LinkedHashMap類是構建在HashMap的基礎上的。HashMap是數組+鏈表+紅黑樹的複合數據結構。LinkedHashMap在HashMap的基礎上添加了head和tail指針。這兩個指針會將HashMap中的元素連接起來,組成一個鏈表。下面咱們經過圖片來看下LinkedHashMap的結構。 java
上面的圖片咱們看到了LinkedHashMap的結構。下面咱們將鏈表單獨拎出來,其結構以下:/**
* The head (eldest) of the doubly linked list.
*/
transient LinkedHashMapEntry<K,V> head;
/**
* The tail (youngest) of the doubly linked list.
*/
transient LinkedHashMapEntry<K,V> tail;
/**
* The iteration ordering method for this linked hash map: <tt>true</tt>
* for access-order, <tt>false</tt> for insertion-order.
*
* @serial
*/
final boolean accessOrder;
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上面的head和tail字段是表示鏈表的頭結點和尾節點的。accessOrder字段能夠定製LinkedHashMap的插入順序。這個後面咱們分析源碼的時候詳細介紹。node
上面介紹了LinkedHashMap不少特性,主要都是其鏈表的相關特性(其大部分特性仍是繼承HashMap的)。咱們來看下LinkedHashMap的節點結構:算法
/**
* HashMap.Node subclass for normal LinkedHashMap entries.
*/
static class LinkedHashMapEntry<K,V> extends HashMap.Node<K,V> {
LinkedHashMapEntry<K,V> before, after;
LinkedHashMapEntry(int hash, K key, V value, Node<K,V> next) {
super(hash, key, value, next);
}
}
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節點結構很清晰,只是添加了before和after節點,分別指向先後的兩個節點。數組
/**
* Constructs an empty insertion-ordered <tt>LinkedHashMap</tt> instance
* with the specified initial capacity and load factor.
*
* @param initialCapacity the initial capacity
* @param loadFactor the load factor
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the initial capacity is negative
* or the load factor is nonpositive
*/
public LinkedHashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
super(initialCapacity, loadFactor);
accessOrder = false;
}
/**
* Constructs an empty insertion-ordered <tt>LinkedHashMap</tt> instance
* with the specified initial capacity and a default load factor (0.75).
*
* @param initialCapacity the initial capacity
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the initial capacity is negative
*/
public LinkedHashMap(int initialCapacity) {
super(initialCapacity);
accessOrder = false;
}
/**
* Constructs an empty insertion-ordered <tt>LinkedHashMap</tt> instance
* with the default initial capacity (16) and load factor (0.75).
*/
public LinkedHashMap() {
super();
accessOrder = false;
}
/**
* Constructs an insertion-ordered <tt>LinkedHashMap</tt> instance with
* the same mappings as the specified map. The <tt>LinkedHashMap</tt>
* instance is created with a default load factor (0.75) and an initial
* capacity sufficient to hold the mappings in the specified map.
*
* @param m the map whose mappings are to be placed in this map
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified map is null
*/
public LinkedHashMap(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {
super();
accessOrder = false;
putMapEntries(m, false);
}
/**
* Constructs an empty <tt>LinkedHashMap</tt> instance with the
* specified initial capacity, load factor and ordering mode.
