目前接觸了一些室內地圖的開發工做,二維的、三維的,數據源基本都是採用geojson格式git
基於geojson的地圖繪製目前已經有比較成熟的框架和解決方案了。github
可是今天咱們仍是要在Threejs裏來簡單實現一下三維數據的展現。npm
主要實現了2個功能canvas
首先咱們須要一份中國省份的輪廓數據數組
在這份數據咱們須要的字段有瀏覽器
mounted () {
// 初始化3D環境
this.initEnvironment()
// 構建光照系統
this.buildLightSystem()
// 構建輔助系統
this.buildAuxSystem()
},
methods: {
// 初始化3D環境
initEnvironment () {
this.scene = new THREE.Scene();
this.scene.background = new THREE.Color(0xf0f0f0)
// 建一個空對象存放對象
this.map = new THREE.Object3D()
// 設置相機參數
this.setCamera();
// 初始化
this.renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer({
alpha: true,
canvas: document.querySelector('canvas')
})
this.renderer.setPixelRatio(window.devicePixelRatio)
this.renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight - 10)
document.addEventListener('mousemove', this.onDocumentMouseMove, false)
window.addEventListener('resize', this.onWindowResize, false)
},
setCamera () {
this.camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(35, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight, 1, 10000);
this.camera.position.set(0, -70, 90);
this.camera.lookAt(0, 0, 0);
},
// 構建輔助系統: 網格和座標
buildAuxSystem () {
let axisHelper = new THREE.AxesHelper(2000)
this.scene.add(axisHelper)
let gridHelper = new THREE.GridHelper(600, 60)
this.scene.add(gridHelper)
let controls = new THREE.OrbitControls(this.camera, this.renderer.domElement)
controls.enableDamping = true
controls.dampingFactor = 0.25
controls.rotateSpeed = 0.35
},
// 光照系統
buildLightSystem () {
let directionalLight = new THREE.DirectionalLight(0xffffff, 1.1);
directionalLight.position.set(300, 1000, 500);
directionalLight.target.position.set(0, 0, 0);
directionalLight.castShadow = true;
let d = 300;
const fov = 45 //拍攝距離 視野角值越大,場景中的物體越小
const near = 1 //相機離視體積最近的距離
const far = 1000//相機離視體積最遠的距離
const aspect = window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight; //縱橫比
directionalLight.shadow.camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(fov, aspect, near, far);
directionalLight.shadow.bias = 0.0001;
directionalLight.shadow.mapSize.width = directionalLight.shadow.mapSize.height = 1024;
this.scene.add(directionalLight)
let light = new THREE.AmbientLight(0xffffff, 0.6)
this.scene.add(light)
},
// 根據瀏覽器窗口變化動態更新尺寸
onWindowResize () {
this.camera.aspect = window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight;
this.camera.updateProjectionMatrix();
this.renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);
},
onDocumentMouseMove (event) {
event.preventDefault();
}
}
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接下來咱們須要根據 geometry.coordinates 來繪製地圖bash
"geometry": {
"type": "MultiPolygon",
"coordinates": [
[
[
[
117.210024,
40.082262
],
[
117.105315,
40.074479
],
[
117.105315,
40.074479
],
...
