ffmpeg與ffserver的協同工做

ffmpeg和ffserver配合使用能夠實現實時的流媒體服務，能夠實時傳輸來自攝像頭的數據，客戶端能夠採用HTTP、RTSP、RTP協議等播放視頻流。

 

1、概念和流程

ffmpeg和ffserver配合使用涉及到四個概念：

1.      ffmpeg，負責媒體文件的轉碼工做，把你服務器上的源媒體文件轉換成要發送出去的流媒體文件。

2.      ffserver，負責響應客戶端的流媒體請求，把流媒體數據發送給客戶端。

3.      ffserver.conf，ffserver啓動時的配置文件，在這個文件中主要是對網絡協議，緩存文件feed1.ffm和要發送的流媒體文件的格式參數作具體的設定。

4.      feed1.ffm，能夠當作是一個流媒體數據的緩存文件，ffmpeg把轉碼好的數據發送給ffserver，若是沒有客戶端鏈接請求，ffserver把數據緩存到該文件中。

 

工做流程以下：

一、 啓動ffserver，配置參數

ffserver先於ffmpeg啓動，它在啓動的時候須要加參數-f指定其配置文件，配置文件裏包含端口信息、緩衝文件配置、傳送流配置(如編碼方式，幀率，採樣率……)。

 

二、 啓動ffmpeg，輸入流

    啓動ffmpeg，向緩衝文件輸入數據流，數據流能夠來自攝像頭，也能夠來自原本就存在的文件。

feed1.ffm是一個緩衝文件，fserver啓動後，feed1.ffm就會自動被建立，feed1.ffm開始的部分已經寫入向客戶端傳送流的配置信息，在feed1.ffm作緩衝用的時候，這些信息是不會被覆蓋掉。

ffmpeg啓動的一個關鍵參數就是「http://ip:port/feed1.ffm」，其中ip是運行ffserver主機的ip，若是ffmpeg和ffserver都在同一系統中運行的話，用localhost或者127.0.0.1也行。ffmpeg啓動後會與ffserver創建一個鏈接(短暫的鏈接)，經過這第一次的鏈接，ffmpeg從ffserver那裏獲取了向客戶端輸出流的配置，並把這些配置做爲本身編碼輸出的配置，而後ffmpeg斷開了此次鏈接，再次與ffserver創建鏈接(長久的鏈接)，利用這個鏈接ffmpeg會把編碼後的數據發送給ffserver。若是你觀察ffserver端的輸出就會發現這段時間會出現兩次HTTP的200，這就是兩次鏈接的過程。

三、鏈接過程

ffmpeg從攝像頭獲取數據後，按照輸出流的編碼方式編碼，而後發送給ffserver，ffserver收到ffmpeg的數據後，若是網絡上沒有播放的請求，就把數據寫入feed1.ffm中緩存，寫入時把數據加上些頭信息而後分塊，每塊4096B（每塊也有結構），當feed1.ffm的大小到了ffserver.conf中規定的大小後，就會從文件開始（跳過頭）寫入，覆蓋舊的數據。直到網絡上有播放的請求，ffserver從feed1.ffm中讀取數據，發送給客戶端。

 

 

2、配置與應用

 

ffserver能夠配置爲帶緩衝或者不帶緩衝，其中不帶緩衝的只須要配置stream的位置，不須要feed和ffmpeg。

ffserver配置文件能夠參考ffmpeg源碼中的doc/ffserver.conf，裏邊有詳細的註釋。文件的結構能夠分爲頭部信息、實時流信息、格式信息。

 

一、不帶緩衝

最簡單的配置文件以下

Port 9999

RTSPPort9990

BindAddress0.0.0.0

MaxClients1000

MaxBandwidth100000

CustomLog–

#只須要指定待播放的文件的路徑以及格式信息便可

<Streamtest.flv>

   File "/home/test.flv"

   Format flv

</Stream>

#rtsp應用

<Streamtest.mpg>

File"myfile/testvideo/test.mpg"

Format rtp

</Stream>

 

命令符：

1. 在終端裏輸入ffserver -f /etc/ffserver.conf

2. 在瀏覽器裏或者相關播放器地址裏輸入 http://ipAddr:port/test.flv

備註：一、Port爲配置裏面的9999，文件名直接輸入流的文件名便可。

     二、實際測試flv等格式均可以播放。

三、測試須要的test.flv的可使用ffmpeg錄製，命令是

ffmpeg -f v4l2 -s 320*240 -r 10 -i /dev/video2-vcodec flv  /test.flv

 

 

