MySQL邏輯備份into outfile

時間  2019-11-08
標籤 mysql 邏輯 備份 outfile 欄目 MySQL 简体版
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MySQL 備份之 into outfile

邏輯數據導出（備份）

用法：mysql

select  xxx  into outfile '/path/file' from table_name; 

mysql>select * into outfile '/back/emp3.sql'  from emp;

 不管是什麼存儲引擎，自己是一種數據導出的方法，同時能夠用來輔助備份，它能夠對一個表的其中一列或者某幾列作備份，若是是多列的話用逗號隔開sql

邏輯數據導入（恢復）

方法一：shell

load data local infile '/path/file'  into  table table_name;   

mysql> load data local infile '/back/emp.sql' into table emp;

 說明：該方法要求在編譯數據庫時要加上--enable-local-infile參數才能夠使用數據庫

方法二：apache

# mysqlimport   dbname /path/filename

說明：filename 必須和數據庫裏面表名同樣

綜合示例

例一

# 建立表
mysql> create table t1(id int, name varchar(32));

# 插入數據
mysql> insert into t1 values(1,'haha'),(2,'wowo'),(3,'lili'),(4,'yoyo');

# 查看錶
mysql> select * from t1;
+------+------+
| id   | name |
+------+------+
|    1 | haha |
|    2 | wowo |
|    3 | lili |
|    4 | yoyo |
+------+------+

# 備份
mysql> select id, name into outfile '/tmp/back_mysql' from t1;
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.01 sec)

查看備份bash

[root@Admin ~]# cat /tmp/back_mysql 
1    haha
2    wowo
3    lili
4    yoyo

刪除數據並測試ssh

mysql> delete from t1 where id=3;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from t1;
+------+------+
| id   | name |
+------+------+
|    1 | haha |
|    2 | wowo |
|    4 | yoyo |
+------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> load data local infile '/tmp/back_mysql' into table t1;
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 4  Deleted: 0  Skipped: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from t1;
+------+------+
| id   | name |
+------+------+
|    1 | haha |
|    2 | wowo |
|    4 | yoyo |
|    1 | haha |
|    2 | wowo |
|    3 | lili |
|    4 | yoyo |
+------+------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
View Code

例二

建立一個表，把系統裏的/etc/passwd導入數據庫tcp

create table password(
    username varchar(40),
    password char(5),
    uid int,
    gid int,
    comment varchar(30),
    homedir varchar(30),
    shell varchar(30));

