Android經常使用架構之MVP

MVC由Model、View、Control組成。
Model數據模型,提供數據
View視圖模型,提供視圖展現
Control控制器,負責控制Model和View通訊java

MVC在Android中的應用,以下圖,Activity爲Control,XML爲View,請求網絡數據模塊爲Model。View箭頭指向Control意爲傳遞數據,那就是Control獲取View的數據傳遞給Model來請求網絡,請求到的數據直接傳遞給View來顯示,這是一條主線。還有一條就是底部這兩個箭頭,也就是說Model能夠不經過Control,直接獲取View的數據,而後再返回結果數據給View。react

MVP由Model、View、Presenter組成。
Model數據模型,提供數據
View視圖模型,提供視圖展現
Presenter主持者,負責邏輯處理android

MVP與MVC最明顯的區別就在於Presenter和Control了。以下圖,Presenter傳遞數據給Model,Model獲得數據來請求網絡,再返回數據給Presenter,Presenter再把獲得的Model數據傳遞給View顯示。MVP總體的一個流程就是這樣。相比MVC來講,Model和View互相不干涉,達到徹底解耦緩存

估計上面文字性的解釋都聽得有點暈,那咱們就拿個例子來實戰一下吧網絡

下面和你們一塊兒完成一個簡單查詢快遞信息的例子,裏面用到了當下最流行的架構RxJava+Retrofit+MVP+OkHttp,很是值得你們一學架構

配置環境

在builde.gradle裏面添加app

compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:23.3.0'
compile 'com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:2.1.0'
compile 'com.squareup.retrofit2:adapter-rxjava:2.1.0'
compile 'com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-gson:2.1.0'
compile 'com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:3.4.1'
compile 'io.reactivex:rxandroid:1.2.1'
compile 'io.reactivex:rxjava:1.1.6'
compile 'com.squareup.okhttp3:logging-interceptor:3.4.1'

在AndroidManifest.xml添加所需權限異步

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>

初始化配置Retrofit

public class MainApp extends Application {
    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
        //初始化retrofitUtils
        RetrofitUtils.getInstance().initOkHttp(this);
    }
}

在MainApp中初始化Retrofit,設置超時和baseUrl,添加了日誌攔截以及RxJava和數據解析,並暴露一個getRetrofit()方法供須要的地方調用ide

public class RetrofitUtils {
    private Retrofit retrofit;
    private String baseUrl = "http://www.kuaidi100.com/";
    private static class SingleLoader{
        private static final RetrofitUtils INSTANCE = new RetrofitUtils();
    }
    public static RetrofitUtils getInstance(){
        return SingleLoader.INSTANCE;
    }
    public void initOkHttp(@NonNull Context context){
        HttpLoggingInterceptor interceptor = new HttpLoggingInterceptor();
        interceptor.setLevel(HttpLoggingInterceptor.Level.BODY);
        OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
                .connectTimeout(10000L,TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)       //設置鏈接超時
                .readTimeout(10000L,TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)          //設置讀取超時
                .writeTimeout(10000L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)         //設置寫入超時
                .cache(new Cache(context.getCacheDir(),10 * 1024 * 1024))   //設置緩存目錄和10M緩存
                .addInterceptor(interceptor)    //添加日誌攔截器(該方法也能夠設置公共參數,頭信息)
                .build();
        retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
                .client(client)        //設置OkHttp
                .baseUrl(baseUrl)
                .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create()) //  添加數據解析ConverterFactory
                .addCallAdapterFactory(RxJavaCallAdapterFactory.create())   //添加RxJava
                .build();
    }
    public Retrofit getRetrofit(){
        return retrofit;
    }
}

Model

public interface PostSearchModel {
    /**
     * 請求快遞信息
     * @param type 快遞類型
     * @param postid 快遞單號
     * @param callback 結果回調
     */
    void requestPostSearch(String type,String postid,PostSearchCallback callback);
    interface PostSearchCallback{
        void requestPostSearchSuccess(PostQueryInfo postQueryInfo);
        void requestPostSearchFail(String failStr);
    }
}

