CentOS7快速搭建LNMP環境

時間 2019-11-26

標籤 centos7 centos 快速搭建 lnmp 環境欄目 Tomcat 简体版

原文原文鏈接

名詞解釋：

LNMP：Linux+Nginx+MySql+PHP
LAMP：LInux+Apache+MySql+PHP
Nginx的正確讀法應該是Engine X
咱們使用CentOS自帶的YUM來安裝php

鏡像源切換

先把YUM源切換成國內的鏡像源
先備份一下原來的源鏡像文件html

# cp /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup

下載新的CentOS-Base.repomysql

#wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

若是沒有安裝wget的話能夠使用#yum install wget安裝完成以後，在執行CentOS-Base.repo的安裝
對/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Media.repo源文件配置文件，改成不生效nginx

enable=0

YUM緩存生成web

#yum clean all
#yum makecache
#yum update

安裝Nginx

YUM源中沒有Nginx，咱們須要增長一個nginx的源nginx.reposql

# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo

源文件的內容centos

[nginx]
name=nginx repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/$releasever/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1

查看Nginx是否配置成功緩存

#yum list nginx

已加載插件：fastestmirror
nginx                                                                           | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
nginx/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                       |  18 kB  00:00:04     
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
可安裝的軟件包
nginx.x86_64                                  1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx                                  nginx

#yum list |grep nginx

nginx.x86_64                               1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx          nginx    
nginx-debug.x86_64                         1:1.8.0-1.el7.ngx           nginx    
nginx-debuginfo.x86_64                     1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx          nginx    
nginx-module-geoip.x86_64                  1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx          nginx    
nginx-module-geoip-debuginfo.x86_64        1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx          nginx    
nginx-module-image-filter.x86_64           1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx          nginx    
nginx-module-image-filter-debuginfo.x86_64 1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx          nginx    
nginx-module-njs.x86_64                    1:1.10.2.0.0.20160414.1c50334fbea6-2.el7.ngx
                                                                       nginx    
nginx-module-njs-debuginfo.x86_64          1:1.10.2.0.0.20160414.1c50334fbea6-2.el7.ngx
                                                                       nginx    
nginx-module-perl.x86_64                   1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx          nginx    
nginx-module-perl-debuginfo.x86_64         1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx          nginx    
nginx-module-xslt.x86_64                   1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx          nginx    
nginx-module-xslt-debuginfo.x86_64         1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx          nginx    
nginx-nr-agent.noarch                      2.0.0-10.el7.ngx            nginx    
pcp-pmda-nginx.x86_64                      3.10.6-2.el7                base

安裝成功後，就能夠直接安裝nginx了php7

#yum -y install nginx

安裝的就是Nginx官網的最新版本curl

#nginx #啓動Nginx

能夠使用curl命令查看是否安裝成功

#curl 127.0.0.1

若是安裝成功的話，就會看到輸出一個HTML的一個反饋

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
    body {
        width: 35em;
        margin: 0 auto;
        font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>

開機啓動設置

#systemctl enable nginx
#systemctl daemon-reload

安裝MySql（5.7）

官網：http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/

#rpm -Uvh http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm

查看5.7版本是否已經啓用

#yum repolist all | grep mysql

mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community         啓用:    24
mysql-connectors-community-source MySQL Connectors Community - Sourc 禁用
mysql-tools-community/x86_64      MySQL Tools Community              啓用:    38
mysql-tools-community-source      MySQL Tools Community - Source     禁用
mysql-tools-preview/x86_64        MySQL Tools Preview                禁用
mysql-tools-preview-source        MySQL Tools Preview - Source       禁用
mysql55-community/x86_64          MySQL 5.5 Community Server         禁用
mysql55-community-source          MySQL 5.5 Community Server - Sourc 禁用
mysql56-community/x86_64          MySQL 5.6 Community Server         禁用
mysql56-community-source          MySQL 5.6 Community Server - Sourc 禁用
mysql57-community/x86_64          MySQL 5.7 Community Server         啓用:   146
mysql57-community-source          MySQL 5.7 Community Server - Sourc 禁用
mysql80-community/x86_64          MySQL 8.0 Community Server         禁用
mysql80-community-source          MySQL 8.0 Community Server - Sourc 禁用

若是沒有啓用的話，咱們能夠修改源文件

#/etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo

[mysql57-community]
name=MySQL 5.7 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

把enabled改成1就能夠了，其餘的版本改成0

[mysql-connectors-community]
name=MySQL Connectors Community
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-connectors-community/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

[mysql-tools-community]
name=MySQL Tools Community
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-tools-community/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

# Enable to use MySQL 5.5
[mysql55-community]
name=MySQL 5.5 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.5-community/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