處理passwd文件，將：替換成製表符ide

[root@Admin ~]# sed -n 's/:/\t/gp' /etc/passwd >/tmp/passwd

導入數據庫post

方法一：

mysql> load data local infile '/tmp/passwd' into table password;
mysql> select * from password;
+---------------+----------+-------+-------+------------------------------+------------------------+----------------+
| username      | password | uid   | gid   | comment                      | homedir                | shell          |
+---------------+----------+-------+-------+------------------------------+------------------------+----------------+
| root          | x        |     0 |     0 | root                         | /root                  | /bin/bash      |
| bin           | x        |     1 |     1 | bin                          | /bin                   | /sbin/nologin  |
| daemon        | x        |     2 |     2 | daemon                       | /sbin                  | /sbin/nologin  |
| adm           | x        |     3 |     4 | adm                          | /var/adm               | /sbin/nologin  |
| lp            | x        |     4 |     7 | lp                           | /var/spool/lpd         | /sbin/nologin  |
| sync          | x        |     5 |     0 | sync                         | /sbin                  | /bin/sync      |
| shutdown      | x        |     6 |     0 | shutdown                     | /sbin                  | /sbin/shutdown |
| halt          | x        |     7 |     0 | halt                         | /sbin                  | /sbin/halt     |
| mail          | x        |     8 |    12 | mail                         | /var/spool/mail        | /sbin/nologin  |
| uucp          | x        |    10 |    14 | uucp                         | /var/spool/uucp        | /sbin/nologin  |
| operator      | x        |    11 |     0 | operator                     | /root                  | /sbin/nologin  |
| games         | x        |    12 |   100 | games                        | /usr/games             | /sbin/nologin  |
| gopher        | x        |    13 |    30 | gopher                       | /var/gopher            | /sbin/nologin  |
| ftp           | x        |    14 |    50 | FTP User                     | /var/ftp               | /sbin/nologin  |
| nobody        | x        |    99 |    99 | Nobody                       | /                      | /sbin/nologin  |
| dbus          | x        |    81 |    81 | System message bus           | /                      | /sbin/nologin  |
| usbmuxd       | x        |   113 |   113 | usbmuxd user                 | /                      | /sbin/nologin  |
| rpc           | x        |    32 |    32 | Rpcbind Daemon               | /var/lib/rpcbind       | /sbin/nologin  |
| rtkit         | x        |   499 |   499 | RealtimeKit                  | /proc                  | /sbin/nologin  |
| avahi-autoipd | x        |   170 |   170 | Avahi IPv4LL Stack           | /var/lib/avahi-autoipd | /sbin/nologin  |
| vcsa          | x        |    69 |    69 | virtual console memory owner | /dev                   | /sbin/nologin  |
| abrt          | x        |   173 |   173 |                              | /etc/abrt              | /sbin/nologin  |
| rpcuser       | x        |    29 |    29 | RPC Service User             | /var/lib/nfs           | /sbin/nologin  |
| nfsnobody     | x        | 65534 | 65534 | Anonymous NFS User           | /var/lib/nfs           | /sbin/nologin  |
| haldaemon     | x        |    68 |    68 | HAL daemon                   | /                      | /sbin/nologin  |
| ntp           | x        |    38 |    38 |                              | /etc/ntp               | /sbin/nologin  |
| apache        | x        |    48 |    48 | Apache                       | /var/www               | /sbin/nologin  |
| saslauth      | x        |   498 |    76 | Saslauthd user               | /var/empty/saslauth    | /sbin/nologin  |
| postfix       | x        |    89 |    89 |                              | /var/spool/postfix     | /sbin/nologin  |
| gdm           | x        |    42 |    42 |                              | /var/lib/gdm           | /sbin/nologin  |
| pulse         | x        |   497 |   496 | PulseAudio System Daemon     | /var/run/pulse         | /sbin/nologin  |
| sshd          | x        |    74 |    74 | Privilege-separated SSH      | /var/empty/sshd        | /sbin/nologin  |
| tcpdump       | x        |    72 |    72 |                              | /                      | /sbin/nologin  |
| mysql         | x        |    27 |    27 | MySQL Server                 | /var/lib/mysql         | /bin/bash      |
+---------------+----------+-------+-------+------------------------------+------------------------+----------------+

方法二：

經過mysqlimport進行導入

注意：導入的文件名必須和表名同樣

[root@Admin ~]# cp /etc/passwd /tmp/password
[root@Admin ~]# mysqlimport --fields-terminated-by=':' --lines-terminated-by='\n' login '/tmp/password'
login.password: Records: 34  Deleted: 0  Skipped: 0  Warnings: 0

