centos7搭建LNMP環境
實現環境
Centos 7 64位
IP地址：172.17.11.186
Nginx：1.12.0
Mysql：5.7.18
PHP：7.1.4
yum源：aliyun源php
首先下載好咱們的須要的包
建立一個目錄存放下載的軟件html
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /softwaremysql
[root@localhost ~]# cd /software/linux
去它們各自的官網下載最新版，下載命令參考nginx
wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-boost-5.7.18.tar.gzc++
wget https://sourceforge.net/projects/pcre/files/pcre/8.40/pcre-8.40.tar.gzweb
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.12.0.tar.gzsql
wget http://hk1.php.net/distributions/php-7.1.4.tar.gz數據庫
這是須要的包json
[root@localhost software]# ls
mysql-boost-5.7.18.tar.g nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz php-7.1.4.tar.gz
關閉系統限制,能夠換成iptables
關閉系統防火牆
[root@localhost software]# yum install iptables-*
[root@localhost software]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@localhost software]# systemctl disable firewalld.service
[root@localhost software]# systemctl star iptables
[root@localhost software]# systemctl enable iptables
關閉SElinux
[root@localhost software]# sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
[root@localhost software]# setenforce 0
開始安裝nginx
建立www帳戶 用來啓動nginx
[root@localhost software]# useradd www -s /sbin/nologin
安裝依賴的包
[root@localhost software]# yum -y install pcre pcre-devel zlib zlib-devel gcc-c++ gcc openssl*
解壓Nginx源碼包
root@localhost software]# tar zxvf nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz
進入解壓後的目錄，對Nginx進行配置
[root@localhost software]# cd nginx-1.12.0/
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.0]# ./configure --user=www --group=www\
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx\
--with-http_realip_module\
--with-http_sub_module\
--with-http_gzip_static_module\
--with-http_stub_status_module \
--with-pcre
編譯和安裝
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.0]# make && make install
啓動Nginx
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.0]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
瀏覽器訪問測試是否ok
關閉Nginx進程
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.0]# killall nginx
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.0]# ps -ef|grep nginx
nginx命令作軟鏈接方便使用
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.0]# ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /sbin/nginx
編寫nginx啓動腳本
cat >> /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=nginx - high performance web server
Documentation=http://nginx.org/en/docs/
After=network-online.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target
[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx
ExecReload=//usr/sbin/nginx -s reload
ExecStop=/usr/sbin/nginx -s stop
PrivateTmp=true
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
修改完systemctl服務，須要從新加載下daemon
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.0]# systemctl daemon-reload
用systemctl啓動Nginx服務，並查看狀態
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.0]# systemctl start nginx
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.0]# systemctl status nginx
設置nginx開機啓動
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.0]# systemctl enable nginx
nginx安裝完成，下面安裝mysql
安裝MySQL
安裝依賴包
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.0]# cd /software/
[root@localhost software]# yum -y install ncurses ncurses-devel bison cmake gcc gcc-c++
建立用戶和組
[root@localhost software]# groupadd mysql
[root@localhost software]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql mysql -M
[root@localhost software]# id mysql
解壓mysql源碼包
[root@localhost software]# tar zxvf mysql-boost-5.7.18.tar.gz
進入解壓後的目錄，對mysql進行配置（5.5以上都是cmake）
[root@localhost software]# cd mysql-5.7.18/
[root@localhost mysql-5.7.18]# cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock -DSYSCONFDIR=/usr/local/mysql/etc -DSYSTEMD_PID_DIR=/usr/local/mysql -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data -DWITH_BOOST=boost -DWITH_SYSTEMD=1
記住這個/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock，php鏈接mysql會用到。
編譯和安裝
[root@localhost mysql-5.7.18]# make && make install
初始化數據庫及啓動
[root@localhost mysql-5.7.18]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/
[root@localhost mysql-5.7.18]# cd /usr/local/mysql/
cat >> my.cnf << EOF
[client]
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysql]
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
user = mysql
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
server-id = 1
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.# join_buffer_size = 128M# sort_buffer_size = 2M# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
EOF
[root@localhost mysql]# chown mysql.mysql my.cnf
[root@localhost mysql]# echo 'PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH' >> /etc/profile
[root@localhost mysql]# echo 'export PATH' >> /etc/profile
[root@localhost mysql]# source /etc/profile
[root@localhost mysql]# bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
[root@localhost mysql]# cp usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
