使用AndEngine開發遊戲之一

時間  2019-11-20
標籤 使用 andengine 開發 遊戲 之一 欄目 遊戲 简体版
原文   原文鏈接

      人生寫的第一個Android遊戲，名字爲炸彈專家，能夠在github上找到。https://github.com/zl-leaf/BombExpert。各位歡迎吐嘈。 java

    這個遊戲使用的是AndEngine的庫，連接爲 https://github.com/nicolasgramlich/AndEngine，另外還帶有其餘的庫和Example。要用這個庫來寫遊戲，有第一件事情固然是要搞清楚怎麼用這些庫了。下面就簡單的說一下我對AndEngine提供的其中一個例子的理解。 android

    首先用github下載代碼AndEngine和其餘庫以及Example，如圖 git

與AndEngine相關的庫 github

AndEngine的例子 ide


導入到Eclipse裏面，運行（建議用真機運行，由於虛擬機好像有些問題）。 ui

下面要說的代碼來自於AndEngineExamples中的一個例子，org.andengine.examples.game.racer裏面的RacerGameActivity。 this

代碼以下 spa

package org.andengine.examples.game.racer;

import org.andengine.engine.camera.Camera;
import org.andengine.engine.camera.hud.controls.AnalogOnScreenControl;
import org.andengine.engine.camera.hud.controls.AnalogOnScreenControl.IAnalogOnScreenControlListener;
import org.andengine.engine.camera.hud.controls.BaseOnScreenControl;
import org.andengine.engine.options.EngineOptions;
import org.andengine.engine.options.ScreenOrientation;
import org.andengine.engine.options.resolutionpolicy.RatioResolutionPolicy;
import org.andengine.entity.primitive.Rectangle;
import org.andengine.entity.scene.Scene;
import org.andengine.entity.scene.background.Background;
import org.andengine.entity.sprite.Sprite;
import org.andengine.entity.sprite.TiledSprite;
import org.andengine.entity.util.FPSLogger;
import org.andengine.extension.physics.box2d.FixedStepPhysicsWorld;
import org.andengine.extension.physics.box2d.PhysicsConnector;
import org.andengine.extension.physics.box2d.PhysicsFactory;
import org.andengine.extension.physics.box2d.PhysicsWorld;
import org.andengine.extension.physics.box2d.util.Vector2Pool;
import org.andengine.opengl.texture.TextureOptions;
import org.andengine.opengl.texture.atlas.bitmap.BitmapTextureAtlas;
import org.andengine.opengl.texture.atlas.bitmap.BitmapTextureAtlasTextureRegionFactory;
import org.andengine.opengl.texture.region.ITextureRegion;
import org.andengine.opengl.texture.region.TiledTextureRegion;
import org.andengine.opengl.vbo.VertexBufferObjectManager;
import org.andengine.ui.activity.SimpleBaseGameActivity;
import org.andengine.util.math.MathUtils;

import android.opengl.GLES20;

import com.badlogic.gdx.math.Vector2;
import com.badlogic.gdx.physics.box2d.Body;
import com.badlogic.gdx.physics.box2d.BodyDef.BodyType;
import com.badlogic.gdx.physics.box2d.FixtureDef;

/**
 * (c) 2010 Nicolas Gramlich
 * (c) 2011 Zynga
 *
 * @author Nicolas Gramlich
 * @since 22:43:20 - 15.07.2010
 */
public class RacerGameActivity extends SimpleBaseGameActivity {
	// ===========================================================
	// Constants
	// ===========================================================

	private static final int RACETRACK_WIDTH = 64;

	private static final int OBSTACLE_SIZE = 16;
	private static final int CAR_SIZE = 16;

	private static final int CAMERA_WIDTH = RACETRACK_WIDTH * 5;
	private static final int CAMERA_HEIGHT = RACETRACK_WIDTH * 3;

