[LeetCode] 920. Number of Music Playlists 音樂播放列表的個數



Your music player contains N different songs and she wants to listen to L (not necessarily different) songs during your trip.  You create a playlist so that:html

  • Every song is played at least once
  • A song can only be played again only if K other songs have been played

Return the number of possible playlists.  As the answer can be very large, return it modulo 10^9 + 7.git

Example 1:github

Input: N = 3, L = 3, K = 1
Output: 6
Explanation: There are 6 possible playlists. [1, 2, 3], [1, 3, 2], [2, 1, 3], [2, 3, 1], [3, 1, 2], [3, 2, 1].

Example 2:數組

Input: N = 2, L = 3, K = 0
Output: 6 Explanation: There are 6 possible playlists. [1, 1, 2], [1, 2, 1], [2, 1, 1], [2, 2, 1], [2, 1, 2], [1, 2, 2]

Example 3:code

Input: N = 2, L = 3, K = 1
Output: 2
Explanation: There are 2 possible playlists. [1, 2, 1], [2, 1, 2]

Note:htm

  1. 0 <= K < N <= L <= 100



這道題說是一個音樂播放器有N首歌,有個她想聽L首歌(能夠有重複),但須要知足兩個條件,一個是每首歌都必須至少播放1次,第二個是兩首重複歌的中間至少要有K首其餘的歌。提示告終果可能很是巨大,須要對一個超大數取餘。對於這類結果超大的數,基本不用懷疑,基本都是用動態規劃 Dynamic Programming 來作,這裏主要參考了 大神 optimisea 的帖子。首先就是要肯定 dp 的定義式,顯然這裏一維的 dp 數組是罩不住的,由於貌似有三個參數,N,L 和 K。可是否意味着須要個三維數組呢,其實也不用,並不關心全部的K值,可是對於N和L是必需要關注的,這裏用一個二維 dp 數組,其中 dp[i][j] 表示總共放了i首歌,其中j首是不一樣的。下面來考慮狀態轉移方程,在加入一首歌的時候,此時有兩種狀況:blog

  • 當加入的是一首新歌,則表示以前的 i-1 首歌中有 j-1 首不一樣的歌曲,其全部的組合狀況均可以加上這首新歌,那麼當前其實有 N-(j-1) 首新歌能夠選。
  • 當加入的是一首重複的歌,則表示以前的 i-1 首歌中已經有了 j 首不一樣的歌,那麼若沒有K的限制,則當前有 j 首重複的歌能夠選。可是如今有了K的限制,意思是兩首重複歌中間必需要有K首其餘的歌,則當前只有 j-K 首能夠選。而當 j<K 時,其實這種狀況是爲0的。

綜上所述能夠獲得狀態轉移方程:ip


dp[i-1][j-1]*(N-(j-1)) + dp[i-1][j]*(j-k)    (j > K)
           /
dp[i][j] = 
           \
            dp[i-1][j-1]*(N-(j-1))   (j <= K)



參見代碼以下:leetcode


class Solution {
public:
    int numMusicPlaylists(int N, int L, int K) {
        int M = 1e9 + 7;
        vector<vector<long>> dp(L + 1, vector<long>(N + 1));
        dp[0][0] = 1;
        for (int i = 1; i <= L; ++i) {
            for (int j = 1; j <= N; ++j) {
                dp[i][j] = (dp[i - 1][j - 1] * (N - (j - 1))) % M;
                if (j > K) {
                    dp[i][j] = (dp[i][j] + dp[i - 1][j] * (j - K) % M) % M;
                }
            }
        }
        return dp[L][N];
    }
};



Github 同步地址:get

https://github.com/grandyang/leetcode/issues/920



參考資料:

https://leetcode.com/problems/number-of-music-playlists/

https://leetcode.com/problems/number-of-music-playlists/discuss/178415/C%2B%2BJavaPython-DP-Solution

https://leetcode.com/problems/number-of-music-playlists/discuss/180338/DP-solution-that-is-Easy-to-understand



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