建立這個PostSearchModel接口,方便後期能夠不修改以前代碼靈活切換多種實現方式函數

public interface PostServiceBiz {
    @POST("query")
    Observable<PostQueryInfo> searchRx(@Query("type") String type, @Query("postid") String postid);
}
public class PostQueryInfo {
    private String message;
    private String nu;
    private String ischeck;
    private String com;
    private String status;
    private String condition;
    private String state;
    private List<DataBean> data;
    public static class DataBean {
        private String time;
        private String context;
        private String ftime;
    }
}

PostQueryInfo沒有添加get和set方法,你們自行快捷鍵了
PostSearchModelImpl實現上面PostSearchModel接口,利用上一篇文章裏學的Retrofit結合RxJava來請求網絡
這裏傳了PostSearchCallback回調函數,成功或者失敗都經過回調函數返回,徹底不須要考慮其它

public class PostSearchModelImpl implements PostSearchModel {
    @Override
    public void requestPostSearch(String type, String postid, final PostSearchCallback callback) {
        RetrofitUtils.getInstance()
                .getRetrofit()
                .create(PostServiceBiz.class)
                .searchRx(type,postid)
                //訪問網絡切換異步線程
                .subscribeOn(Schedulers.io())
                //響應結果處理切換成主線程
                .observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread())
                .subscribe(new Subscriber<PostQueryInfo>() {
                    @Override
                    public void onCompleted() {
                        //請求結束回調
                    }
                    @Override
                    public void onError(Throwable e) {
                        //錯誤回調
                        callback.requestPostSearchFail(e.getMessage());
                    }
                    @Override
                    public void onNext(PostQueryInfo postQueryInfo) {
                        //成功結果返回
                        callback.requestPostSearchSuccess(postQueryInfo);
                    }
                });
    }
}

View

activity_main.xml主界面佈局

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:padding="16dp"
    tools:context=".ui.MainActivity"
    android:orientation="vertical">
    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="horizontal">
        <TextView
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="快遞公司名:"/>
        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/post_name_et"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="yuantong"/>
    </LinearLayout>
    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="horizontal">
        <TextView
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="快 遞  單 號:"
            />
        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/post_id_et"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="500379523313"/>
    </LinearLayout>
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/post_search_bn"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="查詢"/>
    <ListView
        android:id="@+id/post_list_lv"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:listSelector="@null"
        android:background="@null"/>
</LinearLayout>

view_item_logistics.xml
listview適配器的item佈局

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:background="#FFFFFF"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:padding="15dp">
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_conent"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:textColor="#8f8f8f"
        android:textSize="14sp"
        android:text="【深圳市】廣東分公司已出發" />
    <TextView
        android:layout_marginTop="13dp"
        android:id="@+id/tv_date"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:textColor="#8f8f8f"
        android:textSize="12sp"
        android:layout_marginBottom="13dp"
        android:paddingLeft="6dp"
        android:text="2016-05-03 18:23" />
</LinearLayout>

ListView適配器

public class LogisticsAdapter extends BaseAdapter {
    private List<PostQueryInfo.DataBean> datas;
    private LayoutInflater inflater;
    public LogisticsAdapter(Context context, List<PostQueryInfo.DataBean> datas) {
        this.datas = datas;
        inflater = LayoutInflater.from(context);
    }
    @Override
    public View getView(int i, View view, ViewGroup viewGroup) {
        PostQueryInfo.DataBean data = datas.get(i);
        view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.view_item_logistics, null);
        TextView tv_content= (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.tv_conent);
        TextView tv_date= (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.tv_date);
        tv_content.setText(data.getContext().replace("[","【").replace("]","】"));
        tv_date.setText(data.getTime());
        return view;
    }
    @Override
    public int getCount() {
        return datas != null ? datas.size() : 0;
    }
    @Override
    public Object getItem(int i) {
        return datas.get(i);
    }
    @Override
    public long getItemId(int i) {
        return i;
    }
}

BaseView提供通用顯示和隱藏加載框,若是有通用的方法均可以在寫在這裏面

public interface BaseView {
    void showProgressDialog();    
    void hideProgressDialog();
}

MainView接口繼承提供MainActivity全部須要更新界面UI的方法

public interface MainView extends BaseView{
    void updateListUI(PostQueryInfo postQueryInfo);
    void errorToast(String message);
}

