Promise的核心思想是表明異步操做的一個結果,而且promise具備三個狀態(pending初始狀態,fulfilled成功狀態,rejected失敗狀態)。咱們能夠理解爲使用promise能夠實現非阻塞io的功能,根據三個不一樣的狀態,咱們能夠知道回調函數實如今哪一個過程。segmentfault
源碼分析:api
1 this.then = function(onFulfilled) { 2 if (typeof onFulfilled !== "function") return this; 3 return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { 4 asap(function() { 5 try { 6 resolve(onFulfilled(value)); 7 } catch (ex) { 8 reject(ex); 9 } 10 }); 11 }); 12 }; 13 14 this.then = function(onFulfilled, onRejected) { 15 return new self.constructor(function(resolve, reject) { 16 handle(new Handler(onFulfilled, onRejected, resolve, reject)); 17 }); 18 }; 19 20 ValuePromise.prototype = Promise.prototype;
咱們知道.then先是以對象的屬性實現的方法,隨後是以繼承的方式實現的方法,因此then方法能夠具備一個參數.then(onFulfilled),又可具備二個參數.then(onFulfilled,onRejected),第一個參數爲操做成功的回調函數,而且第二個參數是操做失敗的回調函數,而後從上面的handle方法能夠看出then的二個參數以數組對象的形式保存在一個隊列(deferreds)裏面,而後從隊列裏面處理then方法。數組
例子(略因爲非鏈式每次都是promise迭代而已):promise
1 // 新建一個返回promise對象的函數 2 var p1 = function constructorpromise (a) { 3 return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { 4 resolve(1) 5 }); 6 } 7 8 // 實現鏈式調用 9 var con = constructorpromise(2) 10 con 11 .then(function(a) { 12 var second = document.getElementsByClassName('part-second')[0] 13 second.innerText = a 14 return a + 2 15 }) 16 .then(function(b) { 17 var first = document.getElementsByClassName('part-first')[0] 18 first.innerText = b 19 })
注意以上有二個then方法實現的回調,第一個then方法調用傳參是從promise中resolve回調傳入的參數值1,第二個then方法調用傳參是上一個then方法內部return傳遞下來的值3(return a +2),所以第二個then參數得到的結果爲3。(切記:若是是鏈式調用then,那麼從第二個then開始的參數都是從上一個then的返回的結果,若是上一個then沒有return,那麼下一個then的參數爲undefined)異步
源碼分析:函數
1 Promise.all = function(arr) { 2 var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arr); 3 return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { 4 if (args.length === 0) return resolve([]); 5 var remaining = args.length; 6 function res(i, val) { 7 try { 8 if (val && (typeof val === "object" || typeof val === "function")) { 9 var then = val.then; 10 if (typeof then === "function") { 11 then.call(val, function(val) { 12 res(i, val); 13 }, reject); 14 return; 15 } 16 } 17 args[i] = val; 18 if (--remaining === 0) { 19 resolve(args); 20 } 21 } catch (ex) { 22 reject(ex); 23 } 24 } 25 for (var i = 0; i < args.length; i++) { 26 res(i, args[i]); 27 } 28 }); 29 };
從以上能夠看出,當all的方法內參數爲空時(args.length === 0),就會返回一個resolve方法的迭代對象。若是不爲空,且all方法的數組上也不是promise時,那麼就會輸出值args[i] = val;也就是說返回初始值pending。若是all方法的數組項是promise時,就會回調resolve()並返回每一項的結果。源碼分析
例子:this
1 var promise = Promise.resolve(3); 2 Promise.all([true, promise]).then(values => { 3 console.log(values); // [true, 3] 4 });
源碼分析:spa
1 Promise.race = function(values) { 2 return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { 3 values.forEach(function(value) { 4 Promise.resolve(value).then(resolve, reject); 5 }); 6 }); 7 };
其實.race方法內部的數組每一項若是都用promise的resolve方法實現的迭代,那麼數組內每一項promise的狀態都會發生改變,就像race英文的意思"賽跑,競爭",表示promise哪一項先執行resolve回調,哪一項promise就會先執行回調函數並返回resolve結果。prototype
例子:
1 var p1 = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { 2 setTimeout(resolve, 500, "one"); 3 }); 4 var p2 = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { 5 setTimeout(resolve, 100, "two"); 6 }); 7 8 Promise.race([p1, p2]).then(function(value) { 9 console.log(value); // "two" 10 // Both resolve, but p2 is faster 11 });
參考:
https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise/all
https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise#參見
https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000007032448#articleHeader10
https://www.promisejs.org/api/