Mysql用戶管理、經常使用SQL語句及數據庫的備份與恢復

時間 2020-02-04

標籤 mysql 用戶管理經常使用 sql 語句數據庫備份恢復欄目 MySQL 简体版

原文原文鏈接

本文索引：mysql

MySQL用戶管理
經常使用SQL語句
數據庫的備份與恢復

MySQL用戶管理

建立用戶

指定具體ip

# 這裏指定了具體的ip
# *.*：第一個*表示任意的數據庫，第二個*表示任意表
mysql> grant all on *.* to 'test1'@'127.0.0.1' identified by '1234456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

不指定ip沒法登陸sql

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -utest1 -p123456
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'test1'@'localhost' (using password: YES)

-h指定ip後成功登陸數據庫

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -utest1 -p123456 -h127.0.0.1
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> quit
Bye

限制命令

# 對test2用戶只給予SELECT,UPDATE,INSERT權限
mysql> grant SELECT,UPDATE,INSERT on db1.* to 'test2'@'192.168.65.1' identified by '111';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

# 查看test2@'192.168.65.1'的權限
mysql> show grants for test2@'192.168.65.1';
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for test2@192.168.65.1                                                                                   |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'test2'@'192.168.65.1' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*832EB84CB764129D05D498ED9CA7E5CE9B8F83EB' |
| GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE ON `db1`.* TO 'test2'@'192.168.65.1'                                               |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

任意ip

# %表示任意的意思
mysql> grant all on db1.* to 'test3'@'%' identified by '111';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show grants for test3;
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for test3@%                                                                                   |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'test3'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*832EB84CB764129D05D498ED9CA7E5CE9B8F83EB' |
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `db1`.* TO 'test3'@'%'                                                       |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

同一個用戶指定多個ip

# 這裏以test2爲例
# 經過show grants命令查看建立命令，其內的密碼時加密後的，這裏咱們沒法使用下列的命令直接建立
# grant SELECT,UPDATE,INSERT on db1.* to 'test2'@'192.168.65.2' identified by '*832EB84CB764129D05D498ED9CA7E5CE9B8F83EB';
# 可是咱們能夠經過修改顯示出的命令，實現建立目的

mysql> show grants for test2@'192.168.65.1';
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for test2@192.168.65.1                                                                                   |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'test2'@'192.168.65.1' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*832EB84CB764129D05D498ED9CA7E5CE9B8F83EB' |
| GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE ON `db1`.* TO 'test2'@'192.168.65.1'                                               |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

# 將查看到的命令進行修改，以下所示
mysql> GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'test2'@'192.168.65.2' IDENTIFIED BY  PASSWORD '*832EB84CB764129D05D498ED9CA7E5CE9B8F83EB';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE ON `db1`.* TO 'test2'@'192.168.65.2';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

# 能夠查看密碼並無修改
mysql> show grants for test2@'192.168.65.2';
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for test2@192.168.65.2                                                                                   |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'test2'@'192.168.65.2' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*832EB84CB764129D05D498ED9CA7E5CE9B8F83EB' |
| GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE ON `db1`.* TO 'test2'@'192.168.65.2'                                               |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

簡單經常使用SQL語句

查看錶內的行數

mysql> select count(*) from mysql.user;
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
|       11 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.03 sec)

獲取表的內容

mysql> select * from mysql.db;
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+------------+------------+-----------------------+------------------+------------------+----------------+---------------------+--------------------+--------------+------------+--------------+
| Host         | Db      | User  | Select_priv | Insert_priv | Update_priv | Delete_priv | Create_priv | Drop_priv | Grant_priv | References_priv | Index_priv | Alter_priv | Create_tmp_table_priv | Lock_tables_priv | Create_view_priv | Show_view_priv | Create_routine_priv | Alter_routine_priv | Execute_priv | Event_priv | Trigger_priv |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+------------+------------+-----------------------+------------------+------------------+----------------+---------------------+--------------------+--------------+------------+--------------+
| %            | test    |       | Y           | Y           | Y           | Y           | Y           | Y         | N          | Y               | Y          | Y          | Y                     | Y                | Y                | Y              | Y                   | N                  | N            | Y          | Y            |
| %            | test\_% |       | Y           | Y           | Y           | Y           | Y           | Y         | N          | Y               | Y          | Y          | Y                     | Y                | Y                | Y              | Y                   | N                  | N            | Y          | Y            |
| 192.168.65.1 | db1     | test2 | Y           | Y           | Y           | N           | N           | N         | N          | N               | N          | N          | N                     | N                | N                | N              | N                   | N                  | N            | N          | N            |
| 192.168.65.2 | db1     | test2 | Y           | Y           | Y           | N           | N           | N         | N          | N               | N          | N          | N                     | N                | N                | N              | N                   | N                  | N            | N          | N            |
| %            | db1     | test3 | Y           | Y           | Y           | Y           | Y           | Y         | N          | Y               | Y          | Y          | Y                     | Y                | Y                | Y              | Y                   | Y                  | Y            | Y          | Y            |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+------------+------------+-----------------------+------------------+------------------+----------------+---------------------+--------------------+--------------+------------+--------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

