MongoDB 聚合管道使用

數據準備

[
    {
        "name": {
            "first_name": "qingquan",
            "last_name": "zeng"
        },
        "balance": 100
    },
    {
        "name": {
            "first_name": "fengxia",
            "last_name": "yu"
        },
        "balance": 200
    }
]

插入數據

db.accounts.insert([{"name": {"first_name": "qingquan","last_name": "zeng"},"balance": 100},{"name": {"first_name": "fengxia","last_name": "yu"},"balance": 200}])

數據查詢

$project

# aggregate 中的 $project 除了能夠實現投影效果，還直接使用了一個不存在的字段 client_name ，至關於 mysql 中的 as 語法
> db.accounts.aggregate([{
... $project:{
... _id:0,
... balance:1,
... client_name:"$name.first_name"
... }
... }]);
{ "balance" : 100, "client_name" : "qingquan" }
{ "balance" : 200, "client_name" : "fengxia" }

# 因爲 middle_name 不存在，產生的結果就爲 null 了
> db.accounts.aggregate([{
... $project:{
... _id:0,
... balance:1,
... name_arr:["$name.first_name","$name.middle_name","$name.first_name"]
... }
... }]);
{ "balance" : 100, "name_arr" : [ "qingquan", null, "qingquan" ] }
{ "balance" : 200, "name_arr" : [ "fengxia", null, "fengxia" ] }

$match 中使用的文檔篩選語法，和讀取文檔時的篩選語法相同

db.accounts.aggregate([
    {
        $match: {
            "name.first_name": 'fengxia'
        }
    }
])
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5d80fd4471c6b2236fb80de9"), "name" : { "first_name" : "fengxia", "last_name" : "yu" }, "balance" : 200 }

將 $project 、 $match 、$skip、$limit 相結合

db.accounts.aggregate([
    {
        $match: {
            $or: [
                {
                    "name.first_name": 'fengxia'
                },
                {
                    "name.first_name": 'qingquan'
                },          
            ]
        }
    },
    {
        $project: {
            _id: 0
        }
    },
    {
        $skip: 1
    },
    {
        $limit: 1
    }
])
{ "name" : { "first_name" : "fengxia", "last_name" : "yu" }, "balance" : 200 }

$unwind
對本節的數據進行修改

db.accounts.update({'name.first_name':'qingquan'},{
 $set:{
  "currency":["CNY","USD"]
 }
})

db.accounts.update({'name.first_name':'fengxia'},{
 $set:{
  "currency":"GBP"
 }
})

修改後的數據以下，一個用戶的currency是數組，另外一個用戶的currency是字符串

> db.accounts.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5d80fd4471c6b2236fb80de8"), "name" : { "first_name" : "qingquan", "last_name" : "zeng" }, "balance" : 100, "currency" : [ "CNY", "USD" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5d80fd4471c6b2236fb80de9"), "name" : { "first_name" : "fengxia", "last_name" : "yu" }, "balance" : 200, "currency" : "GBP" }

使用unwind對數組元素進行平鋪，能夠將currency爲數組的記錄，從一條記錄拆分爲多條記錄

db.accounts.aggregate([
    {
        $unwind: {
            path: "$currency"
        }
    }
])
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5d80fd4471c6b2236fb80de8"), "name" : { "first_name" : "qingquan", "last_name" : "zeng" }, "balance" : 100, "currency" : "CNY" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5d80fd4471c6b2236fb80de8"), "name" : { "first_name" : "qingquan", "last_name" : "zeng" }, "balance" : 100, "currency" : "USD" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5d80fd4471c6b2236fb80de9"), "name" : { "first_name" : "fengxia", "last_name" : "yu" }, "balance" : 200, "currency" : "GBP" }

爲了方便排查，還能夠在設定一個字段，用於數組展開後標記每一個元素在原數組的位置

db.accounts.aggregate([
    {
        $unwind: {
            path: "$currency",
            includeArrayIndex:"origin_index"
        }
    }
])
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5d80c37349f3060f1212a055"), "name" : { "first_name" : "qingquan", "last_name" : "zeng" }, "balance" : 100, "currency" : "CNY", "origin_index" : NumberLong(0) }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5d80c37349f3060f1212a055"), "name" : { "first_name" : "qingquan", "last_name" : "zeng" }, "balance" : 100, "currency" : "USD", "origin_index" : NumberLong(1) }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5d80c37349f3060f1212a056"), "name" : { "first_name" : "fengxia", "last_name" : "yu" }, "balance" : 200, "currency" : "GBP", "origin_index" : null }

還有一點須要注意的是，$unwind 在產生結果前，默認會直接過濾掉以下記錄：

• currency字段爲空數組
• currency字段不存在
• currency字段爲null

若是不想過濾的話，能夠設定 preserveNullAndEmptyArrays 爲 true

db.accounts.aggregate([
    {
        $unwind: {
            path: "$currency",
            includeArrayIndex: "origin_index",
            preserveNullAndEmptyArrays: true
        }
    }
])

$sort

• 1 從小到大
• -1 從大到小

db.accounts.aggregate([
    {
        $sort: {
            balance: -1
        }
    }
])
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5d80c37349f3060f1212a056"), "name" : { "first_name" : "fengxia", "last_name" : "yu" }, "balance" : 200, "currency" : "GBP" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5d80c37349f3060f1212a055"), "name" : { "first_name" : "qingquan", "last_name" : "zeng" }, "balance" : 100, "currency" : [ "CNY", "USD" ] }

MongoDB 聚合操做重複問題 https://jacoobwang.github.io/...