	// ===========================================================
	// Fields
	// ===========================================================

	private Camera mCamera;

	private BitmapTextureAtlas mVehiclesTexture;
	private TiledTextureRegion mVehiclesTextureRegion;

	private BitmapTextureAtlas mBoxTexture;
	private ITextureRegion mBoxTextureRegion;

	private BitmapTextureAtlas mRacetrackTexture;
	private ITextureRegion mRacetrackStraightTextureRegion;
	private ITextureRegion mRacetrackCurveTextureRegion;

	private BitmapTextureAtlas mOnScreenControlTexture;
	private ITextureRegion mOnScreenControlBaseTextureRegion;
	private ITextureRegion mOnScreenControlKnobTextureRegion;

	private Scene mScene;

	private PhysicsWorld mPhysicsWorld;

	private Body mCarBody;
	private TiledSprite mCar;

	// ===========================================================
	// Constructors
	// ===========================================================

	// ===========================================================
	// Getter & Setter
	// ===========================================================

	// ===========================================================
	// Methods for/from SuperClass/Interfaces
	// ===========================================================

	@Override
	public EngineOptions onCreateEngineOptions() {
		this.mCamera = new Camera(0, 0, CAMERA_WIDTH, CAMERA_HEIGHT);

		return new EngineOptions(true, ScreenOrientation.LANDSCAPE_FIXED, new RatioResolutionPolicy(CAMERA_WIDTH, CAMERA_HEIGHT), this.mCamera);
	}

	@Override
	public void onCreateResources() {
		BitmapTextureAtlasTextureRegionFactory.setAssetBasePath("gfx/");

		this.mVehiclesTexture = new BitmapTextureAtlas(this.getTextureManager(), 128, 16, TextureOptions.BILINEAR);
		this.mVehiclesTextureRegion = BitmapTextureAtlasTextureRegionFactory.createTiledFromAsset(this.mVehiclesTexture, this, "vehicles.png", 0, 0, 6, 1);
		this.mVehiclesTexture.load();

		this.mRacetrackTexture = new BitmapTextureAtlas(this.getTextureManager(), 128, 256, TextureOptions.REPEATING_NEAREST);
		this.mRacetrackStraightTextureRegion = BitmapTextureAtlasTextureRegionFactory.createFromAsset(this.mRacetrackTexture, this, "racetrack_straight.png", 0, 0);
		this.mRacetrackCurveTextureRegion = BitmapTextureAtlasTextureRegionFactory.createFromAsset(this.mRacetrackTexture, this, "racetrack_curve.png", 0, 128);
		this.mRacetrackTexture.load();

		this.mOnScreenControlTexture = new BitmapTextureAtlas(this.getTextureManager(), 256, 128, TextureOptions.BILINEAR);
		this.mOnScreenControlBaseTextureRegion = BitmapTextureAtlasTextureRegionFactory.createFromAsset(this.mOnScreenControlTexture, this, "onscreen_control_base.png", 0, 0);
		this.mOnScreenControlKnobTextureRegion = BitmapTextureAtlasTextureRegionFactory.createFromAsset(this.mOnScreenControlTexture, this, "onscreen_control_knob.png", 128, 0);
		this.mOnScreenControlTexture.load();

		this.mBoxTexture = new BitmapTextureAtlas(this.getTextureManager(), 32, 32, TextureOptions.BILINEAR);
		this.mBoxTextureRegion = BitmapTextureAtlasTextureRegionFactory.createFromAsset(this.mBoxTexture, this, "box.png", 0, 0);
		this.mBoxTexture.load();
	}

	@Override
	public Scene onCreateScene() {
		this.mEngine.registerUpdateHandler(new FPSLogger());

		this.mScene = new Scene();
		this.mScene.setBackground(new Background(0, 0, 0));

		this.mPhysicsWorld = new FixedStepPhysicsWorld(30, new Vector2(0, 0), false, 8, 1);

		this.initRacetrack();
		this.initRacetrackBorders();
		this.initCar();
		this.initObstacles();
		this.initOnScreenControls();

		this.mScene.registerUpdateHandler(this.mPhysicsWorld);

		return this.mScene;
	}

	@Override
	public void onGameCreated() {

	}

	// ===========================================================
	// Methods
	// ===========================================================

	private void initOnScreenControls() {
		final AnalogOnScreenControl analogOnScreenControl = new AnalogOnScreenControl(0, CAMERA_HEIGHT - this.mOnScreenControlBaseTextureRegion.getHeight(), this.mCamera, this.mOnScreenControlBaseTextureRegion, this.mOnScreenControlKnobTextureRegion, 0.1f, this.getVertexBufferObjectManager(), new IAnalogOnScreenControlListener() {
			@Override
			public void onControlChange(final BaseOnScreenControl pBaseOnScreenControl, final float pValueX, final float pValueY) {
				final Body carBody = RacerGameActivity.this.mCarBody;

				final Vector2 velocity = Vector2Pool.obtain(pValueX * 5, pValueY * 5);
				carBody.setLinearVelocity(velocity);
				Vector2Pool.recycle(velocity);

				final float rotationInRad = (float)Math.atan2(-pValueX, pValueY);
				carBody.setTransform(carBody.getWorldCenter(), rotationInRad);

