Spring Boot 自動配置之@EnableAutoConfiguration

Spring Boot 啓動類上一個 @SpringBootApplication 註解是

• @SpringBootConfiguration
• @EnableAutoConfiguration
• @ComponentScan

三個註解組成的一個複合註解。其中 @SpringBootConfiguration 其實也是和@Configuration 註解組成的一個組合註解，功能也是和 @Configuration 相同；@ComponentScan 這個註解是標註須要掃描的包。今天着重說一下 @EnableAutoConfiguration 註解。

---

其實 @EnableAutoConfiguration 註解也和其它 @Enable* 註解一脈相乘的，簡單說一下就是藉助 @Import 的支持，收集和註冊特定場景相關的Bean的定義：好比：@EnableAspectJAutoProxy 就是經過@Import 註解動態的將Bean註冊到 SpringIoc 容器中，而@EnableAutoConfiguration 是藉助 @Import 把全部符合條件的 Bean 加載到 SpringIoc 容器中。

參看上一篇文章 Spring Boot 自動配置之@Enable*與@Import註解

一、@EnableAutoConfiguration 也是一個組合註解

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {

	String ENABLED_OVERRIDE_PROPERTY = "spring.boot.enableautoconfiguration";

	Class<?>[] exclude() default {};
	
	String[] excludeName() default {};

}
複製代碼

其中最重要的是 @Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)註解。藉助AutoConfigurationImportSelector ，@EnableAutoConfiguration 幫助Spring Boot 應用將全部符合條件的 @Configuration 配置加載到當前IoC容器中。而最主要的仍是藉助於 Spring 框架一的一個工具類：SpringFactoriesLoader 將 META-INF/spring.factories加載配置，spring.factories 文件是一個典型的properties配置文件，配置的格式仍然是Key = Value 的形式，中不過 Key 和 Value 都是Java的完整類名。好比：org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryFactorySupport=org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.support.JpaRepositoryFactory

二、AutoConfigurationImportSelector 源碼

@Override
	public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
		if (!isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
			return NO_IMPORTS;
		}
		AutoConfigurationMetadata autoConfigurationMetadata = AutoConfigurationMetadataLoader
				.loadMetadata(this.beanClassLoader); //1
		AutoConfigurationEntry autoConfigurationEntry = getAutoConfigurationEntry(
				autoConfigurationMetadata, annotationMetadata); //2
		return StringUtils.toStringArray(autoConfigurationEntry.getConfigurations());
	}

複製代碼

• 1.獲取註解信息
• 2.獲取全部配置列表

其中 AutoConfigurationMetadataLoader.loadMetadata方法源碼

public static AutoConfigurationMetadata loadMetadata(ClassLoader classLoader) {
		return loadMetadata(classLoader, PATH);
	}

	static AutoConfigurationMetadata loadMetadata(ClassLoader classLoader, String path) {
		try {
			Enumeration<URL> urls = (classLoader != null) ? classLoader.getResources(path)
					: ClassLoader.getSystemResources(path);
			Properties properties = new Properties();
			while (urls.hasMoreElements()) {
				properties.putAll(PropertiesLoaderUtils
						.loadProperties(new UrlResource(urls.nextElement())));
			}
			return loadMetadata(properties);
		}
		catch (IOException ex) {
			throw new IllegalArgumentException(
					"Unable to load @ConditionalOnClass location [" + path + "]", ex);
		}
	}
複製代碼

getAutoConfigurationEntry 方法：

protected AutoConfigurationEntry getAutoConfigurationEntry( AutoConfigurationMetadata autoConfigurationMetadata, AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
		if (!isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
			return EMPTY_ENTRY;
		}
		//1.
		AnnotationAttributes attributes = getAttributes(annotationMetadata);
		//2.
		List<String> configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata,
				attributes);
	    //3.
		configurations = removeDuplicates(configurations);
		//4.
		Set<String> exclusions = getExclusions(annotationMetadata, attributes);
		checkExcludedClasses(configurations, exclusions);
		configurations.removeAll(exclusions);
		configurations = filter(configurations, autoConfigurationMetadata);
		//5.
		fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(configurations, exclusions);
		return new AutoConfigurationEntry(configurations, exclusions);
	}

複製代碼

• 1.獲取註解上全部屬性信息
• 2.獲取候選配置列表 [核心步驟]

  protected List<String> getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata, AnnotationAttributes attributes) {
  	List<String> configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(
  			getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(), getBeanClassLoader());
  	Assert.notEmpty(configurations,
  			"No auto configuration classes found in META-INF/spring.factories. If you "
  					+ "are using a custom packaging, make sure that file is correct.");
  	return configurations;
  }
  複製代碼

  經過SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames獲取配置信息
• 3.去重
• 4.配置exclude 信息去除不須要的
• 5.派發事件