ListView之多種類型Item

1、概述html

通常而言,listview每一個item的樣式是同樣的,但也有不少應用場景下不一樣位置的item須要不一樣的樣式。android

拿微信舉例,前者的表明做是消息列表,然後者的典型則是聊天會話界面。web

本文重點介紹後者,也就是多類型item的listview的實現思路和方法,好比實現一個這樣的聊天會話頁面:算法

 

2、實現思路json

2.1 第一種思路用「一種類型」變相實現多種類型數組

這種思路其實與 ListView之點擊展開菜單 這篇文章的原理同樣,每一個item的佈局都包含全部類型的元素:微信

 

對於每一個item,根據實際類型,控制「日期」、「發出的消息」、「接收的消息」這三部分的顯示/隱藏便可。app

這種思路的優點在於好理解,是單一類型的listview的擴展,卻並不適合本文描述的應用場景。ide

由於每一個item實際上只會顯示「日期」、「發出的消息」、「接收的消息」中的一種,因此每一個item都inflate出來一個「全家桶」layout再隱藏其中的兩個,實在是一種資源浪費。佈局

 

2.2 第二種思路:利用Adapter原生支持的多類型

其實 android.widget.Adapter 類已經原生支持了多種類型item的模式,並提供了 int getViewTypeCount();  int getItemViewType(int position); 兩個方法

只不過在 android.widget.BaseAdapter 中對這兩個方法進行了以下的默認實現:

1 public int getViewTypeCount() {
2     return 1;
3 }
4 
5 public int getItemViewType(int position) {
6     return 0;
7 }

那咱們要作的就是根據實際的數據,對這兩個方法進行正確的返回。

本文采用第二種思路實現多種類型item的listview。

   [轉載請保留本文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/snser/p/5539749.html] 

3、開始幹活

3.1 首先準備好listview的數據和三種item佈局

ListViewMultiTypeActivity$JsonListData:

 1     private static class JsonListData {
 2         public static class Message {
 3             public static final int TYPE_COUNT = 3;
 4             public static final int TYPE_DATE = 0x00;
 5             public static final int TYPE_TXT_SENT = 0x01;
 6             public static final int TYPE_TXT_RECV = 0x02;
 7             public int type;
 8             public String txt;
 9             public long time;
10         }
11         public List<Message> messages = new ArrayList<Message>();
12     }
View Code

listview_multitype_data.json:

{
    "messages": [
        {
            "type": 0,
            "time": 1467284175
        },
        {
            "type": 1,
            "txt": "你好"
        },
        {
            "type": 2,
            "txt": "你纔好"
        },
        {
            "type": 1,
            "txt": "對話,指兩個或更多的人用語言交談,多指小說或戲劇裏的人物之間的"
        },
        {
            "type": 2,
            "txt": "京東童書節低至300減180"
        },
        {
            "type": 1,
            "txt": "http://www.cnblogs.com/snser/"
        },
        {
            "type": 2,
            "txt": "京東商城目前已成長爲中國最大的自營式電商企業,2015年第三季度在中國自營式B2C電商市場的佔有率爲56.9%。"
        },
        {
            "type": 0,
            "time": 1467289175
        },
        {
            "type": 1,
            "txt": "京東金融現已創建七大業務板塊,分別是供應鏈金融、消費金融、衆籌、財富管理、支付、保險、證券,陸續推出了京保貝、白條、京東錢包、小金庫、京小貸、產品衆籌、私募股權融資、小白理財等創新產品"
        },
        {
            "type": 2,
            "txt": "您目前沒有新消息"
        },
        {
            "type": 2,
            "txt": "黑炎凝聚,竟是直接化爲了一頭仰天長嘯的黑色巨鳥,然後它彷彿是發現了牧塵飄蕩的意識,化爲一道黑色火焰,眼芒兇狠的對着他的意識暴衝而來"
        },
        {
            "type": 0,
            "time": 1467294175
        },
        {
            "type": 2,
            "txt": "國務院罕見派出民間投資督查組:活力不夠形勢嚴峻"
        },
        {
            "type": 1,
            "txt": "那一道清鳴,並不算太過的響亮,但倒是讓得牧塵如遭雷擊,整個身體都是僵硬了下來,腦子裏迴盪着嗡嗡的聲音。"
        },
        {
            "type": 2,
            "txt": "據海關統計,今年前4個月,我國進出口總值7.17萬億元人民幣,比去年同期(下同)降低4.4%。其中,出口4.14萬億元,降低2.1%;進口3.03萬億元,降低7.5%;貿易順差1.11萬億元,擴大16.5%。"
        },
        {
            "type": 1,
            "txt": "在介紹算法的時空複雜度分析方法前,咱們先來介紹如下如何來量化算法的實際運行性能,這裏咱們選取的衡量算法性能的量化指標是它的實際運行時間。"
        },
        {
            "type": 2,
            "txt": "你拍一"
        },
        {
            "type": 2,
            "txt": "我拍一"
        },
        {
            "type": 1,
            "txt": "一二三四五六七"
        }
    ]
}
View Code