# Enable to use MySQL 5.6
[mysql56-community]
name=MySQL 5.6 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.6-community/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

[mysql57-community]
name=MySQL 5.7 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

[mysql80-community]
name=MySQL 8.0 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-8.0-community/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

[mysql-tools-preview]
name=MySQL Tools Preview
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-tools-preview/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

修改完成以後查看可用的版本

#yum repolist enabled | grep mysql

mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community                  24
mysql-tools-community/x86_64      MySQL Tools Community                       38
mysql57-community/x86_64          MySQL 5.7 Community Server                 146

若是看到5.7版本啓用了以後就能夠安裝MySql了

#yum -y install mysql-community-server

安裝完成以後，就能夠啓動mysql了

#service mysqld start

查看MySql的啓動狀態

#service mysqld status

Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status  mysqld.service
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since 日 2017-05-23 22:51:48 CST; 3min 14s ago
  Process: 36884 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 36810 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 36887 (mysqld)
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
           └─36887 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

5月 23 22:51:45 192.168.0.14 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
5月 23 22:51:48 192.168.0.14 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
5月 23 22:52:24 192.168.0.14 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.

開機啓動設置

#systemctl enable mysqld
#systemctl daemon-reload

MySql安裝完成以後會在LOG文件(/var/log/mysqld.log)中生成一個root的默認密碼

#grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

2017-05-23T14:51:45.705458Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: d&sqr7dcf7P_

登陸MySql並修改root密碼

#mysql -uroot -p
mysql>ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'new psd';

擴展閱讀：mysql的密碼策略

mysql>show variables like '%password%';

+---------------------------------------+--------+
| Variable_name                         | Value  |
+---------------------------------------+--------+
| default_password_lifetime             | 0      |
| disconnect_on_expired_password        | ON     |
| log_builtin_as_identified_by_password | OFF    |
| mysql_native_password_proxy_users     | OFF    |
| old_passwords                         | 0      |
| report_password                       |        |
| sha256_password_proxy_users           | OFF    |
| validate_password_check_user_name     | OFF    |
| validate_password_dictionary_file     |        |
| validate_password_length              | 8      |
| validate_password_mixed_case_count    | 1      |
| validate_password_number_count        | 1      |
| validate_password_policy              | MEDIUM |
| validate_password_special_char_count  | 1      |
+---------------------------------------+--------+
14 rows in set (0.01 sec)

默認的密碼策略

validate_password_policy：密碼策略，默認爲MEDIUM策略 
validate_password_dictionary_file：密碼策略文件，策略爲STRONG才須要 
validate_password_length：密碼最少長度 
validate_password_mixed_case_count：大小寫字符長度，至少1個 
validate_password_number_count ：數字至少1個 
validate_password_special_char_count：特殊字符至少1個

修改密碼策略
在/etc/my.cnf文件添加validate_password_policy配置：

# 選擇0（LOW），1（MEDIUM），2（STRONG）其中一種，選擇2須要提供密碼字典文件
validate_password_policy=0

修改默認編碼
在/etc/my.cnf配置文件的[mysqld]下添加編碼配置：

[mysqld]
character_set_server=utf8
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'

重啓mysql，是修改生效

#systemctl restart mysqld

遠程登陸用戶添加

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON . TO 'lmc'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '1qazXsw@' WITH GRANT OPTION;
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

查看用戶

mysql> select host,user from mysql.user;

+-----------+-----------+
| host      | user      |
+-----------+-----------+
| %         | lmc       |
| localhost | mysql.sys |
| localhost | root      |
+-----------+-----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

因爲開始沒有關閉SELinux，引發mysql鏈接失敗的解決：
http://www.jianshu.com/p/ddd3ce15cb84

安裝PHP7

#rpm -Uvh https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
#rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm

安裝PHP7

#yum install php70w.x86_64 php70w-cli.x86_64 php70w-common.x86_64 php70w-gd.x86_64 php70w-ldap.x86_64 php70w-mbstring.x86_64 php70w-mcrypt.x86_64 php70w-mysql.x86_64 php70w-pdo.x86_64

安裝php-fpm

#yum install php70w-fpm php70w-opcache

啓動php-fpm

#systemctl start php-fpm

開機啓動設置

#systemctl enable php-fpm
#systemctl daemon-reload

修改根目錄
修改 /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf

location ~ \.php$ {
        root           /usr/share/nginx/html;
        fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        fastcgi_index  index.php;
        fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include        fastcgi_params;
    }

重啓Nginx使修改生效

做者：890624
博客轉自：https://www.jianshu.com/p/02baa54283ba
來源：簡書