二、帶緩衝

配置文件以下

Port 9999

RTSPPort9990

BindAddress0.0.0.0

MaxClients1000

MaxBandwidth10000

CustomLog–

 

<Feed feed1.ffm>

File/tmp/feed1.ffm

FileMaxSize40k

ACL allow127.0.0.1

</Feed>

 

<Stream test.flv>

Feedfeed1.ffm

Formatflv

BitExact

DctFastint

IdctSimple

VideoFrameRate10

VideoSize320x240

VideoBitRate64

VideoGopSize10

NoAudio

 

PreRoll10

StartSendOnKey

MaxTime100

 

</Stream>

 

 

 

 

 

要點：

一、實時流數據配置，其中注意文件的位置，能夠放到tmp文件夾下面，這樣會被自動清理掉。

二、每一個不一樣的流都來自feed1.ffm，所以配置越多的流，當執行的時候，會逐個轉換，影響速度，通常不建議多配置。

三、ACL allow表示ip的地址範圍，好比ACL allow 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255

 

命令符：

1． 在終端裏輸入

ffserver -f/etc/ffserver.conf

2． a.如果文件方式則輸入

ffmpeg -i/home/test.flv http://127.0.0.1:9999/test.flv

b.如果實時視頻則輸入

ffmpeg -fv4l2 -framerate 30 -i /dev/video2http://127.0.0.1:9999/feed1.ffm

 

三、運行客戶端命令

http://192.168.1.230:9999/test.flv

rtsp://ip:port/rtsp.mpg

 

 

3、流的格式

文件的拓展名對應必定的格式，經常使用的有：

拓展名	格式
flv	flv
mp4	mp4
mpg	rtp
	libx264
.asf	asf
.mjpg	mjpg
.jpg	jpeg

 

配置例子：

 

Multipart JPEG

<Stream test.mjpg> Feed feed1.ffm Format mpjpeg VideoFrameRate 2 VideoIntraOnly NoAudio Strict -1 </Stream>

Single JPEG

<Stream test.jpg> Feed feed1.ffm Format jpeg VideoFrameRate 2 VideoIntraOnly VideoSize 352x240 NoAudio Strict -1 </Stream>

Flash

<Stream test.swf> Feed feed1.ffm Format swf VideoFrameRate 2 VideoIntraOnly NoAudio </Stream>

ASF compatible

<Stream test.asf> Feed feed1.ffm Format asf VideoFrameRate 15 VideoSize 352x240 VideoBitRate 256 VideoBufferSize 40 VideoGopSize 30 AudioBitRate 64 StartSendOnKey </Stream>

MP3 audio

<Stream test.mp3> Feed feed1.ffm Format mp2 AudioCodec mp3 AudioBitRate 64 AudioChannels 1 AudioSampleRate 44100 NoVideo </Stream>

Ogg Vorbis audio

<Stream test.ogg> Feed feed1.ffm Metadata title "Stream title" AudioBitRate 64 AudioChannels 2 AudioSampleRate 44100 NoVideo </Stream>

Real with audio only at 32 kbits

<Stream test.ra> Feed feed1.ffm Format rm AudioBitRate 32 NoVideo </Stream>

Real with audio and video at 64 kbits

<Stream test.rm> Feed feed1.ffm Format rm AudioBitRate 32 VideoBitRate 128 VideoFrameRate 25 VideoGopSize 25 </Stream>

For stream coming from a file: you onlyneed to set the input filename and optionally a new format.

<Stream file.rm> File "/usr/local/httpd/htdocs/tlive.rm" NoAudio </Stream>

•  

<Stream file.asf> File "/usr/local/httpd/htdocs/test.asf" NoAudio Metadata author "Me" Metadata copyright "Super MegaCorp" Metadata title "Test stream from disk" Metadata comment "Test comment" </Stream>

 

 

 

 

 

實測可行的例子

配置：

<Streammy.mp4>

Formatrtp

File"/home/my.mp4"

</Stream>

 

客戶端命令 rtsp://192.168.1.230:9990/my.mp4

端口就是rtp的端口。使用http協議不能訪問。

 

 

 

<Streamtest.mp4>

Feedfeed1.ffm

Formatrtp

BitExact

DctFastint

IdctSimple

VideoFrameRate10

VideoSize320x240

VideoBitRate64

VideoGopSize10

NoAudio

 

PreRoll10

StartSendOnKey

MaxTime100

 

</Stream>

 

ffmpeg -fv4l2 -r 10 -I /dev/video2 http://127.0.0.1:9999/feed1.ffm

客戶端命令 rtsp://192.168.1.230:9990/test.mp4

 