ListViewMultiTypeActivity.onCreate 

 1     protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
 2         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
 3         setContentView(R.layout.listview_multi_type);
 4         
 5         JsonListData data = null;
 6         try {
 7             InputStream is = getResources().getAssets().open("listview_multitype_data.json");
 8             InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(is);
 9             Gson gson = new GsonBuilder().serializeNulls().create();
10             data = gson.fromJson(isr, JsonListData.class);
11         } catch (Exception e) {
12             e.printStackTrace();
13         }
14         
15         if (data != null && data.messages != null) {
16             mList = (ListView)findViewById(R.id.listview_multi_type_list);
17             mList.setAdapter(new MultiTypeAdapter(ListViewMultiTypeActivity.this, data.messages));
18         }
19     }

listview_multi_type_item_date.xml

 1 <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
 2     xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
 3     android:layout_width="match_parent"
 4     android:layout_height="match_parent"
 5     android:background="#EEEEEE"
 6     android:orientation="vertical"
 7     tools:context="${relativePackage}.${activityClass}" >
 8 
 9     <TextView
10         android:id="@+id/listview_multi_type_item_date_txt"
11         android:layout_width="wrap_content"
12         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
13         android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
14         android:layout_margin="6dp"
15         android:padding="3dp"
16         android:background="#CCCCCC"
17         android:textColor="@android:color/white"
18         android:textSize="12sp"
19         android:text="2015年3月25日 18:44" />
20     
21 </LinearLayout>
View Code

listview_multi_type_item_txt_sent.xml

 1 <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
 2     xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
 3     android:layout_width="match_parent"
 4     android:layout_height="match_parent"
 5     android:background="#EEEEEE"
 6     android:orientation="vertical"
 7     tools:context="${relativePackage}.${activityClass}" >
 8 
 9     <TextView
10         android:id="@+id/listview_multi_type_item_txt_sent_txt"
11         android:layout_width="wrap_content"
12         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
13         android:maxWidth="250dp"
14         android:layout_gravity="right"
15         android:layout_margin="4dp"
16         android:paddingTop="5dp"
17         android:paddingBottom="5dp"
18         android:paddingRight="10dp"
19         android:paddingLeft="5dp"
20         android:background="@drawable/listview_multi_type_item_txt_sent_bg"
21         android:textColor="@android:color/black"
22         android:textSize="13sp"
23         android:text="發出的消息"
24         android:autoLink="web" />
25     
26 </LinearLayout>
View Code

listview_multi_type_item_txt_recv.xml

 1 <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
 2     xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
 3     android:layout_width="match_parent"
 4     android:layout_height="match_parent"
 5     android:background="#EEEEEE"
 6     android:orientation="vertical"
 7     tools:context="${relativePackage}.${activityClass}" >
 8 
 9     <TextView
10         android:id="@+id/listview_multi_type_item_txt_recv_txt"
11         android:layout_width="wrap_content"
12         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
13         android:maxWidth="250dp"
14         android:layout_gravity="left"
15         android:layout_margin="4dp"
16         android:paddingTop="5dp"
17         android:paddingBottom="5dp"
18         android:paddingRight="5dp"
19         android:paddingLeft="10dp"
20         android:background="@drawable/listview_multi_type_item_txt_recv_bg"
21         android:textColor="@android:color/black"
22         android:textSize="13sp"
23         android:text="接收的消息"
24         android:autoLink="web" />
25     
26 </LinearLayout>
View Code

 