# 說明：文件不需處理， 經過--fields-terminated-by=':' 和 --lines-terminated-by='\n' 將passwd文件中的冒號替換爲製表符
mysql> select * from password;
+---------------+----------+-------+-------+------------------------------+------------------------+----------------+
| username      | password | uid   | gid   | comment                      | homedir                | shell          |
+---------------+----------+-------+-------+------------------------------+------------------------+----------------+
| root          | x        |     0 |     0 | root                         | /root                  | /bin/bash      |
| bin           | x        |     1 |     1 | bin                          | /bin                   | /sbin/nologin  |
| daemon        | x        |     2 |     2 | daemon                       | /sbin                  | /sbin/nologin  |
| adm           | x        |     3 |     4 | adm                          | /var/adm               | /sbin/nologin  |
| lp            | x        |     4 |     7 | lp                           | /var/spool/lpd         | /sbin/nologin  |
| sync          | x        |     5 |     0 | sync                         | /sbin                  | /bin/sync      |
| shutdown      | x        |     6 |     0 | shutdown                     | /sbin                  | /sbin/shutdown |
| halt          | x        |     7 |     0 | halt                         | /sbin                  | /sbin/halt     |
| mail          | x        |     8 |    12 | mail                         | /var/spool/mail        | /sbin/nologin  |
| uucp          | x        |    10 |    14 | uucp                         | /var/spool/uucp        | /sbin/nologin  |
| operator      | x        |    11 |     0 | operator                     | /root                  | /sbin/nologin  |
| games         | x        |    12 |   100 | games                        | /usr/games             | /sbin/nologin  |
| gopher        | x        |    13 |    30 | gopher                       | /var/gopher            | /sbin/nologin  |
| ftp           | x        |    14 |    50 | FTP User                     | /var/ftp               | /sbin/nologin  |
| nobody        | x        |    99 |    99 | Nobody                       | /                      | /sbin/nologin  |
| dbus          | x        |    81 |    81 | System message bus           | /                      | /sbin/nologin  |
| usbmuxd       | x        |   113 |   113 | usbmuxd user                 | /                      | /sbin/nologin  |
| rpc           | x        |    32 |    32 | Rpcbind Daemon               | /var/lib/rpcbind       | /sbin/nologin  |
| rtkit         | x        |   499 |   499 | RealtimeKit                  | /proc                  | /sbin/nologin  |
| avahi-autoipd | x        |   170 |   170 | Avahi IPv4LL Stack           | /var/lib/avahi-autoipd | /sbin/nologin  |
| vcsa          | x        |    69 |    69 | virtual console memory owner | /dev                   | /sbin/nologin  |
| abrt          | x        |   173 |   173 |                              | /etc/abrt              | /sbin/nologin  |
| rpcuser       | x        |    29 |    29 | RPC Service User             | /var/lib/nfs           | /sbin/nologin  |
| nfsnobody     | x        | 65534 | 65534 | Anonymous NFS User           | /var/lib/nfs           | /sbin/nologin  |
| haldaemon     | x        |    68 |    68 | HAL daemon                   | /                      | /sbin/nologin  |
| ntp           | x        |    38 |    38 |                              | /etc/ntp               | /sbin/nologin  |
| apache        | x        |    48 |    48 | Apache                       | /var/www               | /sbin/nologin  |
| saslauth      | x        |   498 |    76 | Saslauthd user               | /var/empty/saslauth    | /sbin/nologin  |
| postfix       | x        |    89 |    89 |                              | /var/spool/postfix     | /sbin/nologin  |
| gdm           | x        |    42 |    42 |                              | /var/lib/gdm           | /sbin/nologin  |
| pulse         | x        |   497 |   496 | PulseAudio System Daemon     | /var/run/pulse         | /sbin/nologin  |
| sshd          | x        |    74 |    74 | Privilege-separated SSH      | /var/empty/sshd        | /sbin/nologin  |
| tcpdump       | x        |    72 |    72 |                              | /                      | /sbin/nologin  |
| mysql         | x        |    27 |    27 | MySQL Server                 | /var/lib/mysql         | /bin/bash      |
+---------------+----------+-------+-------+------------------------------+------------------------+----------------+
34 rows in set (0.00 sec)

例三

把用戶登陸系統的信息存儲到數據庫裏

須要顯示以下：

select username 用戶名, tty 登陸終端, ip 來源IP from login;

建立數據庫

mysql> create table login( username varchar(40), tty varchar(40), ip varchar(50));

處理登陸數據並存儲在文件裏

[root@Admin ~]# last -f /var/log/wtmp |sed -r '/^reboot|^wtmp/d' |awk '{print $1"\t"$2"\t"$3}'|tee /tmp/login

 存儲

  • 方法一： 
    mysql> load data local infile '/tmp/login' into table login;
  • 方法二： 
    [root@Admin ~]# mysqlimport login '/tmp/login'

查看結果

mysql> select username 用戶名, tty 登陸終端, ip 來源IP from login;
+-----------+--------------+---------------+
| 用戶名    | 登陸終端     | 來源IP        |
+-----------+--------------+---------------+
| root      | pts/2        | 192.168.1.131 |
| root      | pts/1        | 192.168.1.131 |
| root      | pts/1        | 192.168.1.131 |
| root      | pts/0        | :0.0          |
| root      | tty1         | :0            |
| root      | pts/0        | :0.0          |
| root      | tty1         | :0            |
|           |              |               |
+-----------+--------------+---------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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