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http://blog.csdn.net/lmj623565791/article/details/45303349;
本文出自:【張鴻洋的博客】css
隨着Material Design的逐漸的普及,業內也有不少具備分享精神的夥伴翻譯了material design specification ,中文翻譯地址:Material Design 中文版。So,咱們也開始Android 5.x相關的blog,那麼首先了解的固然是其主題的風格以及app bar。html
固然,5.x普及可能還須要一段時間,因此咱們仍是儘量的去使用兼容包支持低版本的設備。java
ps:本博客使用:android
- compileSdkVersion 22
- buildToolsVersion 「22.0.1」
- compile ‘com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.1.1’
- 突然發現ActionBarActivity被棄用了,推薦使用AppCompatActivity,相關blog地址:Android Support Library 22.1
md的主題有:git
與之對應的Compat Theme:github
咱們能夠根據咱們的app的風格,去定製Color Palette(調色板),重點有如下幾個屬性:微信
<resources>
<!-- Base application theme. -->
<style name="AppBaseTheme" parent="Theme.AppCompat"> <!-- customize the color palette --> <item name="colorPrimary">@color/material_blue_500</item> <item name="colorPrimaryDark">@color/material_blue_700</item> <item name="colorAccent">@color/material_green_A200</item> </style>
</resources>
與之對應的圖:markdown
metarial design的theme容許咱們去設置status bar的顏色,若是你項目的最小支持版本爲5.0,那麼你可使用
android:Theme.Material
,設置android:statusBarColor
。固然了這種狀況目前來講比較少,因此咱們多數使用的是Theme.AppCompat
,經過設置android:colorPrimaryDark.
來設置status bar顏色。(ps:默認狀況下,android:statusBarColor
的值繼承自android:colorPrimaryDark
).app
對於5.0如下的設備,目前colorPrimaryDark
沒法去個性化狀態欄的顏色;底部的navagationBar可能也不同,更別說設置顏色了。ide
下面寫個簡單的Demo去測試下。
values/styles.xml
<resources>
<!-- Base application theme. -->
<style name="AppTheme" parent="AppBaseTheme"> </style>
<style name="AppBaseTheme" parent="Theme.AppCompat.Light"> <!-- customize the color palette --> <item name="colorPrimary">@color/material_blue_500</item> <item name="colorPrimaryDark">@color/material_blue_700</item> <item name="colorAccent">@color/material_green_A200</item> </style>
</resources>
values-v21/styles.xml
<resources>
<style name="AppTheme" parent="AppBaseTheme"> <item name="android:statusBarColor">@color/material_blue_700</item> </style>
</resources>
values/colors.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
<color name="material_blue_500">#009688</color>
<color name="material_blue_700">#00796B</color>
<color name="material_green_A200">#FD87A9</color>
</resources>
能夠看到:colorAccent也就是圖中的粉色,EditText正在輸入時,RadioButton選中時的顏色。ps:5.0如下設備,狀態欄顏色不會變化。
衆所周知,在使用ActionBar的時候,一堆的問題:這個文字能不能定製,位置能不能改變,圖標的間距怎麼控制神馬的,由此暴露出了ActionBar設計的不靈活。爲此官方提供了ToolBar,而且提供了supprot library用於向下兼容。Toolbar之因此靈活,是由於它其實就是一個ViewGroup,咱們在使用的時候和普通的組件同樣,在佈局文件中聲明。
既然準備用ToolBar,首先看看如何將其引入到app中。
隱藏能夠經過修改咱們繼承的主題爲:Theme.AppCompat.Light.NoActionBar
,固然也能夠經過設置如下屬性完成:
<item name="windowActionBar">false</item>
<item name="android:windowNoTitle">true</item>
咱們這裏選擇前者:
<style name="AppBaseTheme" parent="Theme.AppCompat.Light.NoActionBar"> <!-- customize the color palette --> <item name="colorPrimary">@color/material_blue_500</item> <item name="colorPrimaryDark">@color/material_blue_700</item> <item name="colorAccent">@color/material_green_A200</item> </style>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_height="match_parent" xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto">
<android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar android:id="@+id/id_toolbar" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="match_parent" />
<android.support.v7.widget.GridLayout android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal" app:useDefaultMargins="true" app:columnCount="3">
<TextView android:text="First Name:" app:layout_gravity="right" />
<EditText android:ems="10" app:layout_columnSpan="2" />
<TextView android:text="Last Name:" app:layout_column="0" app:layout_gravity="right" />
<EditText android:ems="10" app:layout_columnSpan="2" />
<TextView android:text="Visit Type:" app:layout_column="0" app:layout_gravity="right" />
<RadioGroup app:layout_columnSpan="2">
<RadioButton android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Business" />
<RadioButton android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Social" />
</RadioGroup>
<Button android:text="Ok" app:layout_column="1" />