]
]
]
}
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咱們的座標數據是經緯度座標,咱們須要把它轉化成平面座標 這裏用到了 d3-geo 的座標轉化方法框架
注意這裏的類型是 MultiPolygon(多面),咱們的座標點是嵌套在多層數組裏面的。dom
由於咱們的數據中,
有的省份輪廓是閉合的
有的省份是多個部分組成的
咱們的模型分紅2部分
initMap () {
// d3-geo轉化座標
const projection = d3geo.geoMercator().center([104.0, 37.5]).scale(80).translate([0, 0]);
// 遍歷省份構建模型
chinaJson.features.forEach(elem => {
// 新建一個省份容器:用來存放省份對應的模型和輪廓線
const province = new THREE.Object3D()
const coordinates = elem.geometry.coordinates
coordinates.forEach(multiPolygon => {
multiPolygon.forEach(polygon => {
// 這裏的座標要作2次使用:1次用來構建模型,1次用來構建輪廓線
const shape = new THREE.Shape()
const lineMaterial = new THREE.LineBasicMaterial({ color: 0xffffff })
const linGeometry = new THREE.Geometry()
for (let i = 0; i < polygon.length; i++) {
const [x, y] = projection(polygon[i])
if (i === 0) {
shape.moveTo(x, -y)
}
shape.lineTo(x, -y);
linGeometry.vertices.push(new THREE.Vector3(x, -y, 4.01))
}
const extrudeSettings = {
depth: 4,
bevelEnabled: false
};
const geometry = new THREE.ExtrudeGeometry(shape, extrudeSettings)
const material = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({ color: '#d13a34', transparent: true, opacity: 0.6 })
const mesh = new THREE.Mesh(geometry, material)
const line = new THREE.Line(linGeometry, lineMaterial)
province.add(mesh)
province.add(line)
})
})
// 將geojson的properties放到模型中,後面會用到
province.properties = elem.properties
if (elem.properties.centroid) {
const [x, y] = projection(elem.properties.centroid)
province.properties._centroid = [x, y]
}
this.map.add(province)
})
this.scene.add(this.map)
}
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實現後的效果是這樣
若是是在室內地圖的開發,咱們一般會須要顯示模塊的一些信息,好比名稱、圖標之類的。這裏咱們就簡單顯示一下省份的名稱就好。
個人作法是:
showName () {
const width = window.innerWidth
const height = window.innerHeight
let canvas = document.querySelector('#name')
if (!canvas) return
canvas.width = width;
canvas.height = height;
const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
// 新建一個離屏canvas
const offCanvas = document.createElement('canvas')
offCanvas.width = width
offCanvas.height = height
const ctxOffCanvas = canvas.getContext('2d');
// 設置canvas字體樣式
ctxOffCanvas.font = '16.5px Arial';
ctxOffCanvas.strokeStyle = '#FFFFFF';
ctxOffCanvas.fillStyle = '#000000';
// texts用來存儲顯示的名稱,重疊的部分就不會放到裏面
const texts = [];
/**
* 遍歷省份數據,有2個核心功能
* 1. 將3維座標轉化成2維座標
* 2. 後面遍歷到的數據,要和前面的數據作碰撞對比,重疊的就不繪製
* */
this.map.children.forEach((elem, index) => {
if (!elem.properties._centroid) return
// 找到中心點
const y = -elem.properties._centroid[1]
const x = elem.properties._centroid[0]
const z = 4
// 轉化爲二維座標
const vector = new THREE.Vector3(x, y, z)
const position = vector.project(this.camera)
// 構建文本的基本屬性:名稱,left, top, width, height -> 碰撞對比須要這些座標數據
const name = elem.properties.name
const left = (vector.x + 1) / 2 * width
const top = -(vector.y - 1) / 2 * height
const text = {
name,
left,
top,
width: ctxOffCanvas.measureText(name).width,
height: 16.5
}
// 碰撞對比
let show = true
for (let i = 0; i < texts.length; i++) {
if (
(text.left + text.width) < texts[i].left ||
(text.top + text.height) < texts[i].top ||
(texts[i].left + texts[i].width) < text.left ||
(texts[i].top + texts[i].height) < text.top
) {
show = true
} else {
show = false
break
}
}
if (show) {
texts.push(text)
ctxOffCanvas.strokeText(name, left, top)
ctxOffCanvas.fillText(name, left, top)
}
})
// 離屏canvas繪製到canvas中
ctx.drawImage(offCanvas, 0, 0)
}
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注意,由於咱們的canvas是疊在threejs的canvas上僅做爲展現的,因此須要加個樣式 pointer-events: none;
謝謝閱讀