1.1 redirect
重定向,服務器收到請求後發送一個狀態碼給客戶端,讓客戶端再從新請求,而且第一次請求中Request裏的數據消失。因此redirect至關於客戶端向服務器發出兩次請求,第一次請求的數據不會轉發給第二次請求,URL地址會變化兩次。html
1.2 forward
轉發(前往),服務器內部的重定向,在Servlet中經過RequestDispatcher轉發給另外一個程序處理請求,請求的數據依然在。因此forward至關於客戶端向服務器發送一次請求,服務器處理兩次,請求數據不會消失且URL地址只變化一次。java
2.1 Servlet中的forward與redirect
Servlet中的HttpServletResponse類中有sendRedirect(String location)方法直接重定向到URL爲location的地址。
應用:spring
1 @WebServlet(name="deleteOneServlet",urlPatterns="/deleteOne.action") 2 public class DeleteOneServlet extends HttpServlet{ 3 private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; 4 private ContentService contentService = new ContentService(); 5 @Override 6 protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)throws ServletException, IOException { 7 // 從頁面中獲取數據 8 String id = req.getParameter("id"); 9 // 調用Servive執行業務邏輯 10 contentService.deleteOne(id); 11 // 重定向 12 resp.sendRedirect("/list.action"); 13 } 14 }
Servlet能夠經過HttpServletRequest類的getRequestDispatcher(String path)得到RequestDispatcher對象,該經過該對象的forward(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response)方法轉發請求與相應給任何資源(如Servlet、HTML file、JSP file)。
RequestDispatcher類的API服務器
1 package javax.servlet; 2 public interface RequestDispatcher{ 3 public void forward(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException; 4 public void include(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException; 5 } 6 API上的介紹: 7 Defines an object that receives requests from the client and sends them to any resource (such as a servlet, HTML file, or JSP file) on the server. 8 The servlet container creates the RequestDispatcher object, which is used as a wrapper around a server resource located at a particular path or given by a particular name. 9 10 This interface is intended to wrap servlets, but a servlet container can create RequestDispatcher objects to wrap any type of resource.
應用:session
1 @WebServlet(name="query",urlPatterns="/query.action") 2 public class QueryServlet extends HttpServlet{ 3 private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; 4 private ContentService contentService = new ContentService(); 5 @Override 6 protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { 7 // 從頁面獲取參數 8 String command = req.getParameter("command"); 9 String description = req.getParameter("description"); 10 // 調用Service處理業務邏輯 11 List<Message> messages = contentService.query(command, description); 12 // 向頁面傳遞值 13 req.setAttribute("messages", messages); 14 req.setAttribute("command", command); 15 req.setAttribute("description", description); 16 // 轉發到視圖中 17 req.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/back/list.jsp").forward(req, resp); 18 } 19 }
2.2 SpringMVC中的Servlet
SpringMVC是基於Servlet的Web MVC框架,因此forward與redirect的處理結果同樣,方式更爲簡單。SpringMVC中的InternalResourceViewResolver視圖解析器會識別redirect與forward關鍵字,而後處理。
應用:mvc
1 @Controller 2 @RequestMapping(value="/springMVC") 3 public class UserController { 4 @RequestMapping(value="/login") 5 public String login() { 6 return "login"; 7 } 8 9 @RequestMapping(value="/upload", method=RequestMethod.POST) 10 public String fileUpload(@RequestPart(value="file") MultipartFile multipartFile) throws Exception{ 11 String path = "E:/java/fileupload/" + multipartFile.getOriginalFilename(); 12 multipartFile.transferTo(new File(path)); 13 // 重定向 14 return "redirect:/springMVC/index"; 15 // 轉發 16 return "foward:/springMVC/index"; 17 } 18 }
從上面咱們能夠看出redirect不能傳遞數據,但咱們能夠使用其它方案傳遞數據。主要有:app
3.1 經過URL模板進行重定向
方式以下:框架
1 @Controller 2 @RequestMapping(value="/springMVC") 3 public class UserController { 4 @RequestMapping(value="/index/{name}",method=RequestMethod.GET) 5 public String index(@PathVariable(value="name") String name, 6 @RequestParam(value="id") int id) { 7 System.out.println(name + id); 8 return "login"; 9 } 10 11 @RequestMapping(value="/data/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET) 12 public String data(@PathVariable(value="id") int id, Model model) { 13 model.addAttribute("id", id); 14 model.addAttribute("name", "Tom"); 15 return "redirect:/springMVC/index/{name}"; 16 } 17 }
使用模板方式時,若使用了佔位符則變爲路徑參數,不然變爲請求變量。因此以上重定向URL路徑變爲"/springMVC/index/Tom?id=5"。
該方法簡單有效,但傳遞數據值簡單,若數據複雜則可以使用下面的方式傳遞數據jsp
3.2 使用flash屬性
Spring提供了RedirectAttributes設置flash屬性的方法重定向傳遞參數。
原理:在重定向執行以前,全部的flash屬性會複製到session中。在重定向後,放在Session中的flash屬性會被取出,放到Model中。注:RedirectAttributes類繼承自Model類。
方式以下:ide
1 @Controller 2 @RequestMapping(value="/springMVC") 3 public class UserController { 4 @RequestMapping(value="/index",method=RequestMethod.GET) 5 public String index(User user) { 6 System.out.println(user); 7 return "login"; 8 } 9 10 @RequestMapping(value="/data/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET) 11 public String data(@PathVariable(value="id") int id, RedirectAttributes model) { 12 User user = new User(id,"Tom"); 13 model.addFlashAttribute("user", user); 14 return "redirect:/springMVC/index"; 15 } 16 }