<Button android:text="Cancel" app:layout_column="2" />
</android.support.v7.widget.GridLayout>
</LinearLayout>
ok,這裏咱們也貼出來上面圖片的效果的xml,使用GridLayout實現的,有興趣的能夠研究下。能夠看到咱們在佈局文件中定義了ToolBar。
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
Toolbar toolbar = (Toolbar) findViewById(R.id.id_toolbar);
setSupportActionBar(toolbar);
}
ok,基本就是先隱藏ActionBar,而後在佈局文件中聲明,最後代碼中設定一下。如今看一下效果圖:
能夠看到咱們的ToolBar顯示出來了,默認的Title爲ToolBar,可是這個樣式實在是不敢恭維,下面看咱們如何定製它。
首先給它一個nice的背景色,還記得前面的colorPrimary麼,用於控制ActionBar的背景色的。固然這裏咱們的ToolBar就是一個普通的ViewGroup在佈局中,因此咱們直接使用background就好,值能夠爲:?attr/colorPrimary
使用主題中定義的值。
ToolBar中包含Nav Icon , Logo , Title , Sub Title , Menu Items 。
咱們能夠經過代碼設置上述ToolBar中的控件:
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
Toolbar toolbar = (Toolbar) findViewById(R.id.id_toolbar);
// App Logo
toolbar.setLogo(R.mipmap.ic_launcher);
// Title
toolbar.setTitle("App Title");
// Sub Title
toolbar.setSubtitle("Sub title");
setSupportActionBar(toolbar);
//Navigation Icon
toolbar.setNavigationIcon(R.drawable.ic_toc_white_24dp);
}
可選方案
固然若是你喜歡,也能夠在佈局文件中去設置部分屬性:
<android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar android:id="@+id/id_toolbar" app:title="App Title" app:subtitle="Sub Title" app:navigationIcon="@drawable/ic_toc_white_24dp" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:minHeight="?attr/actionBarSize" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:background="?attr/colorPrimary"/>
至於Menu Item,依然支持在menu/menu_main.xml去聲明,而後複寫onCreateOptionsMenu
和onOptionsItemSelected
便可。
可選方案
也能夠經過toolbar.setOnMenuItemClickListener
實現點擊MenuItem的回調。
toolbar.setOnMenuItemClickListener(new Toolbar.OnMenuItemClickListener() {
@Override
public boolean onMenuItemClick(MenuItem item) {
return false;
}
});
效果圖:
關於字體的樣式,能夠在佈局文件設置屬性app:titleTextAppearance
、app:subtitleTextAppearance
或者代碼setTitleTextAppearance
、setSubTitleTextAppearance
設置。
簡單介紹了Toolbar之後呢,咱們決定作點有意思的事,整合ToolBar,DrawerLayout,ActionBarDrawerToggle寫個實用的例子,效果圖以下:
ok,簡單處理了下橫縱屏幕的切換。接下來看代碼實現。
總體實現仍是比較容易的,首先須要引入DrawerLayout(若是你對DrawerLayout不瞭解,能夠參考
Android DrawerLayout 高仿QQ5.2雙向側滑菜單),而後去初始化mActionBarDrawerToggle
,mActionBarDrawerToggle其實是個DrawerListener
,設置mDrawerLayout.setDrawerListener(mActionBarDrawerToggle);
就已經可以實現上面點擊Nav Icon切換效果了。固然了細節仍是挺多的。
咱們的效果圖,左側菜單爲Fragment,內容區域爲Fragment,點擊左側菜單切換內容區域的Fragment便可。關於Fragment的知識,能夠查看:Android Fragment 你應該知道的一切
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:background="#ffffffff" xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto">
<!--app:subtitle="Sub Title"-->
<android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar android:id="@+id/id_toolbar" app:title="App Title" app:navigationIcon="@drawable/ic_toc_white_24dp" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:minHeight="?attr/actionBarSize" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:background="?attr/colorPrimary" />
<android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout android:id="@+id/id_drawerlayout" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent">
<FrameLayout android:id="@+id/id_content_container" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"></FrameLayout>
<FrameLayout android:id="@+id/id_left_menu_container" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:layout_gravity="left" android:background="#ffffffff"></FrameLayout>
</android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout>
</LinearLayout>
DrawerLayout中包含兩個FrameLayout,分別放內容區域和左側菜單的Fragment。
package com.zhy.toolbar;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.support.v4.app.ListFragment;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.ListView;
/** * Created by zhy on 15/4/26. */
public class LeftMenuFragment extends ListFragment {
private static final int SIZE_MENU_ITEM = 3;
private MenuItem[] mItems = new MenuItem[SIZE_MENU_ITEM];
private LeftMenuAdapter mAdapter;
private LayoutInflater mInflater;
@Override
public void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
mInflater = LayoutInflater.from(getActivity());
