linux—mysql安裝步驟

方法一:使用rpm安裝MySQL

1、檢查系統中是否已經安裝過mysqlmysql

  rpm -qa | grep mysqllinux

  若是存在,則須要刪除。
  yum -y remove mysql*sql

  繼續檢查一下是否還存在mysql
  rpm -qa | grep -i mysqldocker

2、下載rpm包。數據庫

  須要下載:
  MySQL-client-5.6.15-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
  MySQL-devel-5.6.15-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
  MySQL-server-5.6.15-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
  逐一執行命令:
  wget http://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.6/MySQL-client-5.6.15-1.el6.x86_64.rpmvim

  wget http://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.6/MySQL-devel-5.6.15-1.el6.x86_64.rpm服務器

  wget http://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.6/MySQL-server-5.6.15-1.el6.x86_64.rpmapp

3、依次安裝socket

   rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.15-1.el6.x86_64.rpm編碼

      rpm -ivh MySQL-devel-5.6.15-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

      rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.6.15-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

4、 初始化MySQL及設置密碼

  cp /usr/share/mysql/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf

  cat /root/.mysql_secret   記錄最後的密碼
  mysql -p ---輸入記錄的密碼,便可登陸mysql。
  set password for 'root'@'localhost' =password('新密碼');
  flush privileges;  //刷新權限設置

5、配置數據庫編碼格式

  登陸MySQL查看用SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%';下字符集,顯示以下:
  +--------------------------+----------------------------+
  | Variable_name | Value |
  +--------------------------+----------------------------+
  | character_set_client | utf8 |
  | character_set_connection | utf8 |
  | character_set_database | latin1 |
  | character_set_filesystem | binary |
  | character_set_results | utf8 |
  | character_set_server | latin1 |
  | character_set_system | utf8 |
  | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
  +--------------------------+----------------------------+
  character_set_database和character_set_server的默認字符集仍是latin1。

  最簡單的完美修改方法,修改mysql的my.cnf文件中的字符集鍵值(注意配置的字段細節):
  一、在[client]字段里加入default-character-set=utf8,以下:
  [client]
  port = 3306
  socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
  default-character-set=utf8
  二、在[mysqld]字段里加入character-set-server=utf8,以下:
  [mysqld]
  port = 3306
  socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
  character-set-server=utf8

  sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
  三、在[mysql]字段里加入default-character-set=utf8,以下:
  [mysql]
  no-auto-rehash
  default-character-set=utf8

  修改完成後,service mysql restart重啓mysql服務就生效,並flush privileges;  //刷新權限設置。

  使用SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%';查看,發現數據庫編碼全已改爲utf8。

  +--------------------------+----------------------------+
  | Variable_name | Value |
  +--------------------------+----------------------------+
  | character_set_client | utf8 |
  | character_set_connection | utf8 |
  | character_set_database | utf8 |
  | character_set_filesystem | binary |
  | character_set_results | utf8 |
  | character_set_server | utf8 |
  | character_set_system | utf8 |
  | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |

  +--------------------------+----------------------------+

 

方法二:使用tar安裝MySQL

  1. 下載mysql安裝包
    下載地址:http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.35-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
    [root@iZ25jr2uqbnZ soft]# wget --no-check-certificate http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.35-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
    --2017-06-20 18:14:41--  http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.35-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
    Resolving dev.mysql.com... 137.254.60.11
    Connecting to dev.mysql.com|137.254.60.11|:80... connected.
    HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 301 Moved Permanently
    Location: https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.35-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz [following]
    --2017-06-20 18:14:41--  https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.35-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
    Connecting to dev.mysql.com|137.254.60.11|:443... connected.
    WARNING: certificate common name `www.mysql.com' doesn't match requested host name `dev.mysql.com'.
    HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found
    Location: https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.35-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz [following]
    --2017-06-20 18:14:43--  https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.35-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
    Resolving cdn.mysql.com... 23.211.97.88
    Connecting to cdn.mysql.com|23.211.97.88|:443... connected.
    HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
    Length: 314581668 (300M) [application/x-tar-gz]
    Saving to: `mysql-5.6.35-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz'
    
    100%[======================================>] 314,581,668 12.3M/s   in 32s
    
    2017-06-20 18:15:15 (9.33 MB/s) - `mysql-5.6.35-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz' saved [314581668/314581668]

     

      2.同上檢查服務器是否安裝mysql(已安裝須要刪除)

     