				RacerGameActivity.this.mCar.setRotation(MathUtils.radToDeg(rotationInRad));
			}

			@Override
			public void onControlClick(final AnalogOnScreenControl pAnalogOnScreenControl) {
				/* Nothing. */
			}
		});
		analogOnScreenControl.getControlBase().setBlendFunction(GLES20.GL_SRC_ALPHA, GLES20.GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);
		analogOnScreenControl.getControlBase().setAlpha(0.5f);
		//		analogOnScreenControl.getControlBase().setScaleCenter(0, 128);
		//		analogOnScreenControl.getControlBase().setScale(0.75f);
		//		analogOnScreenControl.getControlKnob().setScale(0.75f);
		analogOnScreenControl.refreshControlKnobPosition();

		this.mScene.setChildScene(analogOnScreenControl);
	}

	private void initCar() {
		this.mCar = new TiledSprite(20, 20, CAR_SIZE, CAR_SIZE, this.mVehiclesTextureRegion, this.getVertexBufferObjectManager());
		this.mCar.setCurrentTileIndex(0);

		final FixtureDef carFixtureDef = PhysicsFactory.createFixtureDef(1, 0.5f, 0.5f);
		this.mCarBody = PhysicsFactory.createBoxBody(this.mPhysicsWorld, this.mCar, BodyType.DynamicBody, carFixtureDef);

		this.mPhysicsWorld.registerPhysicsConnector(new PhysicsConnector(this.mCar, this.mCarBody, true, false));

		this.mScene.attachChild(this.mCar);
	}

	private void initObstacles() {
		this.addObstacle(CAMERA_WIDTH / 2, RACETRACK_WIDTH / 2);
		this.addObstacle(CAMERA_WIDTH / 2, RACETRACK_WIDTH / 2);
		this.addObstacle(CAMERA_WIDTH / 2, CAMERA_HEIGHT - RACETRACK_WIDTH / 2);
		this.addObstacle(CAMERA_WIDTH / 2, CAMERA_HEIGHT - RACETRACK_WIDTH / 2);
	}

	private void addObstacle(final float pX, final float pY) {
		final Sprite box = new Sprite(pX, pY, OBSTACLE_SIZE, OBSTACLE_SIZE, this.mBoxTextureRegion, this.getVertexBufferObjectManager());

		final FixtureDef boxFixtureDef = PhysicsFactory.createFixtureDef(0.1f, 0.5f, 0.5f);
		final Body boxBody = PhysicsFactory.createBoxBody(this.mPhysicsWorld, box, BodyType.DynamicBody, boxFixtureDef);
		boxBody.setLinearDamping(10);
		boxBody.setAngularDamping(10);

		this.mPhysicsWorld.registerPhysicsConnector(new PhysicsConnector(box, boxBody, true, true));

		this.mScene.attachChild(box);
	}

	private void initRacetrack() {
		// Straights
		{
			final ITextureRegion racetrackHorizontalStraightTextureRegion = this.mRacetrackStraightTextureRegion.deepCopy();
			racetrackHorizontalStraightTextureRegion.setTextureWidth(3 * this.mRacetrackStraightTextureRegion.getWidth());

			final ITextureRegion racetrackVerticalStraightTextureRegion = this.mRacetrackStraightTextureRegion;

			// Top Straight 
			this.mScene.attachChild(new Sprite(RACETRACK_WIDTH, 0, 3 * RACETRACK_WIDTH, RACETRACK_WIDTH, racetrackHorizontalStraightTextureRegion, this.getVertexBufferObjectManager()));
			// Bottom Straight
			this.mScene.attachChild(new Sprite(RACETRACK_WIDTH, CAMERA_HEIGHT - RACETRACK_WIDTH, 3 * RACETRACK_WIDTH, RACETRACK_WIDTH, racetrackHorizontalStraightTextureRegion, this.getVertexBufferObjectManager()));