MenuItem menuItem = null;
for (int i = 0; i < SIZE_MENU_ITEM; i++) {
menuItem = new MenuItem(getResources().getStringArray(R.array.array_left_menu)[i], false, R.drawable.music_36px, R.drawable.music_36px_light);
mItems[i] = menuItem;
}
}
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
return super.onCreateView(inflater, container, savedInstanceState);
}
@Override
public void onViewCreated(View view, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState);
setListAdapter(mAdapter = new LeftMenuAdapter(getActivity(), mItems));
}
@Override
public void onListItemClick(ListView l, View v, int position, long id) {
super.onListItemClick(l, v, position, id);
if (mMenuItemSelectedListener != null) {
mMenuItemSelectedListener.menuItemSelected(((MenuItem) getListAdapter().getItem(position)).text);
}
mAdapter.setSelected(position);
}
//選擇回調的接口
public interface OnMenuItemSelectedListener {
void menuItemSelected(String title);
}
private OnMenuItemSelectedListener mMenuItemSelectedListener;
public void setOnMenuItemSelectedListener(OnMenuItemSelectedListener menuItemSelectedListener) {
this.mMenuItemSelectedListener = menuItemSelectedListener;
}
}
繼承自ListFragment,主要用於展現各個Item,提供了一個選擇Item的回調,這個須要在Activity中去註冊處理。
package com.zhy.toolbar;
import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;
/** * Created by zhy on 15/4/26. */
public class LeftMenuAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<MenuItem> {
private LayoutInflater mInflater;
private int mSelected;
public LeftMenuAdapter(Context context, MenuItem[] objects) {
super(context, -1, objects);
mInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context);
}
@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
if (convertView == null) {
convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item_left_menu, parent, false);
}
ImageView iv = (ImageView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.id_item_icon);
TextView title = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.id_item_title);
title.setText(getItem(position).text);
iv.setImageResource(getItem(position).icon);
convertView.setBackgroundColor(Color.TRANSPARENT);
if (position == mSelected) {
iv.setImageResource(getItem(position).iconSelected);
convertView.setBackgroundColor(getContext().getResources().getColor(R.color.state_menu_item_selected));
}
return convertView;
}
public void setSelected(int position) {
this.mSelected = position;
notifyDataSetChanged();
}
}
package com.zhy.toolbar;
public class MenuItem {
public MenuItem(String text, boolean isSelected, int icon, int iconSelected) {
this.text = text;
this.isSelected = isSelected;
this.icon = icon;
this.iconSelected = iconSelected;
}
boolean isSelected;
String text;
int icon;
int iconSelected;
}
Adapter沒撒說的~~提供了一個setSection方法用於設置選中Item的樣式什麼的。
接下來看ContentFragment,僅僅只是一個TextView而已,因此代碼也比較easy。
package com.zhy.toolbar;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.view.Gravity;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.TextView;
/** * Created by zhy on 15/4/26. */
public class ContentFragment extends Fragment {
public static final String KEY_TITLE = "key_title";
private String mTitle;
public static ContentFragment newInstance(String title) {
ContentFragment fragment = new ContentFragment();
Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
bundle.putString(KEY_TITLE, title);
fragment.setArguments(bundle);
return fragment;
}
@Nullable
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container,
@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
TextView tv = new TextView(getActivity());
String title = (String) getArguments().get(KEY_TITLE);
if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(title))
{
tv.setGravity(Gravity.CENTER);
tv.setTextSize(40);
tv.setText(title);
}
return tv;
}
}
提供newInstance接收一個title參數去實例化它。
最後就是咱們的MainActivity了,負責管理各類Fragment。
package com.zhy.toolbar;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentManager;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentTransaction;