[root@localhost mysql]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@localhost mysql]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@localhost data]# ps -ef|grep mysql
設置mysql開機啓動
[root@localhost mysql]# systemctl enable mysqld
查看Mysql啓動狀態
[root@localhost mysql]# systemctl status mysqld
進入數據庫，建立一個測試數據庫以及受權遠程用戶可訪問這個數據庫
[root@localhost mysql]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.7.18 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> create database ceshi CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> grant all on ceshi.* to ceshi@'%' identified by 'ceshi2017';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
查看受權的用戶表
[root@localhost mysql]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Server version: 5.7.18 Source distribution
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> SELECT DISTINCT CONCAT('User: ''',user,'''@''',host,''';') AS query FROM mysql.user;
+--------------------------------+
| query |
+--------------------------------+
| User: 'ceshi'@'%'; |
| User: 'mysql.sys'@'localhost'; |
| User: 'root'@'localhost'; |
+--------------------------------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
在別的機器鏈接172.17.11.186的ceshi數據庫
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -h172.16.0.20 -uceshi -p'ceshi2017'mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 11
Server version: 5.7.18 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+| Database |
+--------------------+| information_schema || ceshi |
+--------------------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
PHP 7 安裝
PHP 7 在15年年末推出，PHP官方說的比 PHP 5 快2倍。不過有個很值得注意的地方是，雖然 PHP 7 增長了很多新特性，但也不少地方是向後不兼容的，例如 mysql 擴展，在 PHP 7 中已經被刪除。 如今最新版本是7.4.9。
進入software目錄
[root@localhost mysql]# cd /software/
接着解壓php源碼包
[root@localhost software]# tar zxvf php-7.1.4.tar.gz
再進入解壓後的文件夾
[root@localhost software]# cd php-7.1.4/
這裏將只安裝一些經常使用的擴展，能夠根據本身的實際須要進行增減，能夠經過如下命令查看PHP安裝是具體有有些擴展和選項：
[root@localhost php-7.1.4]# ./configure --help
有接近300個選項。
安裝以前要先安裝那些準備裝的擴展要用到的軟件模塊
[root@localhost php-7.1.4]# yum -y install libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel curl curl-devel openssl openssl-devel
接下來 configure PHP 7
[root@localhost php-7.1.4]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=nginx --with-fpm-group=nginx --with-mysqli --with-zlib --with-curl --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-openssl --enable-mbstring --enable-xml --enable-session --enable-ftp --enable-pdo -enable-tokenizer --enable-zip
上面已經提到，PHP 7 已經刪除了 MySQL 擴展，因此 -with-mysql 再也不是一個有效的選項。這裏用 MySQLi 或 PDO 代替。
其中 --prefix 是安裝目錄，上面提到在同一個服務器安裝多個 PHP 版本，這個 --prefix 設定是頗有必要的。至於其餘擴展你們按實際增減。
若是 configure 成功的話，將會看到如下相似字樣：
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| License: |
| This software is subject to the PHP License, available in this |
| distribution in the file LICENSE. By continuing this installation |
| process, you are bound by the terms of this license agreement. |
| If you do not agree with the terms of this license, you must abort |
| the installation process at this point. |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
Thank you for using PHP.
編譯和安裝
[root@localhost php-7.1.4]# make && make install
好，PHP 7 已經安裝完成，下面進行配置
先是 PHP 的配置文檔
[root@localhost php-7.1.4]# cp php.ini-development /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
php.ini 路徑應該放在 PREFIX/lib 文件夾，除非在安裝的時候經過這個選項修改
--with-config-file-path=PATH
若是安裝 PHP 時沒有指明 --prefix ，那麼就 php.ini 路徑就是 /usr/local/lib/php.ini 。剛纔安裝時有指明 --prefix ，因此是 /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
而後根據實際本身須要修改 php.ini。
查找 mysqli.default_socket，修改爲 mysqli.default_socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock：
[root@localhost php-7.1.4]# grep mysqli.default_socket /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
mysqli.default_socket =
[root@localhost php-7.1.4]# sed -i 's#mysqli.default_socket =#mysqli.default_socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock#' /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
[root@localhost php-7.1.4]# grep mysqli.default_socket /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
mysqli.default_socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
其中 /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock 就是上面安裝 MySQL 時提到的。這個值必須填，不然會出現以下錯誤：
Warning: mysqli_connect(): (HY000/2002): No such file or directory
修改時區，查找 date.timezone，改爲（主要將前面的 ; 去掉，這個是註釋用的）：
root@localhost php-7.1.4]# grep date.timezone /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
; http://php.net/date.timezone
;date.timezone =
[root@localhost php-7.1.4]# sed -i 's#;date.timezone =#date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai#' /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
[root@localhost php-7.1.4]# grep date.timezone /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
; http://php.net/date.timezone
date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai
好了，PHP 7 已經安裝好，下面驗證一下
[root@localhost php-7.1.4]# /usr/local/php/bin/php -v
PHP 7.1.4 (cli) (built: Apr 17 2017 14:58:11) ( NTS )