			// Left Straight
			final Sprite leftVerticalStraight = new Sprite(0, RACETRACK_WIDTH, RACETRACK_WIDTH, RACETRACK_WIDTH, racetrackVerticalStraightTextureRegion, this.getVertexBufferObjectManager());
			leftVerticalStraight.setRotation(90);
			this.mScene.attachChild(leftVerticalStraight);
			// Right Straight
			final Sprite rightVerticalStraight = new Sprite(CAMERA_WIDTH - RACETRACK_WIDTH, RACETRACK_WIDTH, RACETRACK_WIDTH, RACETRACK_WIDTH, racetrackVerticalStraightTextureRegion, this.getVertexBufferObjectManager());
			rightVerticalStraight.setRotation(90);
			this.mScene.attachChild(rightVerticalStraight);
		}

		// Edges
		{
			final ITextureRegion racetrackCurveTextureRegion = this.mRacetrackCurveTextureRegion;

			// Upper Left
			final Sprite upperLeftCurve = new Sprite(0, 0, RACETRACK_WIDTH, RACETRACK_WIDTH, racetrackCurveTextureRegion, this.getVertexBufferObjectManager());
			upperLeftCurve.setRotation(90);
			this.mScene.attachChild(upperLeftCurve);

			// Upper Right 
			final Sprite upperRightCurve = new Sprite(CAMERA_WIDTH - RACETRACK_WIDTH, 0, RACETRACK_WIDTH, RACETRACK_WIDTH, racetrackCurveTextureRegion, this.getVertexBufferObjectManager());
			upperRightCurve.setRotation(180);
			this.mScene.attachChild(upperRightCurve);

			// Lower Right 
			final Sprite lowerRightCurve = new Sprite(CAMERA_WIDTH - RACETRACK_WIDTH, CAMERA_HEIGHT - RACETRACK_WIDTH, RACETRACK_WIDTH, RACETRACK_WIDTH, racetrackCurveTextureRegion, this.getVertexBufferObjectManager());
			lowerRightCurve.setRotation(270);
			this.mScene.attachChild(lowerRightCurve);

			// Lower Left
			final Sprite lowerLeftCurve = new Sprite(0, CAMERA_HEIGHT - RACETRACK_WIDTH, RACETRACK_WIDTH, RACETRACK_WIDTH, racetrackCurveTextureRegion, this.getVertexBufferObjectManager());
			this.mScene.attachChild(lowerLeftCurve);
		}
	}


	private void initRacetrackBorders() {
		final VertexBufferObjectManager vertexBufferObjectManager = this.getVertexBufferObjectManager();

		final Rectangle bottomOuter = new Rectangle(0, CAMERA_HEIGHT - 2, CAMERA_WIDTH, 2, vertexBufferObjectManager);
		final Rectangle topOuter = new Rectangle(0, 0, CAMERA_WIDTH, 2, vertexBufferObjectManager);
		final Rectangle leftOuter = new Rectangle(0, 0, 2, CAMERA_HEIGHT, vertexBufferObjectManager);
		final Rectangle rightOuter = new Rectangle(CAMERA_WIDTH - 2, 0, 2, CAMERA_HEIGHT, vertexBufferObjectManager);

		final Rectangle bottomInner = new Rectangle(RACETRACK_WIDTH, CAMERA_HEIGHT - 2 - RACETRACK_WIDTH, CAMERA_WIDTH - 2 * RACETRACK_WIDTH, 2, vertexBufferObjectManager);
		final Rectangle topInner = new Rectangle(RACETRACK_WIDTH, RACETRACK_WIDTH, CAMERA_WIDTH - 2 * RACETRACK_WIDTH, 2, vertexBufferObjectManager);
		final Rectangle leftInner = new Rectangle(RACETRACK_WIDTH, RACETRACK_WIDTH, 2, CAMERA_HEIGHT - 2 * RACETRACK_WIDTH, vertexBufferObjectManager);
		final Rectangle rightInner = new Rectangle(CAMERA_WIDTH - 2 - RACETRACK_WIDTH, RACETRACK_WIDTH, 2, CAMERA_HEIGHT - 2 * RACETRACK_WIDTH, vertexBufferObjectManager);