import android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout;
import android.support.v7.app.ActionBarDrawerToggle;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.view.Gravity;
import java.util.List;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private ActionBarDrawerToggle mActionBarDrawerToggle;
private DrawerLayout mDrawerLayout;
private Toolbar mToolbar;
private LeftMenuFragment mLeftMenuFragment;
private ContentFragment mCurrentFragment;
private String mTitle;
private static final String TAG = "com.zhy.toolbar";
private static final String KEY_TITLLE = "key_title";
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
initToolBar();
initViews();
//恢復title
restoreTitle(savedInstanceState);
FragmentManager fm = getSupportFragmentManager();
//查找當前顯示的Fragment
mCurrentFragment = (ContentFragment) fm.findFragmentByTag(mTitle);
if (mCurrentFragment == null) {
mCurrentFragment = ContentFragment.newInstance(mTitle);
fm.beginTransaction().add(R.id.id_content_container, mCurrentFragment, mTitle).commit();
}
mLeftMenuFragment = (LeftMenuFragment) fm.findFragmentById(R.id.id_left_menu_container);
if (mLeftMenuFragment == null) {
mLeftMenuFragment = new LeftMenuFragment();
fm.beginTransaction().add(R.id.id_left_menu_container, mLeftMenuFragment).commit();
}
//隱藏別的Fragment,若是存在的話
List<Fragment> fragments = fm.getFragments();
if (fragments != null)
for (Fragment fragment : fragments) {
if (fragment == mCurrentFragment || fragment == mLeftMenuFragment) continue;
fm.beginTransaction().hide(fragment).commit();
}
//設置MenuItem的選擇回調
mLeftMenuFragment.setOnMenuItemSelectedListener(new LeftMenuFragment.OnMenuItemSelectedListener() {
@Override
public void menuItemSelected(String title) {
FragmentManager fm = getSupportFragmentManager();
ContentFragment fragment = (ContentFragment) getSupportFragmentManager().findFragmentByTag(title);
if (fragment == mCurrentFragment) {
mDrawerLayout.closeDrawer(Gravity.LEFT);
return;
}
FragmentTransaction transaction = fm.beginTransaction();
transaction.hide(mCurrentFragment);
if (fragment == null) {
fragment = ContentFragment.newInstance(title);
transaction.add(R.id.id_content_container, fragment, title);
} else {
transaction.show(fragment);
}
transaction.commit();
mCurrentFragment = fragment;
mTitle = title;
mToolbar.setTitle(mTitle);
mDrawerLayout.closeDrawer(Gravity.LEFT);
}
});
}
private void restoreTitle(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
if (savedInstanceState != null)
mTitle = savedInstanceState.getString(KEY_TITLLE);
if (TextUtils.isEmpty(mTitle)) {
mTitle = getResources().getStringArray(
R.array.array_left_menu)[0];
}
mToolbar.setTitle(mTitle);
}
@Override
protected void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {
super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
outState.putString(KEY_TITLLE, mTitle);
}
private void initToolBar() {
Toolbar toolbar = mToolbar = (Toolbar) findViewById(R.id.id_toolbar);
// App Logo
// toolbar.setLogo(R.mipmap.ic_launcher);
// Title
toolbar.setTitle(getResources().getStringArray(R.array.array_left_menu)[0]);
// Sub Title
// toolbar.setSubtitle("Sub title");
// toolbar.setTitleTextAppearance();
setSupportActionBar(toolbar);
//Navigation Icon
toolbar.setNavigationIcon(R.drawable.ic_toc_white_24dp);
/* toolbar.setOnMenuItemClickListener(new Toolbar.OnMenuItemClickListener() { @Override public boolean onMenuItemClick(MenuItem item) { return false; } });*/
}
private void initViews() {
mDrawerLayout = (DrawerLayout) findViewById(R.id.id_drawerlayout);
mActionBarDrawerToggle = new ActionBarDrawerToggle(this,
mDrawerLayout, mToolbar, R.string.open, R.string.close);
mActionBarDrawerToggle.syncState();
mDrawerLayout.setDrawerListener(mActionBarDrawerToggle);
}
}
內容區域的切換是經過Fragment hide和show實現的,畢竟若是用replace,若是Fragment的view結構比較複雜,可能會有卡頓。固然了,注意每一個Fragment佔據的內存狀況,若是內存不足,可能須要改變實現方式。
對於旋轉屏幕或者應用長時間置於後臺,Activity重建的問題,作了簡單的處理。
對了,寫佈局的時候,能夠儘量的去考慮 Material design 的規範。
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