springCloud學習-服務消費者(Feign)

一、簡介web

Feign是一個聲明式的僞Http客戶端,它使得寫Http客戶端變得更簡單。使用Feign,只須要建立一個接口並註解。它具備可插拔的註解特性,可以使用Feign 註解和JAX-RS註解。Feign支持可插拔的編碼器和解碼器。Feign默認集成了Ribbon,並和Eureka結合,默認實現了負載均衡的效果。spring

簡而言之:apache

  • Feign 採用的是基於接口的註解
  • Feign 整合了ribbon,具備負載均衡的能力
  • 整合了Hystrix,具備熔斷的能力

二、建立feign服務瀏覽器

二、1 建立springboot工程serice-feign,pom.xml以下:springboot

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.lishun</groupId>
    <artifactId>serice-feign</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <name>serice-feign</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.lishun</groupId>
        <artifactId>cloud</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

2.二、配置文件application.yml,在配置文件中指定服務名,端口,註冊中心地址等信息app

eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
server:
  port: 8765
spring:
  application:
    name: service-feign

2.三、在程序的啓動類ServiceFeignApplication ,加上@EnableFeignClients註解開啓Feign的功能:負載均衡

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableFeignClients
public class SericeFeignApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SericeFeignApplication.class, args);
    }
}

2.四、定義一個feign接口,經過@ FeignClient(「服務名」),來指定調用哪一個服務。好比在代碼中調用了service-hi服務的「/hi」接口,代碼以下:maven

@FeignClient(value = "service-hi")
public interface SchedualServiceHi {
    @RequestMapping(value = "/hi",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    String sayHiFromClientOne(@RequestParam(value = "name") String name);
}

2.五、在Web層的controller層,對外暴露一個」/hi」的API接口,經過上面定義的Feign客戶端SchedualServiceHi 來消費服務。代碼以下:spring-boot

@RestController
public class HiController {

    //編譯器報錯,無視。 由於這個Bean是在程序啓動的時候注入的,編譯器感知不到,因此報錯。
    @SuppressWarnings("all")
    @Autowired
    SchedualServiceHi schedualServiceHi;

    @GetMapping(value = "/hi")
    public String sayHi(@RequestParam String name) {
        return schedualServiceHi.sayHiFromClientOne( name );
    }
}

2.六、啓動eureka-server ,端口爲8761; 啓動service-hi 兩次,端口分別爲8762 、8773.再啓動serice-feign 端口爲8765,屢次訪問http://localhost:8765/hi?name=lis,瀏覽器交替顯示:編碼

hi lis,i am from port:8762
hi lis,i am from port:8763
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