<Streamlive.h264>

Formatrtp

Feedfeed1.ffm

VideoCodeclibx264

VideoFrameRate24

VideoBitRate100

VideoSize480x272

AVPresetVideodefault

AVPresetVideobaseline

AVOptionVideoflags +global_header

 

AudioCodeclibfaac

AudioBitRate32

AudioChannels2

AudioSampleRate22050

AVOptionAudioflags +global_header

</Stream>

 

使用H.264編碼時，使用命令

 

ffmpeg -f v4l2 -s 176*144 -r 2 -i /dev/video0-vcodec libx264 http://192.168.1.6:8090/feed1.ffm

ffmpeg-f v4l2 -s 176*144 -r 2 -vpre libx264-hq.ffpreset -i /dev/video0 -vcodeclibx264http://localhost:8090/feed1.ffm

ffmpeg-f v4l2 -s 176*144 -r 10 -vpre libx264-hq.ffpreset-i /dev/video0 -vcodec libx264 -f rtprtp://192.168.1.105:6060 > /tmp/x264.sdp

 

4、協議

HTTP協議的地址格式爲：

http://ffserver_ip_address:http_port/stream_name[options]

RTSP協議的地址格式爲：

http://ffserver_ip_address:rtsp_port/stream_name[options]

 

 

Sampleffserver configuration file

Port 8090

BindAddress 0.0.0.0

MaxHTTPConnections 2000

MaxClients 1000

MaxBandwidth 1000

CustomLog -

##################################################################

<Feed feed1.ffm>

# ffmpeg http://localhost:8090/feed1.ffm

File /tmp/feed1.ffm

FileMaxSize 200K

ACL allow 127.0.0.1

</Feed>

##################################################################

<Stream test1.mpg>

Feed feed1.ffm

# Format of the stream : you can choose among:

# mpeg       : MPEG-1 multiplexed video and audio

# mpegvideo  : only MPEG-1 video

# mp2        : MPEG-2 audio (use AudioCodec to select layer 2 and 3 codec)

# ogg        : Ogg format (Vorbis audio codec)

# rm         : RealNetworks-compatible stream. Multiplexed audio and video.

# ra         : RealNetworks-compatible stream. Audio only.

# mpjpeg     : Multipart JPEG (works with Netscape without any plugin)

# jpeg       : Generate a single JPEG image.

# asf        : ASF compatible streaming (Windows Media Player format).

# swf        : Macromedia Flash compatible stream

# avi        : AVI format (MPEG-4 video, MPEG audio sound)

Format mpeg

# Bitrate for the audio stream. Codecs usually support only a few

# different bitrates.

AudioBitRate 32

# Number of audio channels: 1 = mono, 2 = stereo

AudioChannels 1

# Sampling frequency for audio. When using low bitrates, you should

# lower this frequency to 22050 or 11025. The supported frequencies

# depend on the selected audio codec.

AudioSampleRate 44100

# Bitrate for the video stream

VideoBitRate 64

# Ratecontrol buffer size

VideoBufferSize 40

# Number of frames per second

VideoFrameRate 3

# Size of the video frame: WxH (default: 160x128)

# The following abbreviations are defined: sqcif, qcif, cif, 4cif, qqvga,

# qvga, vga, svga, xga, uxga, qxga, sxga, qsxga, hsxga, wvga, wxga, wsxga,

# wuxga, woxga, wqsxga, wquxga, whsxga, whuxga, cga, ega, hd480, hd720,

# hd1080

VideoSize 160x128

# Transmit only intra frames (useful for low bitrates, but kills frame rate).

#VideoIntraOnly

# If non-intra only, an intra frame is transmitted every VideoGopSize

# frames. Video synchronization can only begin at an intra frame.

VideoGopSize 12

# More MPEG-4 parameters

# VideoHighQuality

# Video4MotionVector

# Choose your codecs:

#AudioCodec mp2

#VideoCodec mpeg1video

# Suppress audio

#NoAudio

# Suppress video

#NoVideo

#VideoQMin 3

#VideoQMax 31

# Set this to the number of seconds backwards in time to start. Note that

# most players will buffer 5-10 seconds of video, and also you need to allow

# for a keyframe to appear in the data stream.

#Preroll 15

# ACL:

# You can allow ranges of addresses (or single addresses)

#ACL ALLOW <first address> 

# You can deny ranges of addresses (or single addresses)

#ACL DENY <first address> 

# You can repeat the ACL allow/deny as often as you like. It is on a per

# stream basis. The first match defines the action. If there are no matches,

# then the default is the inverse of the last ACL statement.

#

# Thus 'ACL allow localhost' only allows access from localhost.

# 'ACL deny 1.0.0.0 1.255.255.255' would deny the whole of network 1 and

# allow everybody else.

</Stream>