     3.解壓mysql二進制文件,並將解壓的內容移動到/usr/local/目錄下,並修改文件夾名稱爲mysql

[root@iZ2zea08w4zyzvdifl3dxgZ soft]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.6.35-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

[root@iZ2zea08w4zyzvdifl3dxgZ soft]# mv mysql-5.6.35-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 /usr/local/

[root@iZ2zea08w4zyzvdifl3dxgZ local]# mv mysql-5.6.35-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/ mysql

      /usr/local/mysql/下的目錄結構   :

目錄

目錄描述

bin

客戶端程序和mysqld的服務器

data

日誌文件,數據庫

docs

文檔格式信息

man

UNIX手冊頁

include

 

lib

 

scripts

mysql_install_db的

share

各類支持文件,包括錯誤信息,示例配置文件中,SQL數據庫的安裝

sql-bench

基準

 

    4.添加mysql組和mysql用戶,用於設置mysql安裝目錄文件全部者和所屬組。

[root@iZ2zea08w4zyzvdifl3dxgZ mysql]# groupadd mysql

[root@iZ2zea08w4zyzvdifl3dxgZ mysql]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql

[root@iZ2zea08w4zyzvdifl3dxgZ mysql]# chown -R mysql .

[root@iZ2zea08w4zyzvdifl3dxgZ mysql]# chgrp -R mysql .

      *useradd -r參數表示mysql用戶是系統用戶,不可用於登陸系統。

   5.安裝數據庫。

     *將mysql/目錄下除了data/目錄的全部文件,改回root用戶全部,mysql用戶只需做爲mysql/data/目錄下全部文件的全部者。

[root@iZ2zea08w4zyzvdifl3dxgZ mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/

[root@iZ2zea08w4zyzvdifl3dxgZ mysql]#  chown -R root .

[root@iZ2zea08w4zyzvdifl3dxgZ mysql]# chown -R mysql data

[root@iZ2zea08w4zyzvdifl3dxgZ mysql]#  bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

    6.配置文件

       *首先須要將mysql.server服務腳本複製到/etc/init.d/,並重命名爲mysqld。

       *經過chkconfig命令將mysqld服務加入到自啓動服務項中。

[root@iZ2zea08w4zyzvdifl3dxgZ mysql]#  cd support-files/

[root@iZ2zea08w4zyzvdifl3dxgZ support-files] cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server

[root@iZ2zea08w4zyzvdifl3dxgZ support-files] cp my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf

[root@iZ2zea08w4zyzvdifl3dxgZ init.d]#  mv mysql.server mysqld    //將mysql.server更名爲mysqld

[root@iZ2zea08w4zyzvdifl3dxgZ mysql]#  chkconfig --add mysqld

        *查看是否添加成功

[root@iZ2zea08w4zyzvdifl3dxgZ support-files]# chkconfig --list mysqld

mysqld 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off

        配置mysql環境變量

[root@iZ2zea08w4zyzvdifl3dxgZ support-files]# vim /etc/profile

添加一下內容

export MYSQL_HOME=/usr/local/mysql

export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin:$MYSQL_HOME/bin

       7.啓動mysql

[root@iZ2zea08w4zyzvdifl3dxgZ support-files]# service mysqld start

Starting MySQL [ OK ]

     8.進入mysql

[root@iZ2zea08w4zyzvdifl3dxgZ support-files]# mysql

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 5

Server version: 5.6.35 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

 

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

 

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

 

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

 

mysql>

        9.修改數據庫鏈接密碼及host鏈接權限(參考errorCode:1130文章)

Docker安裝mysql

echo  "下載MySQL鏡像"
docker pull mysql/mysql-server:5.7
#爲卷建立本地目錄。
mkdir /var/mysql5.7
echo  "啓動MySQL容器"
docker run --name mysql5.7 -p 3306:3306 -p 33060:33060 -v /var/mysql5.7/:/var/lib/mysql/ -d mysql/mysql-server:5.7
echo  "下載MySQL鏡像"
docker pull mysql
#爲卷建立本地目錄。
mkdir /Users/lihongmei/workSystem/docker_config/mysql/
# 建立配置文件路徑
echo  "啓動MySQL容器"
docker run -it -d --name mysql8.0 -p 3306:3306 -p 33060:33060 -v /Users/lihongmei/workSystem/docker_config/mysql_cnf/:/etc/mysql/conf.d  -v /Users/lihongmei/workSystem/docker_config/mysql/:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=lihongmei mysql:latest
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