Copyright (c) 1997-2017 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v3.1.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2017 Zend Technologies
再查看下已經安裝的模塊
[root@localhost php-7.1.4]# /usr/local/php/bin/php -m
[PHP Modules]
Core
ctype
curl
date
dom
fileinfo
filter
ftp
gdhash
iconv
json
libxml
mbstring
mysqli
mysqlnd
openssl
pcre
PDO
pdo_sqlite
Phar
posix
Reflection
session
SimpleXML
SPL
sqlite3
standard
tokenizer
xml
xmlreader
xmlwriter
zip
zlib
[Zend Modules]
接下來配置 php-fpm，複製 php-fpm 的配置文檔
[root@localhost php-7.1.4]# cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
[root@localhost php-7.1.4]# cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
修改 /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf，把啓動用戶改成和nginx服務同一個啓動用戶（前面Nginx使用的是www帳戶，這裏改爲和Nginx使用同樣的帳戶；通常都是使用www用戶）
[root@localhost php-7.1.4]# grep -E 'user =|group =' /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
user = nginx
group = nginx
[root@localhost php-7.1.4]# sed -i 's#user = nginx#user = www#' /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
[root@localhost php-7.1.4]# sed -i 's#group = nginx#group = www#' /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
[root@localhost php-7.1.4]# grep -E 'user =|group =' /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
user = www
group = www
;listen.group = www
其中www.conf要留意這個值 listen = 127.0.0.1:9000
[root@localhost php-7.1.4]# grep 'listen = 127.0.0.1' /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
這裏使用 9000 端口，這個選項在配置 Nginx 網站時要用到的。
配置 php-fpm 啓動服務腳本
[root@localhost php-7.1.4]# cp sapi/fpm/php-fpm.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
查看啓動腳本中指定的程序目錄和pid文件（默認已經修改過了，若是沒有修改過執行下面操做）
[root@localhost php-7.1.4]# grep -E 'PIDFile|ExecStart' /usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service
PIDFile=/usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid
ExecStart=/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm --nodaemonize --fpm-config /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
修改啓動腳本，把裏邊 prefix 相關的內容用實際路徑代替
[root@localhost php-7.1.4]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service
將
PIDFile=${prefix}/var/run/php-fpm.pid
ExecStart=${exec_prefix}/sbin/php-fpm --nodaemonize --fpm-config ${prefix}/etc/php-fpm.conf
修改爲
PIDFile=/usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid
ExecStart=/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm --nodaemonize --fpm-config /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
從新載入 systemd
[root@localhost php-7.1.4]# systemctl daemon-reload
讓 php-fpm 隨機啓動
[root@localhost php-7.1.4]# systemctl enable php-fpm
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/php-fpm.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service.
當即啓動 php-fpm
[root@localhost php-7.1.4]# systemctl start php-fpm
查看狀態
[root@localhost php-7.1.4]# systemctl status php-fpm
● php-fpm.service - The PHP FastCGI Process Manager
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since 一 2017-04-17 15:37:06 CST; 1min 9s ago
Main PID: 55770 (php-fpm)
CGroup: /system.slice/php-fpm.service
├─55770 php-fpm: master process (/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf)
├─55771 php-fpm: pool www
└─55772 php-fpm: pool www
4月 17 15:37:06 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started The PHP FastCGI Process Manager.
4月 17 15:37:06 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting The PHP FastCGI Process Manager...
好，php-fpm 已經成功啓動，那就當即建個網站看看
配置 Nginx 站點
先創建一個 lnmp 站點，路徑是 /var/www/html
[root@localhost php-7.1.4]# mkdir -p /var/www/html
[root@localhost php-7.1.4]# chown -R www.www /var/www
並準備好 phpinfo 測試文件
cat >> /var/www/html/test.php << EOF<?php
phpinfo();
EOF
建立一個 Nginx 配置文件放到 /usr/local/nginx/conf/conf.d 中
[root@localhost php-7.1.4]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf
[root@localhost conf]# sed -i '$i\include /usr/local/nginx/conf/conf.d/*;' nginx.conf
[root@localhost conf]# cat nginx.conf
[root@localhost conf]# mkdir conf.d
[root@localhost conf]# cd conf.d/
建立test.com.conf文件並寫入如下內容
cat >> test.com.conf <<EOF
server {
listen 81;
server_name localhost;
root /var/www/html;
location / {
index index.php index.html index.htm;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME \$document_root\$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param PHP_VALUE open_basedir=\$document_root:/tmp/:/proc/;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}
EOF
其中 server_name localhost; 中的 localhost 改爲你本身的域名（例如：www.baidu.com，這裏我直接使用localhost和81端口來測試。網站域名解析默認都是使用80端口的）
其中 root /var/www/html; 就是剛纔建立的站點目錄
其中 fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; 就是上面配置 php-fpm 提到要留意的值
修改配置後必定要記得 reload nginx 才能生效
[root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl reload nginx
[root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl reload php-fpm
最後的配置（nginx服務器的IP必須和域名作解析，纔可使用域名訪問服務，域名購買通常在阿里雲上購買）
這裏咱們直接使用IP:81訪問（由於咱們使用的端口是80；域名是localhost，也就是nginx所在主機IP的意思）
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