##################################################################

# Example streams

# Multipart JPEG

#<Stream test.mjpg>

#Feed feed1.ffm

#Format mpjpeg

#VideoFrameRate 2

#VideoIntraOnly

#NoAudio

#Strict -1

#</Stream>

# Single JPEG

#<Stream test.jpg>

#Feed feed1.ffm

#Format jpeg

#VideoFrameRate 2

#VideoIntraOnly

##VideoSize 352x240

#NoAudio

#Strict -1

#</Stream>

# Flash

#<Stream test.swf>

#Feed feed1.ffm

#Format swf

#VideoFrameRate 2

#VideoIntraOnly

#NoAudio

#</Stream>

# ASF compatible

<Stream test.asf>

Feed feed1.ffm

Format asf

VideoFrameRate 15

VideoSize 352x240

VideoBitRate 256

VideoBufferSize 40

VideoGopSize 30

AudioBitRate 64

StartSendOnKey

</Stream>

# MP3 audio

#<Stream test.mp3>

#Feed feed1.ffm

#Format mp2

#AudioCodec mp3

#AudioBitRate 64

#AudioChannels 1

#AudioSampleRate 44100

#NoVideo

#</Stream>

# Ogg Vorbis audio

#<Stream test.ogg>

#Feed feed1.ffm

#Title "Stream title"

#AudioBitRate 64

#AudioChannels 2

#AudioSampleRate 44100

#NoVideo

#</Stream>

# Real with audio only at 32 kbits

#<Stream test.ra>

#Feed feed1.ffm

#Format rm

#AudioBitRate 32

#NoVideo

#NoAudio

#</Stream>

# Real with audio and video at 64 kbits

#<Stream test.rm>

#Feed feed1.ffm

#Format rm

#AudioBitRate 32

#VideoBitRate 128

#VideoFrameRate 25

#VideoGopSize 25

#NoAudio

#</Stream>

##################################################################

# A stream coming from a file: you only need to set the input

# filename and optionally a new format. Supported conversions:

#    AVI -> ASF

#<Stream file.rm>

#File "/usr/local/httpd/htdocs/tlive.rm"

#NoAudio

#</Stream>

#<Stream file.asf>

#File "/usr/local/httpd/htdocs/test.asf"

#NoAudio

#Author "Me"

#Copyright "Super MegaCorp"

#Title "Test stream from disk"

#Comment "Test comment"

#</Stream>

##################################################################

# RTSP examples

#

# You can access this stream with the RTSP URL:

#   rtsp://localhost:5454/test1-rtsp.mpg

#

# A non-standard RTSP redirector is also created. Its URL is:

#   http://localhost:8090/test1-rtsp.rtsp

#<Stream test1-rtsp.mpg>

#Format rtp

#File "/usr/local/httpd/htdocs/test1.mpg"

#</Stream>

# Transcode an incoming live feed to another live feed,

# using libx264 and video presets

#<Stream live.h264>

#Format rtp

#Feed feed1.ffm

#VideoCodec libx264

#VideoFrameRate 24

#VideoBitRate 100

#VideoSize 480x272

#AVPresetVideo default

#AVPresetVideo baseline

#AVOptionVideo flags +global_header

#

#AudioCodec libfaac

#AudioBitRate 32

#AudioChannels 2

#AudioSampleRate 22050

#AVOptionAudio flags +global_header

#</Stream>

##################################################################

# SDP/multicast examples

#

# If you want to send your stream in multicast, you must set the

# multicast address with MulticastAddress. The port and the TTL can

# also be set.

#

# An SDP file is automatically generated by ffserver by adding the

# 'sdp' extension to the stream name (here

# http://localhost:8090/test1-sdp.sdp). You should usually give this

# file to your player to play the stream.

#

# The 'NoLoop' option can be used to avoid looping when the stream is

# terminated.

#<Stream test1-sdp.mpg>

#Format rtp

#File "/usr/local/httpd/htdocs/test1.mpg"

#MulticastAddress 224.124.0.1

#MulticastPort 5000

#MulticastTTL 16

#NoLoop

#</Stream>

##################################################################

# Special streams

# Server status

<Stream stat.html>

Format status

# Only allow local people to get the status

ACL allow localhost

ACL allow 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255

#FaviconURL http://pond1.gladstonefamily.net:8080/favicon.ico

</Stream>

# Redirect index.html to the appropriate site

<Redirect index.html>

URL http://www.ffmpeg.org/

</Redirect>