*
* @param initialCapacity the initial capacity
* @param loadFactor the load factor
* @param accessOrder the ordering mode - <tt>true</tt> for
* access-order, <tt>false</tt> for insertion-order
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the initial capacity is negative
* or the load factor is nonpositive
*/
public LinkedHashMap(int initialCapacity,
float loadFactor,
boolean accessOrder) {
super(initialCapacity, loadFactor);
this.accessOrder = accessOrder;
}
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絕大多數方法都是使用的HashMap的,有些方法是通過LinkedHashMap複寫的。下面咱們來一一介紹這些方法。緩存
咱們介紹HashMap中的putVal的時候確定看到以下代碼:bash
afterNodeInsertion(evict);
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這個方法在HashMap中的實現是空的,LinkedHashMap複寫了這個方法,咱們來看源碼:數據結構
void afterNodeInsertion(boolean evict) {
// possibly remove eldest
LinkedHashMapEntry<K,V> first;
if (evict && (first = head) != null && removeEldestEntry(first)) {
K key = first.key;
removeNode(hash(key), key, null, false, true);
}
}
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咱們看到若是evict參數是true而且有頭結點而且removeEldestEntry函數返回true的話就會刪除頭結點(這實際上是LRU算法)。 細心的同窗可能會問,上面不是說LinkedHashMap默認是實現是添加Node節點到鏈表尾部嗎?沒看見相關代碼啊,只是看到了afterNodeInsertion方法。咱們仔細的看源碼會發現,若是須要插入節點的話確定會調用newNode方法。咱們來看HashMap中和LinkedHashMap中newNode的實現:app
// Create a regular (non-tree) node
Node<K,V> newNode(int hash, K key, V value, Node<K,V> next) {
return new Node<>(hash, key, value, next);
}
Node<K,V> newNode(int hash, K key, V value, Node<K,V> e) {
LinkedHashMapEntry<K,V> p =
new LinkedHashMapEntry<K,V>(hash, key, value, e);
linkNodeLast(p);
return p;
}
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咱們看到在HashMap中newNode只是返回一個Node節點對象。在LinkedHashMap中會先構造一個LinkedHashMapEntry對象,而後調用linkNodeLast將其連接到鏈表的尾部。源碼以下:ide
// link at the end of list
private void linkNodeLast(LinkedHashMapEntry<K,V> p) {
LinkedHashMapEntry<K,V> last = tail;
tail = p;
if (last == null)
head = p;
else {
p.before = last;
last.after = p;
}
}
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/**
* Returns the value to which the specified key is mapped,
* or {@code null} if this map contains no mapping for the key.
*
* <p>More formally, if this map contains a mapping from a key
* {@code k} to a value {@code v} such that {@code (key==null ? k==null :
* key.equals(k))}, then this method returns {@code v}; otherwise
* it returns {@code null}. (There can be at most one such mapping.)
*
* <p>A return value of {@code null} does not <i>necessarily</i>
* indicate that the map contains no mapping for the key; it's also * possible that the map explicitly maps the key to {@code null}. * The {@link #containsKey containsKey} operation may be used to * distinguish these two cases.'
*/
public V get(Object key) {
Node<K,V> e;
if ((e = getNode(hash(key), key)) == null)
return null;
if (accessOrder)
afterNodeAccess(e);
return e.value;
}
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主要仍是會調用getNode方法,其次會根據accessOrder參數決定是否調用afterNodeAccess方法。咱們來看下其相關邏輯:函數
void afterNodeAccess(Node<K,V> e) { // move node to last
LinkedHashMapEntry<K,V> last;
if (accessOrder && (last = tail) != e) {
LinkedHashMapEntry<K,V> p =
(LinkedHashMapEntry<K,V>)e, b = p.before, a = p.after;
p.after = null;
if (b == null)
head = a;
else
b.after = a;
if (a != null)
a.before = b;
else
last = b;
if (last == null)
head = p;
else {
p.before = last;
last.after = p;
}
tail = p;
++modCount;
}
}
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從源碼中咱們看到,若是accessOrder爲true就會將原來位置的節點e刪除,而後將其連接到鏈表的尾部。accessOrder參數設置爲true,LinkedHashMap就會使用符合LRU的特性,將最新訪問的節點移動到鏈表的尾部(注意:這個移動只是在鏈表中,元素實際的在HashMap的存儲仍是不變的)。
上面咱們或多或少已經介紹了使用LinkedHashMap來實現LRU的相關內容。這一節咱們詳細介紹下如何使用LInkedHashMap來定製本身的LRU算法。
protected boolean removeEldestEntry(Map.Entry<K,V> eldest) {
return false;
}
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咱們能夠根據須要定製相關邏輯。下面咱們來看下一個簡單的例子
class LRUCache<T> extends LinkedHashMap {
public LRUCache() {
super(16, 0.75f, true);
}
@Override
protected boolean removeEldestEntry(java.util.Map.Entry eldest) {
return size()>3;
}
}
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在構造函數中咱們設置accessOrder爲true,讓LinkedHashMap符合LRU的相關特性。同時咱們複寫removeEldestEntry方法。當Map中的元素超過3個時候將最先添加的元素移除。咱們來些例子驗證下:
LRUCache<String> lruCache=new LRUCache<>();
lruCache.put("1","A");
lruCache.put("2","B");
lruCache.put("3","C");
System.out.println(lruCache);
//插入第4個元素(默認會移除第一個元素A)
lruCache.put("4","D");
System.out.println(lruCache);
//訪問元素,會將C移動到鏈表的尾部
lruCache.get("3");
System.out.println(lruCache);
//輸出以下:
{1=A, 2=B, 3=C}
{2=B, 3=C, 4=D}
{2=B, 4=D, 3=C}
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