		final FixtureDef wallFixtureDef = PhysicsFactory.createFixtureDef(0, 0.5f, 0.5f);
		PhysicsFactory.createBoxBody(this.mPhysicsWorld, bottomOuter, BodyType.StaticBody, wallFixtureDef);
		PhysicsFactory.createBoxBody(this.mPhysicsWorld, topOuter, BodyType.StaticBody, wallFixtureDef);
		PhysicsFactory.createBoxBody(this.mPhysicsWorld, leftOuter, BodyType.StaticBody, wallFixtureDef);
		PhysicsFactory.createBoxBody(this.mPhysicsWorld, rightOuter, BodyType.StaticBody, wallFixtureDef);

		PhysicsFactory.createBoxBody(this.mPhysicsWorld, bottomInner, BodyType.StaticBody, wallFixtureDef);
		PhysicsFactory.createBoxBody(this.mPhysicsWorld, topInner, BodyType.StaticBody, wallFixtureDef);
		PhysicsFactory.createBoxBody(this.mPhysicsWorld, leftInner, BodyType.StaticBody, wallFixtureDef);
		PhysicsFactory.createBoxBody(this.mPhysicsWorld, rightInner, BodyType.StaticBody, wallFixtureDef);

		this.mScene.attachChild(bottomOuter);
		this.mScene.attachChild(topOuter);
		this.mScene.attachChild(leftOuter);
		this.mScene.attachChild(rightOuter);

		this.mScene.attachChild(bottomInner);
		this.mScene.attachChild(topInner);
		this.mScene.attachChild(leftInner);
		this.mScene.attachChild(rightInner);
	}

	// ===========================================================
	// Inner and Anonymous Classes
	// ===========================================================
}
這個類繼承了SimpleBaseGameActivity（由AndEngine提供），而後要重寫四個方法onCreateEngineOptions()、onCreateResources()、onCreateScene()、onGameCreated()。


onCreateEngineOptions()裏面要設置Engine的參數，基本照着寫就能夠了（若是要用到聲音的話要加一些東西，以後說）。 code

onCreateResources()是加載資源。首先說一下BitmapTextureAtlas和ITextureRegion。 orm

     BitmapTextureAtlas，能夠理解成一塊畫布，ITextureRegion則是畫布上的圖形。      

BitmapTextureAtlasTextureRegionFactory.setAssetBasePath("gfx/");

this.mVehiclesTexture = new BitmapTextureAtlas(this.getTextureManager(), 128, 16, TextureOptions.BILINEAR);
this.mVehiclesTextureRegion = BitmapTextureAtlasTextureRegionFactory.createTiledFromAsset(this.mVehiclesTexture, this, "vehicles.png", 0, 0, 6, 1);
		this.mVehiclesTexture.load();

    以這段代碼爲例。首先設定圖片資源的路徑是gfx（就是項目的assets/gfx） 

BitmapTextureAtlasTextureRegionFactory.setAssetBasePath("gfx/");

    新建一個寬高爲128X16的BitmapTextureAtlasm VehiclesTexture 

this.mVehiclesTexture = new BitmapTextureAtlas(this.getTextureManager(), 128, 16, TextureOptions.BILINEAR);

    在畫布VehiclesTexture上畫圖 

this.mVehiclesTextureRegion = BitmapTextureAtlasTextureRegionFactory.createTiledFromAsset(this.mVehiclesTexture, this, "vehicles.png", 0, 0, 6, 1);
    vehicles.png圖片以下

,圖的大小爲96X16,而後畫布的大小必定要比圖片大並且是2的整數倍（不知道爲何），因此新建VehiclesTexture的大小爲128X16。

     createTiledFromAsset裏面的參數我是這麼理解的，在VehiclesTexture上起點爲（0,0）處畫圖vehicles.png，該圖片能夠以一行6列的格式分紅6張小圖。