3.2 重頭戲在於Adapter的處理

  1     private class MultiTypeAdapter extends BaseAdapter {
  2         private LayoutInflater mInflater;
  3         private List<JsonListData.Message> mMessages;
  4         private SimpleDateFormat mSdfDate = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy年MM月dd日 HH:mm:ss", Locale.getDefault());
  5         
  6         public MultiTypeAdapter(Context context, List<JsonListData.Message> messages) {
  7             mInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context);
  8             mMessages = messages;
  9         }
 10         
 11         private class DateViewHolder {
 12             public DateViewHolder(View viewRoot) {
 13                 date = (TextView)viewRoot.findViewById(R.id.listview_multi_type_item_date_txt);
 14             }
 15             public TextView date;
 16         }
 17         
 18         private class TxtSentViewHolder {
 19             public TxtSentViewHolder(View viewRoot) {
 20                 txt = (TextView)viewRoot.findViewById(R.id.listview_multi_type_item_txt_sent_txt);
 21             }
 22             public TextView txt;
 23         }
 24         
 25         private class TxtRecvViewHolder {
 26             public TxtRecvViewHolder(View viewRoot) {
 27                 txt = (TextView)viewRoot.findViewById(R.id.listview_multi_type_item_txt_recv_txt);
 28             }
 29             public TextView txt;
 30         }
 31         
 32         @Override
 33         public int getViewTypeCount() {
 34             return JsonListData.Message.TYPE_COUNT;
 35         }
 36         
 37         @Override
 38         public int getItemViewType(int position) {
 39             return getItem(position).type;
 40         }
 41         
 42         @Override
 43         public int getCount() {
 44             return mMessages.size();
 45         }
 46 
 47         @Override
 48         public JsonListData.Message getItem(int position) {
 49             return mMessages.get(position);
 50         }
 51 
 52         @Override
 53         public long getItemId(int position) {
 54             return position;
 55         }
 56 
 57         @Override
 58         public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
 59             switch (getItemViewType(position)) {
 60                 case JsonListData.Message.TYPE_DATE:
 61                     return handleGetDateView(position, convertView, parent);
 62                 case JsonListData.Message.TYPE_TXT_SENT:
 63                     return handleGetTxtSentView(position, convertView, parent);
 64                 case JsonListData.Message.TYPE_TXT_RECV:
 65                     return handleGetTxtRecvView(position, convertView, parent);
 66                 default:
 67                     return null;
 68             }
 69         }
 70         
 71         private View handleGetDateView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
 72             if (convertView == null) {
 73                 convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.listview_multi_type_item_date, parent, false);
 74                 convertView.setTag(new DateViewHolder(convertView));
 75             }
 76             if (convertView != null && convertView.getTag() instanceof DateViewHolder) {
 77                 final DateViewHolder holder = (DateViewHolder)convertView.getTag();
 78                 holder.date.setText(formatTime(getItem(position).time));
 79             }
 80             return convertView;
 81         }
 82         
 83         private View handleGetTxtSentView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
 84             if (convertView == null) {
 85                 convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.listview_multi_type_item_txt_sent, parent, false);
 86                 convertView.setTag(new TxtSentViewHolder(convertView));
 87             }
 88             if (convertView != null && convertView.getTag() instanceof TxtSentViewHolder) {
 89                 final TxtSentViewHolder holder = (TxtSentViewHolder)convertView.getTag();
 90                 holder.txt.setText(getItem(position).txt);
 91             }
 92             return convertView;
 93         }
 94         
 95         private View handleGetTxtRecvView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
 96             if (convertView == null) {
 97                 convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.listview_multi_type_item_txt_recv, parent, false);
 98                 convertView.setTag(new TxtRecvViewHolder(convertView));
 99             }
100             if (convertView != null && convertView.getTag() instanceof TxtRecvViewHolder) {
101                 final TxtRecvViewHolder holder = (TxtRecvViewHolder)convertView.getTag();
102                 holder.txt.setText(getItem(position).txt);
103             }
104             return convertView;
105         }
106         
107         private String formatTime(long time) {
108             return mSdfDate.format(new Date(time * 1000));
109         }
110     }

能夠看到, int getViewTypeCount();  int getItemViewType(int position); 的處理是很是清晰的。

須要注意的在於,ViewType必須在 [0, getViewTypeCount() - 1] 範圍內

 

3.3 ViewHolder爲什麼能正確的工做

回顧一下單一類型的listview,其ViewHolder的工做機制在於系統會將滑出屏幕的item的view回收起來,並做爲getView的第二個參數 convertView 傳入。

那麼,在多種類型的listview中,滑出屏幕的view與即將滑入屏幕的view類型極可能是不一樣的,那這麼直接用不就掛了嗎?

其實否則,android針對多種類型item的狀況已經作好處理了,若是getView傳入的 convertView 不爲null,那它必定與當前item的view類型是匹配的。

因此,在3.2節中對ViewHolder的處理方式與單類型的listview並無本質區別,卻也能正常的工做。

  [轉載請保留本文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/snser/p/5539749.html] 

4、demo工程

保存下面的圖片,擴展名改爲 .zip 便可

  [轉載請保留本文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/snser/p/5539749.html] 

5、番外篇 —— ListView回收機制簡要剖析

在3.3節中簡單介紹了android系統會處理好多類型item的回收和重用,那具體是怎麼實現的呢?