BaseActivity實現BaseVew全部接口方法

public class BaseActivity extends Activity implements BaseView{
    private ProgressDialog progressDialog;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState){
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        progressDialog = new ProgressDialog(this);
        progressDialog.setMessage("查詢中...");
    }
    @Override
    public void showProgressDialog(){
        if(progressDialog!=null){
            progressDialog.show();
        }
    }
    @Override
    public void hideProgressDialog(){
        if(progressDialog!=null&&progressDialog.isShowing()){
            progressDialog.dismiss(); 
       }
    }
}

MainActivity繼承BaseActivity實現MainView全部方法供PostPresenter調用,點擊查詢按鈕經過實例化的PostPresenter,調用相關方法,後面的事情就所有交給PostPresenter去處理了,在activity銷燬的時候調用postPresenter.detach()防止內存泄漏

public class MainActivity extends BaseActivity implements View.OnClickListener, MainView {
    private EditText post_name_et;
    private EditText post_id_et;
    private ListView post_list_lv;
    private Button post_search_bn;
    private PostPresenter postPresenter;
    private List<PostQueryInfo.DataBean> dataArray = new ArrayList<>();
    private LogisticsAdapter logisticsAdapter;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState){
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        initView();
        initData();
        initEvent();
    }
    private void initView() {
        post_name_et = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.post_name_et);
        post_id_et = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.post_id_et);
        post_list_lv = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.post_list_lv);
        post_search_bn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.post_search_bn);
    }
    private void initData() {
        logisticsAdapter = new LogisticsAdapter(getApplicationContext(),dataArray);
        postPresenter = new PostPresenter(this);
        post_list_lv.setAdapter(logisticsAdapter);
    }
    private void initEvent() {
        post_search_bn.setOnClickListener(this);
    }
    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        switch(v.getId()){
            case R.id.post_search_bn:
           postPresenter.requestHomeData(post_name_et.getText().toString(),post_id_et.getText().toString());
                break;
        }
    }
    @Override
    public void updateListUI(PostQueryInfo postQueryInfo) {
        dataArray.clear();
        dataArray.addAll(postQueryInfo.getData());
        logisticsAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
    }
    @Override
    public void errorToast(String message) {
        Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),message,Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
    }
    @Override
    protected void onDestroy(){
        //防止activity銷燬,postPresenter對象還存在形成的內存泄漏
        if(postPresenter!=null) postPresenter.detach();
        super.onDestroy();
    }
}

Presenter

BasePresenter基類,提供了一個通用view對象,以及初始化和銷燬view對象的方法

public abstract class BasePresenter<T>{
    public T mView;
    public void attach(T view){
        this.mView = view;
    }
    public void detach(){
        mView = null;
    }
}

PostPresenter在構造函數中經過基類attach的方法初始化MainActivity提供的view對象,實例化PostSearchModelImpl對象,經過它提供的方法來請求網絡數據,在成功和失敗回調的函數裏,能夠作一些邏輯處理,經過view對象更新相應的UI

public class PostPresenter extends BasePresenter<MainView>{
    private PostSearchModel postSearchModel;
    public PostPresenter(MainView mainView){
        attach(mainView);
        postSearchModel = new PostSearchModelImpl();
    }
    public void requestHomeData(String type,String postid){
        if(postSearchModel == null||mView == null)
            return;
        mView.showProgressDialog();
        postSearchModel.requestPostSearch(type, postid, new PostSearchModel.PostSearchCallback() {
            @Override
            public void requestPostSearchSuccess(PostQueryInfo postQueryInfo) {
                mView.hideProgressDialog();
                if(postQueryInfo!=null&&"ok".equals(postQueryInfo.getMessage())) {
                    mView.updateListUI(postQueryInfo);
                }
            }
            @Override
            public void requestPostSearchFail(String failStr) {
                mView.hideProgressDialog();
                mView.errorToast(failStr);
            }
        });
    }
}

到這裏所有代碼基本都已編寫完,代碼的結構以下圖:

下面就運行程序看看效果吧,快遞公司名和快遞單號默認填寫上去了,你們只須要點擊查詢,結果和下面圖片同樣就說明成功了

爲何沒有直接提供一個能夠運行的DEMO出來,緣由很簡單就是但願你們可以跟着一步一步學習,而後動手慢慢邊敲代碼邊理解,最後敲完運行成功,應該就會更加理解MVP了。

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