    加載畫布和畫布上面的圖片 

this.mVehiclesTexture.load();
一樣道理加載其餘圖片資源。


onCreateScene()，創造遊戲的場景（Scene，一改能夠理解成是遊戲的容器或者背景吧）。

新建一個物理環境 

this.mPhysicsWorld = new FixedStepPhysicsWorld(30, new Vector2(0, 0), false, 8, 1);
裏面的參數意思能夠本身查（由於有一兩個我不是很理解）

而後就是要往Sence裏面添加精靈（Sprite，能夠理解成是一個單元，就像遊戲中一我的物，一隻怪物）。

最後註冊物理環境 

this.mScene.registerUpdateHandler(this.mPhysicsWorld);

下面以initCar()和initOnScreenControls()裏面的代碼來講一下

新建一個TiledSprite mCar，初始位置爲（20,20），寬高爲CAR_SIZEXCAR_SIZE的精靈，選用mVehiclesTextureRegion做爲圖片。 

this.mCar = new TiledSprite(20, 20, CAR_SIZE, CAR_SIZE, this.mVehiclesTextureRegion, this.getVertexBufferObjectManager());
而且使用 mVehiclesTextureRegion中的第0個圖案。（還記得以前設定好mVehiclesTextureRegion包含1行6列的小圖不？如今用第0個） 

this.mCar.setCurrentTileIndex(0);
生成一個實體做爲車子（mCar）的身體 

final FixtureDef carFixtureDef = PhysicsFactory.createFixtureDef(1, 0.5f, 0.5f);
this.mCarBody = PhysicsFactory.createBoxBody(this.mPhysicsWorld, this.mCar, BodyType.DynamicBody, carFixtureDef);
把車子（mCar）和車身（mCarBody）綁定在一塊兒 

this.mPhysicsWorld.registerPhysicsConnector(new PhysicsConnector(this.mCar, this.mCarBody, true, false));
在場景（Scene）中添加這一車子 

this.mScene.attachChild(this.mCar);
這樣一個initCar()就完成了。


下面是initOnScreenControls()，控制按鈕的製做。

用mOnScreenControlBaseTextureRegion（操控按鈕方向的那張圖片）和mOnScreenControlKnobTextureRegion（那個圓圓的搖桿圖片）製做AnalogOnScreenControl analogOnScreenControl，位於畫面的（0, CAMERA_HEIGHT -this.mOnScreenControlBaseTextureRegion.getHeight()）處。

覆寫onControlChange方法，當搖桿移動的時候車子運動。 

final AnalogOnScreenControl analogOnScreenControl = new AnalogOnScreenControl(0, CAMERA_HEIGHT - this.mOnScreenControlBaseTextureRegion.getHeight(), this.mCamera, this.mOnScreenControlBaseTextureRegion, this.mOnScreenControlKnobTextureRegion, 0.1f, this.getVertexBufferObjectManager(), new IAnalogOnScreenControlListener() {
	@Override
	public void onControlChange(final BaseOnScreenControl pBaseOnScreenControl, final float pValueX, final float pValueY) {
		final Body carBody = RacerGameActivity.this.mCarBody;

		final Vector2 velocity = Vector2Pool.obtain(pValueX * 5, pValueY * 5);
		carBody.setLinearVelocity(velocity);
		Vector2Pool.recycle(velocity);

		final float rotationInRad = (float)Math.atan2(-pValueX, pValueY);
		carBody.setTransform(carBody.getWorldCenter(), rotationInRad);

		RacerGameActivity.this.mCar.setRotation(MathUtils.radToDeg(rotationInRad));
	}

	@Override
	public void onControlClick(final AnalogOnScreenControl pAnalogOnScreenControl) {
		/* Nothing. */
	}
});

而後就是各類註冊，添加到Scene中 

analogOnScreenControl.getControlBase().setBlendFunction(GLES20.GL_SRC_ALPHA, GLES20.GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);
analogOnScreenControl.getControlBase().setAlpha(0.5f);
analogOnScreenControl.refreshControlKnobPosition();

this.mScene.setChildScene(analogOnScreenControl);
這樣操控按鈕就完成了。

onGameCreated()是當全部加載渲染都搞定以後運行的方法，這裏沒有任何操做，因此空空的。


解說到此結束，這是我寫的第一篇這麼長的博文了，有些地方直接省略了，若是我說的有問題或者有疑問歡迎吐嘈一下

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