$ psql -U postgres psql (9.4.4) Type "help" for help. postgres=# select version(); version --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PostgreSQL 9.4.4 on x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (GCC) 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-11), 64-bit (1 row) postgres=# \dt No relations found. postgres=# revoke select on all tables in schema public from public; REVOKE
咱們都知道,超級用戶的權限太大了,爲了數據庫的安全,對於非管理員帳號,須要建立普通用戶。刪除public下全部非超戶的select權限。linux
$ psql -U postgres psql (9.4.4) Type "help" for help. postgres=# \h create role Command: CREATE ROLE Description: define a new database role Syntax: CREATE ROLE name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ] where option can be: SUPERUSER | NOSUPERUSER | CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB | CREATEROLE | NOCREATEROLE | CREATEUSER | NOCREATEUSER | INHERIT | NOINHERIT | LOGIN | NOLOGIN | REPLICATION | NOREPLICATION | CONNECTION LIMIT connlimit | [ ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD 'password' | VALID UNTIL 'timestamp' | IN ROLE role_name [, ...] | IN GROUP role_name [, ...] | ROLE role_name [, ...] | ADMIN role_name [, ...] | USER role_name [, ...] | SYSID uid
postgres=# create table t1 ( id serial, name varchar(64) ); CREATE TABLE postgres=# \dt List of relations Schema | Name | Type | Owner --------+------+-------+---------- public | t1 | table | postgres (1 row)
postgres=# create role u1 with login password '123456'; CREATE ROLE
login是賦予登陸權限,不然是不能登陸的sql
由於建立的普通用戶默認是沒有任何權限的數據庫
postgres=# \c - u1 You are now connected to database "postgres" as user "u1". postgres=> select * from t1; ERROR: permission denied for relation t1 postgres=> \c - postgres You are now connected to database "postgres" as user "postgres". postgres=# grant select on all tables in schema public to u1; GRANT postgres=# \c - u1 You are now connected to database "postgres" as user "u1". postgres=> select * from t1; id | name ----+------ (0 rows)
postgres=> \c - postgres You are now connected to database "postgres" as user "postgres". postgres=# create table t2 ( id serial, name varchar(64) ); CREATE TABLE postgres=# \dt List of relations Schema | Name | Type | Owner --------+------+-------+---------- public | t1 | table | postgres public | t2 | table | postgres (2 rows)
postgres=# \c - u1 You are now connected to database "postgres" as user "u1". postgres=> select * from t1; id | name ----+------ (0 rows) postgres=> select * from t2; ERROR: permission denied for relation t2
可見u1是有t1表的讀權限,但沒有t2表的讀權限,這樣是否是意味着每次新建表就要賦一次權限?安全
postgres=> \c - postgres You are now connected to database "postgres" as user "postgres". postgres=# alter default privileges in schema public grant select on tables to u1; ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES postgres=# create table t3 ( id serial, name varchar(64) ); CREATE TABLE postgres=# \dt List of relations Schema | Name | Type | Owner --------+------+-------+---------- public | t1 | table | postgres public | t2 | table | postgres public | t3 | table | postgres (3 rows) postgres=# \c - u1 You are now connected to database "postgres" as user "u1". postgres=> select * from t3; id | name ----+------ (0 rows) postgres=> select * from t2; ERROR: permission denied for relation t2 postgres=> \c - postgres You are now connected to database "postgres" as user "postgres". postgres=# grant select on all tables in schema public to u1; GRANT postgres=# \c - u1 You are now connected to database "postgres" as user "u1". postgres=> select * from t2; id | name ----+------ (0 rows)
grant是賦予用戶schema下當前表的權限,alter default privileges是賦予用戶schema下表的默認權限,這樣之後新建表就不用再賦權限了。當咱們建立只讀帳號的時候,須要執行grant和alter default privileges。post
postgres=# create role u2 with login password '123456'; CREATE ROLE
postgres=# alter default privileges in schema public grant select,insert,update,delete on tables to u2; ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES
postgres=# create table t4 ( id serial, name varchar(64) ); CREATE TABLE postgres=# \dt List of relations Schema | Name | Type | Owner --------+------+-------+---------- public | t1 | table | postgres public | t2 | table | postgres public | t3 | table | postgres public | t4 | table | postgres (4 rows)
postgres=# \c - u2 You are now connected to database "postgres" as user "u2". postgres=> insert into t4 values ( 1, 'aa' ); INSERT 0 1 postgres=> select * from t4; id | name ----+------ 1 | aa (1 row) postgres=> update t4 set name = 'bb' where id = 1; UPDATE 1 postgres=> select * from t4; id | name ----+------ 1 | bb (1 row) postgres=> delete from t4 where id = 1; DELETE 1 postgres=> select * from t4; id | name ----+------ (0 rows)
能夠正常增刪改查ui
在insert的時候,指定列插入,主鍵id是serial類型會默認走sequence的下一個值,但前面只賦予了表的權限,因此會出現下面的問題:spa
postgres=> insert into t4 ( name ) values ( 'aa' ); ERROR: permission denied for sequence t4_id_seq
解決方法就是再賦一次sequence的值就好了code
postgres=> \c - postgres You are now connected to database "postgres" as user "postgres". postgres=# alter default privileges in schema public grant usage on sequences to u2; ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES postgres=# create table t5 ( id serial, name varchar(64) ); CREATE TABLE postgres=# \c - u2 You are now connected to database "postgres" as user "u2". postgres=> insert into t5 ( name ) values ( 'cc' ); INSERT 0 1 postgres=> select * from t5; id | name ----+------ 1 | cc (1 row)
postgres=> \c - postgres You are now connected to database "postgres" as user "postgres". postgres=# drop role u2; ERROR: role "u2" cannot be dropped because some objects depend on it DETAIL: privileges for table t5 privileges for sequence t5_id_seq privileges for default privileges on new sequences belonging to role postgres in schema public privileges for table t4 privileges for default privileges on new relations belonging to role postgres in schema public
當咱們刪除用戶的時候,會提示有權限依賴,因此咱們要刪除這些權限ip
postgres=# alter default privileges in schema public revoke usage on sequences from u2; ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES postgres=# alter default privileges in schema public revoke select,insert,delete,update on tables from u2; ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES postgres=# revoke select,insert,delete,update on all tables in schema public from u2; REVOKE postgres=# revoke usage on all sequences in schema public from u2; REVOKE postgres=# drop role u2; DROP ROLE