# 使用\G代替;，使顯示更規整
mysql> select * from mysql.db\G

查看錶的字段

# 查看錶的某個字段
mysql> select db from mysql.db;
+---------+
| db      |
+---------+
| db1     |
| test    |
| test\_% |
| db1     |
| db1     |
+---------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

# 查看錶的多個字段，字段間使用，分割
mysql> select db,user from mysql.db;
+---------+-------+
| db      | user  |
+---------+-------+
| db1     | test3 |
| test    |       |
| test\_% |       |
| db1     | test2 |
| db1     | test2 |
+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

查看指定ip/ip範圍的字段

# like表示模糊匹配，這裏%能夠是1-255的任意一個
mysql> select * from mysql.db where host like '192.168.65.%';
+--------------+-----+-------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+------------+------------+-----------------------+------------------+------------------+----------------+---------------------+--------------------+--------------+------------+--------------+
| Host         | Db  | User  | Select_priv | Insert_priv | Update_priv | Delete_priv | Create_priv | Drop_priv | Grant_priv | References_priv | Index_priv | Alter_priv | Create_tmp_table_priv | Lock_tables_priv | Create_view_priv | Show_view_priv | Create_routine_priv | Alter_routine_priv | Execute_priv | Event_priv | Trigger_priv |
+--------------+-----+-------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+------------+------------+-----------------------+------------------+------------------+----------------+---------------------+--------------------+--------------+------------+--------------+
| 192.168.65.1 | db1 | test2 | Y           | Y           | Y           | N           | N           | N         | N          | N               | N          | N          | N                     | N                | N                | N              | N                   | N                  | N            | N          | N            |
| 192.168.65.2 | db1 | test2 | Y           | Y           | Y           | N           | N           | N         | N          | N               | N          | N          | N                     | N                | N                | N              | N                   | N                  | N            | N          | N            |
+--------------+-----+-------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+------------+------------+-----------------------+------------------+------------------+----------------+---------------------+--------------------+--------------+------------+--------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from mysql.db where host like '192.168.65.%'\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
                 Host: 192.168.65.1
                   Db: db1
                 User: test2
          Select_priv: Y
          Insert_priv: Y
          Update_priv: Y
          Delete_priv: N
          Create_priv: N
            Drop_priv: N
           Grant_priv: N
      References_priv: N
           Index_priv: N
           Alter_priv: N
Create_tmp_table_priv: N
     Lock_tables_priv: N
     Create_view_priv: N
       Show_view_priv: N
  Create_routine_priv: N
   Alter_routine_priv: N
         Execute_priv: N
           Event_priv: N
         Trigger_priv: N
*************************** 2. row ***************************
                 Host: 192.168.65.2
                   Db: db1
                 User: test2
          Select_priv: Y
          Insert_priv: Y
          Update_priv: Y
          Delete_priv: N
          Create_priv: N
            Drop_priv: N
           Grant_priv: N
      References_priv: N
           Index_priv: N
           Alter_priv: N
Create_tmp_table_priv: N
     Lock_tables_priv: N
     Create_view_priv: N
       Show_view_priv: N
  Create_routine_priv: N
   Alter_routine_priv: N
         Execute_priv: N
           Event_priv: N
         Trigger_priv: N
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into db1.t1 values (1, 'abc');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)

插入內容: insert

mysql> select * from db1.t1;
+------+------+
| id   | name |
+------+------+
|    1 | abc  |
+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into db1.t1 values (1, 234);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from db1.t1;
+------+------+
| id   | name |
+------+------+
|    1 | abc  |
|    1 | 234  |
+------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

修改內容：update

# 根據id字段修改name字段
mysql> update db1.t1 set name='aaa' where id=1;
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 2  Changed: 2  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from db1.t1;
+------+------+
| id   | name |
+------+------+
|    1 | aaa  |
|    1 | aaa  |
+------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

# 根據name字段修改id字段
mysql> update db1.t1 set id=8 where name='abc';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from db1.t1;
+------+------+
| id   | name |
+------+------+
|    1 | 234  |
|    8 | abc  |
+------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

清空表內數據（表的結果爲刪除）

mysql> truncate db1.t1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from db1.t1;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> desc db1.t1;
+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type     | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id    | int(4)   | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| name  | char(40) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

刪除表內的某些數據

mysql> delete from db1.t1 where id=2;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> delete from db1.t1 where id=1;
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.01 sec)

刪除操做：drop

# 刪除表
mysql> drop table db1.t1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from db1.t1;
ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'db1.t1' doesn't exist

# 刪除數據庫
mysql> drop database db1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
mysql> use db1;
ERROR 1049 (42000): Unknown database 'db1'

做爲運維人員，truncate、drop、delete等刪除命令不能隨意使用，極易形成數據的丟失。運維

MySQL數據庫的備份與恢復

備份庫

mysqldump -uroot -p123456 mysql > /tmp/mysql.sql

恢復庫

mysql -uroot -p123456 mysql < /tmp/mysql.sql

備份表

mysqldump -uroot -p123456 mysql user > /tmp/user.sql

恢復表

mysql -uroot -p123456 mysql < /tmp/user.sql

備份全部庫

mysqldump -uroot -p -A > /tmp/123.sql

只備份表結構

mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -d mysql > /tmp/mysql.sql

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