覆蓋默認網站，請在拷入ROOT目錄前更名
[root@tomcat8 ~]# ls /usr/local/src/
apache-tomcat-8.5.31.tar.gz  jdk-8u171-linux-x64.tar.gz  ROOT.war
[root@tomcat8 ~]# cd !$
cd /usr/local/src/
[root@tomcat8 src]# mv ROOT.war /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/
[root@tomcat8 src]# cd !$
cd /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/
[root@tomcat8 webapps]# pwd
/usr/local/tomcat/webapps
[root@tomcat8 webapps]# ls
docs  examples  host-manager  manager  ROOT  ROOT.war

3.新建zrlog數據庫用戶

[root@tomcat8 init.d]# mysql -uroot
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> create database zrlog;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> grant all on zrlog.* to 'zrlogadmin'@127.0.0.1 identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

4.進入安裝嚮導

若是不想利用默認的網站，可將應用程序放入相應 定義的目錄便可。.war包在appbase定義的目錄下

會自動解壓。已經解壓好的網站程序，也能夠放到docbase定義的目錄下。


6、 Tomcat日誌

tomcat日誌在/usr/local/tomcat/logs/下

其中catalina開頭的日誌爲Tomcat的綜合日誌，它記錄Tomcat服務相關信息，也會記錄錯誤日誌。

其中catalina.2017-xx-xx.log和catalina.out內容相同，前者會天天生成一個新的日誌。

host-manager和manager爲管理相關的日誌，其中host-manager爲虛擬主機的管理日誌。

localhost和localhost_access爲虛擬主機相關日誌，其中帶access字樣的日誌爲訪問日誌，不帶access字樣的爲默認虛擬主機的錯誤日誌。

訪問日誌默認不會生成，須要在server.xml中配置一下。

[root@tomcat8 tomcattest]# cd /usr/local/tomcat/logs/
[root@tomcat8 logs]# ls -l
total 140
-rw-r----- 1 root root 63847 Jul 16 04:26 catalina.2018-07-16.log
-rw-r----- 1 root root 63847 Jul 16 04:26 catalina.out
-rw-r----- 1 root root     0 Jul 16 03:51 host-manager.2018-07-16.log
-rw-r----- 1 root root  4134 Jul 16 04:26 localhost.2018-07-16.log
-rw-r----- 1 root root  1730 Jul 16 04:04 localhost_access_log.2018-07-16.txt
-rw-r----- 1 root root     0 Jul 16 03:51 manager.2018-07-16.log

//catalina日誌示例
-rw-r----- 1 root root     0 Jul 16 03:51 manager.2018-07-16.log
[root@tomcat8 logs]# head -n 5  catalina.2018-07-16.log
16-Jul-2018 03:51:21.812 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server version:        Apache Tomcat/8.5.31
16-Jul-2018 03:51:21.816 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server built:          Apr 27 2018 20:24:25 UTC
16-Jul-2018 03:51:21.816 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server number:         8.5.31.0
16-Jul-2018 03:51:21.816 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log OS Name:               Linux
16-Jul-2018 03:51:21.816 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log OS Version:            3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64

//catalina.out日誌示例
[root@tomcat8 logs]# head -n 5 catalina.out
16-Jul-2018 03:51:21.812 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server version:        Apache Tomcat/8.5.31
16-Jul-2018 03:51:21.816 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server built:          Apr 27 2018 20:24:25 UTC
16-Jul-2018 03:51:21.816 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server number:         8.5.31.0
16-Jul-2018 03:51:21.816 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log OS Name:               Linux
16-Jul-2018 03:51:21.816 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log OS Version:            3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64

//localhost_access日誌示例
[root@tomcat8 logs]# head -n 5 localhost_access_log.2018-07-16.txt 
10.0.1.229 - - [16/Jul/2018:03:53:06 -0400] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 11250
10.0.1.229 - - [16/Jul/2018:03:53:06 -0400] "GET /tomcat.png HTTP/1.1" 200 5103
10.0.1.229 - - [16/Jul/2018:03:53:06 -0400] "GET /tomcat.css HTTP/1.1" 200 5581
10.0.1.229 - - [16/Jul/2018:03:53:07 -0400] "GET /bg-upper.png HTTP/1.1" 200 3103
10.0.1.229 - - [16/Jul/2018:03:53:07 -0400] "GET /asf-logo-wide.svg HTTP/1.1" 200 27235

//localhost日誌示例
[root@tomcat8 logs]# head -n 5 localhost.2018-07-16.log 
16-Jul-2018 03:51:23.554 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log ContextListener: contextInitialized()
16-Jul-2018 03:51:23.554 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log SessionListener: contextInitialized()
16-Jul-2018 03:51:23.556 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log ContextListener: attributeAdded('StockTicker', 'async.Stockticker@371e34e1')
16-Jul-2018 04:00:44.831 INFO [localhost-startStop-2] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log SessionListener: contextDestroyed()
16-Jul-2018 04:00:44.831 INFO [localhost-startStop-2] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log ContextListener: contextDestroyed()

//配置www.tomcattest.com的訪問日誌
[root@tomcat8 logs]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml

      </Host>
      <Host name="www.tomcattest.com" appBase=""
      unpackWARs= "true" autoDeploy="true"
      xmlValidation="false" xmlNamespaceAware="false">
      <Context path="" docBase="/data/wwwroot/tomcattest.com/" debug="0" reloadable="true" crossContext="true"/>
      //增長日誌配置
      <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs/tomcattest"
      prefix="localhost_access" suffix=".log"
      pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" />
</Host>

[root@tomcat8 tomcattest]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh 
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr/local/jdk1.8//jre
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
[root@tomcat8 tomcattest]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh 
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr/local/jdk1.8//jre
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.

[root@tomcat8 tomcattest]# ls
localhost_access.2018-07-16.log

[root@tomcat8 tomcattest]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 www.tomcattest.com/1.html
I am www.tomcattest.com!

[root@tomcat8 tomcattest]# cat localhost_access.2018-07-16.log
127.0.0.1 - - [16/Jul/2018:04:52:41 -0400] "GET /1.html HTTP/1.1" 200 25


7、擴展

java容器比較

http://my.oschina.net/diedai/blog/271367

http://www.360doc.com/content/11/0618/21/16915_127901371.shtml

j2ee、j2se、ejb、javabean、serverlet、jsp之間關係

http://bbs.csdn.net/topics/50015576

tomcat server.xml配置詳解

http://blog.csdn.net/yuanxuegui2008/article/details/6056754

tomcat經常使用數據庫鏈接的方法

http://wjw7702.blog.51cto.com/5210820/1109263

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