下面簡要剖析一下支持多種類型item的listview中,View回收的工做機制。

5.1 View回收站的初始化

ListView的父類AbsListView中定義了一個內部類RecycleBin,這個類維護了listview滑動過程當中,view的回收和重用。

在ListView的 setAdapter 方法中,會經過調用 mRecycler.setViewTypeCount(mAdapter.getViewTypeCount()) 來初始化RecycleBin。

讓咱們看下RecycleBin中對應都作了什麼:

 1         public void setViewTypeCount(int viewTypeCount) {
 2             if (viewTypeCount < 1) {
 3                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Can't have a viewTypeCount < 1");
 4             }
 5             //noinspection unchecked
 6             ArrayList<View>[] scrapViews = new ArrayList[viewTypeCount];
 7             for (int i = 0; i < viewTypeCount; i++) {
 8                 scrapViews[i] = new ArrayList<View>();
 9             }
10             mViewTypeCount = viewTypeCount;
11             mCurrentScrap = scrapViews[0];
12             mScrapViews = scrapViews;
13         }

看源碼,說白了就是建立了一個大小爲 getViewTypeCount() 數組 mScrapViews ,從而爲每種類型的view維護了一個回收站,此外每種類型的回收站自身又是一個View數組。

這也就解釋了爲何ViewType必須在 [0, getViewTypeCount() - 1] 範圍內。

 

5.2 View回收站的構建和維護

AbsListView在滑動時,會調用 trackMotionScroll 方法:

 1     boolean trackMotionScroll(int deltaY, int incrementalDeltaY) {
 2         //...
 3         final boolean down = incrementalDeltaY < 0;
 4         //...
 5         if (down) {
 6             int top = -incrementalDeltaY;
 7             if ((mGroupFlags & CLIP_TO_PADDING_MASK) == CLIP_TO_PADDING_MASK) {
 8                 top += listPadding.top;
 9             }
10             for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) {
11                 final View child = getChildAt(i);
12                 if (child.getBottom() >= top) {
13                     break;
14                 } else {
15                     count++;
16                     int position = firstPosition + i;
17                     if (position >= headerViewsCount && position < footerViewsStart) {
18                         // The view will be rebound to new data, clear any
19                         // system-managed transient state.
20                         if (child.isAccessibilityFocused()) {
21                             child.clearAccessibilityFocus();
22                         }
23  mRecycler.addScrapView(child, position); 24                     }
25                 }
26             }
27         } else {
28             int bottom = getHeight() - incrementalDeltaY;
29             if ((mGroupFlags & CLIP_TO_PADDING_MASK) == CLIP_TO_PADDING_MASK) {
30                 bottom -= listPadding.bottom;
31             }
32             for (int i = childCount - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
33                 final View child = getChildAt(i);
34                 if (child.getTop() <= bottom) {
35                     break;
36                 } else {
37                     start = i;
38                     count++;
39                     int position = firstPosition + i;
40                     if (position >= headerViewsCount && position < footerViewsStart) {
41                         // The view will be rebound to new data, clear any
42                         // system-managed transient state.
43                         if (child.isAccessibilityFocused()) {
44                             child.clearAccessibilityFocus();
45                         }
46  mRecycler.addScrapView(child, position); 47                     }
48                 }
49             }
50         }
51         //...
52     }

 trackMotionScroll 方法中,會根據不一樣的滑動方向,調用 addScrapView ,將滑出屏幕的view加到RecycleBin中:

 1         void addScrapView(View scrap, int position) {
 2             final AbsListView.LayoutParams lp = (AbsListView.LayoutParams) scrap.getLayoutParams();
 3             if (lp == null) {
 4                 return;
 5             }
 6 
 7             lp.scrappedFromPosition = position;
 8 
 9             // Remove but don't scrap header or footer views, or views that
10             // should otherwise not be recycled.
11             final int viewType = lp.viewType;
12             if (!shouldRecycleViewType(viewType)) {
13                 return;
14             }
15 
16             scrap.dispatchStartTemporaryDetach();
17 
18             // The the accessibility state of the view may change while temporary
19             // detached and we do not allow detached views to fire accessibility
20             // events. So we are announcing that the subtree changed giving a chance
21             // to clients holding on to a view in this subtree to refresh it.
22             notifyViewAccessibilityStateChangedIfNeeded(
23                     AccessibilityEvent.CONTENT_CHANGE_TYPE_SUBTREE);
24 
25             // Don't scrap views that have transient state.
26             final boolean scrapHasTransientState = scrap.hasTransientState();
27             if (scrapHasTransientState) {
28                 if (mAdapter != null && mAdapterHasStableIds) {
29                     // If the adapter has stable IDs, we can reuse the view for
30                     // the same data.
31                     if (mTransientStateViewsById == null) {
32                         mTransientStateViewsById = new LongSparseArray<View>();
33                     }
34  mTransientStateViewsById.put(lp.itemId, scrap); 35                 } else if (!mDataChanged) {
36                     // If the data hasn't changed, we can reuse the views at
37                     // their old positions.
38                     if (mTransientStateViews == null) {
39                         mTransientStateViews = new SparseArray<View>();
40                     }
41  mTransientStateViews.put(position, scrap); 42                 } else {
43                     // Otherwise, we'll have to remove the view and start over.
44                     if (mSkippedScrap == null) {
45                         mSkippedScrap = new ArrayList<View>();
46                     }
47                     mSkippedScrap.add(scrap);
48                 }
49             } else {
50                 if (mViewTypeCount == 1) {
51                     mCurrentScrap.add(scrap);
52                 } else {
53  mScrapViews[viewType].add(scrap); 54                 }
55 
56                 // Clear any system-managed transient state.
57                 if (scrap.isAccessibilityFocused()) {
58                     scrap.clearAccessibilityFocus();
59                 }
60 
61                 scrap.setAccessibilityDelegate(null);
62 
63                 if (mRecyclerListener != null) {
64                     mRecyclerListener.onMovedToScrapHeap(scrap);
65                 }
66             }
67         }

 addScrapView 方法中,被回收的view會根據其類型加入 mScrapViews 中。

特別的,若是這個view處於TransientState(瞬態,view正在播放動畫或其餘狀況),則會被存入 mTransientStateViewsById  mTransientStateViews 

 

5.3 從View回收站獲取View

Adapter的getView方法在AbsListView的 obtainView 中被調用:

 1     View obtainView(int position, boolean[] isScrap) {
 2         Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, "obtainView");
 3         isScrap[0] = false;
 4         View scrapView;
 5         scrapView = mRecycler.getTransientStateView(position);  6         if (scrapView == null) {
 7             scrapView = mRecycler.getScrapView(position);  8         }
 9         
10         View child;
11         if (scrapView != null) {
12             child = mAdapter.getView(position, scrapView, this); 13             if (child.getImportantForAccessibility() == IMPORTANT_FOR_ACCESSIBILITY_AUTO) {
14                 child.setImportantForAccessibility(IMPORTANT_FOR_ACCESSIBILITY_YES);
15             }
16             if (child != scrapView) {
17  mRecycler.addScrapView(scrapView, position); 18                 if (mCacheColorHint != 0) {
19                     child.setDrawingCacheBackgroundColor(mCacheColorHint);
20                 }
21             } else {
22                 isScrap[0] = true;
23                 // Clear any system-managed transient state so that we can
24                 // recycle this view and bind it to different data.
25                 if (child.isAccessibilityFocused()) {
26                     child.clearAccessibilityFocus();
27                 }
28                 child.dispatchFinishTemporaryDetach();
29             }
30         } else {
31             child = mAdapter.getView(position, null, this); 32             if (child.getImportantForAccessibility() == IMPORTANT_FOR_ACCESSIBILITY_AUTO) {
33                 child.setImportantForAccessibility(IMPORTANT_FOR_ACCESSIBILITY_YES);
34             }
35             if (mCacheColorHint != 0) {
36                 child.setDrawingCacheBackgroundColor(mCacheColorHint);
37             }
38         }
39         
40         //...
41         
42         return child;
43     }

能夠看到,對於不處於TransientState的View,將會嘗試經過 getScrapView 方法獲取回收的View,若是有,就會做爲參數傳入Adatper的getView方法中。

 getScrapView 方法,其實就是先調用Adapter的 getItemViewType 方法取position對應的view類型,而後從 mScrapViews 中根據類型取view。

 1         View getScrapView(int position) {
 2             if (mViewTypeCount == 1) {
 3                 return retrieveFromScrap(mCurrentScrap, position);
 4             } else {
 5                 int whichScrap = mAdapter.getItemViewType(position);
 6                 if (whichScrap >= 0 && whichScrap < mScrapViews.length) {
 7                     return retrieveFromScrap(mScrapViews[whichScrap], position);
 8                 }
 9             }
10             return null;
11         }

至此,咱們簡要了解了多類型的listview中,是如何在滑動屏幕時回收view並進行重用的。

而如何維護每一個類型item對應的View數組,以及TransientState的維護,本篇文章就不作詳細介紹了,有興趣的讀者能夠着重研究一下AbsListView的源碼。

 

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